贺兰拗拉谷米钵山组复理石由具有递变层理、双向交错层理、单向交错层理、复杂多向交错层理、飘逸层理和波痕构造的韵律性砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩薄互层组成.根据双向沉积构遣等典型物性特征识别出3种内潮汐沉积微相,即飘逸层理砂泥岩韵律性薄互层微相,单向交错层和交错纹理砂岩粉砂岩微相,双向交错纹理和羽状交错纹理砂岩粉砂岩微相.结果表明:研究区复理石为深水牵引流(内波,内潮汐)、重力流以及原地沉积复合成因;经典的鲍玛序列是有待商榷的;重力流与牵引流存在流态转化.

摘　要： 20世纪60年代以来,随着深海钻探（DSDP）和大洋钻探项目（0DP）的成功实施,在现 代深海海底发现了一种大面积分布的大型沉积物波,这从根本上改变了人们对波痕是浅水标志的认识。波痕不仅发育于浅水,在深海、半深海环境中,也存在大量类 似浅水环境中波痕的沉积物波,而且这种沉积物波的波长、波高差异较大,发育位置广泛,在全球海域均有记录。它作为深海沉积的重要组成部分,深海大型沉积物 波的研究,无疑对于理解深海过程,重建古气候、古地理、古构造等具有重要的科学意义,同时,作为潜在的油气储集层,深海大型沉积物波的研究对于油气勘探和 开发具有重要意义。

Deep-water traction current research is a comparative new domain of sedimentology. China scholars did contribution in this domain and have advantage and peculiarity in it. Deep-water traction current deposits mainly include two types, contour current deposits, internal-wave and internal-tide deposits. Contour current has been studied since the early and middle part of 1960’s. Early research was mainly refers to fine, lamina and small-scale contour current deposits. Now the advanced development have related to broad scale contour lithohermic body of lithoherms research. Internal-wave and internal-tide research began in 1990’s. Early research start with discriminating internal wave and internal tide deposits of small magnitude and now is the stage of study of large-scale sediment waves on deep-sea bottom. The main effort of future contour current research should put on the contour lithoherms in the stratigraphic record, particularly discovering and studying of contour lithoherms made of clasolite. The geologic body of inter-wave and inter-tide that have most mineral value is made of large sedimentary-waves. The first large sedimentary-wave has been discriminated in middle Ordovician system in Tarim Basin and find out it is hydrocarbon potential. View the situation of internal-wave and internal tide, China is likely keep leading in international in this domain.

深水牵引流沉积研究，是沉积学研究中一个较新的领域。在这个领域中，我国学者做出了应有的贡献，并且具有自己的特色和优势。目前研究的深水牵引流沉积，一是等深流沉积，二是内波、内潮汐沉积。等深流沉积研究开始于20世纪60年代，早期主要是对小规模的细粒薄层等深流沉积的研究，而现在已发展到对大规模等深流沉积体——等深岩丘的研究。内波内潮汐沉积研究始于20世纪90年代，也是从小规模内波、内潮汐沉积的鉴别开始，现在已达到研究深海大型沉积物波的阶段。今后等深流沉积研究的主攻方向，应是地层记录中的等深岩丘，并特别注意碎屑岩等深岩丘的发现和研究。内波、内潮汐沉积方面，最有矿产意义的当属由大型沉积物波构建的地质体。而首例地层记录中的大型沉积物波，已在塔里木盆地中部奥陶系中被鉴别出来，并具有含油气远景。从目前对内波、内潮汐的研究势头来看，我国很有希望在该领域继续保持国际领先地位。

Deep一water traction currents of internal一wave and internal一ride origin are well developed on modern sea floor. They can not only produce sedimentary structures of cm一size but also build large一sca1e sediment waves of km一size. Moreover, mast of these sediment waves migrate upslope. In ancient stratigraphic record, small一scale sedimentation units of internal一wave and internal一tide origin have been recognized Gut large一scale sediment waves of internal一wave origin have not. Based on detailed studies, different kinds of internal一wave and internal 一tide deposits have been recognized in the clastic rocks of the middle一upper Ordovician in the Central Tarim Basin. Four basiC sedimentary micrpfacies and five identical successions of internal一wave and internal一tide de- posits have been recognized and summarized. These microfacies are (1)hi一directional cross一laminated very fine- grained sandstone microfacies, (2)unidirectional cross一bedded and bi一directional crass一laminated medium一to fine一grained sandstone microfacies, (3)alternating sandstone and mudstone microfacies, and (4)oolitic limestone andsand politic limestone microfacies. The vertical successions include (l)symmetrical graded succession consisting entirely of cross一laminated sandstone, (2)normal graded succession consisting of cross一laminated sandstone, (3) normal graded succession consisting of medium scale cross一bedding and bi一directional cross一laminations, (4) symmetrical graded一couplet succession, (5)mudstone一oolitic limestone一mudstone succession. More importantly, based on detailed studies of seismic profiles, the authors discovered large一scale sediment waves of upslope migra- tion developed in the continental slope facies of the middle一upper Ordovician. The characteristics of these sedi- meat waves are similar to those of the sediment waves well developed on modem seafloor. According to the theory of internal wave, the origin of these sediment waves can be explained satisfactorily.

现代海底普遍发育由内波、内潮汐引起的深水牵引流,内波、内潮汐不仅可形成各种厘米级的深水牵引流沉积构造,还可建造千米级的大型沉积物波。这种大型沉积物波既可沿斜坡向下迁移,也可沿斜坡向上迁移。在古代地层记录中已发现各种厘米级的内波、内潮汐沉积单元,但尚未发现内波成因的大型沉积物波。塔中地区中上奥陶统碎屑岩段内发育内波及内潮汐形成的各种牵引流沉积构造单元。通过详细的岩心观察,识别出 4种内波、内潮汐沉积微相类型及 5种基本垂向沉积层序。此外,通过地震剖面分析,在研究区中上奥陶统陆坡相中识别出顺坡向上迁移的大型沉积物波,该沉积物波的特征与现代海底发育的沉积物波的特征类似,运用内波理论可对其成因进行合理的解释。

摘　要： 通过岩心观察和其他资料的综合研究，在塔里木盆地ＴＺ３０井中上奥陶统中鉴别出内潮汐沉积。ＴＺ３０井折中上奥陶统厚６２７ｍ，主要由深灰色含笔石页岩组成。其中夹有３个发育砂级碎屑岩和颗粒石灰岩的层段。

详细论述了江西修水地区中元古界双桥山群修水组中的深水牵引流内波内潮汐的沉积特征及形成环境.深水牵引流内波内潮汐沉积具双向递变、单向递变和对偶层递变层序;其岩相可划分为双向交错层理砂岩相,单向交错层理砂岩相, 砂岩、板岩薄互层相,波状、脉状、透镜状细砂岩、粉砂岩、板岩相;发育双向和单向交错层理、曲线型和干涉波痕及波状、脉状、透镜状层理;在综合分析的基础上,进一步建立了该区水道型和非水道型内波内潮汐沉积模式.

The sedimentary backgrounds and sedimentary characteristics of deep water tractive current inter-wave and inter-tide deposits, firstly discovered in northwestern Jiangxi, were discussed in detail. They were characterized by particular sedimentary structures, petrofacies and successions. The sedimentary structures included, mainly, unidirectional and bidirectional cross-beddings, interference and curved ripple marks, and wavy, flaser and lenticular beddings, usually developed on deep water gravity flow deposits, or paragenetic with it. Their grain size distribution appeared the characteristics of tractive current deposits clearly. Firstly, the deposits could be divided into bidirectional cross-bedding sandstone combination, unidirectional cross-bedding sandstone combination, sandstone and slate combination of thin bedded alternation, and flaser, wavy and lenticular fine sandstone, siltstone and slate combination. Secondly, the bidirectional graded succession, unidirectional graded succession and antithetic graded succession could be identified in the deposits. Finally, Based on the comprehensive study and analysis, the relation and difference of the inter-wave and inter-tide deposits with the turbidity current deposits, and their presevation conditions, sedimentary environment and controlling mechanism were expounded. The systematic study on the sedimentary characteristics of the inter-wave and inter-tide and the deep water tractive current deposits had an important significance for properly recognizing the geotectonic background and evolution of sedimentary basins.

本文详细论述了赣西北前寒武系首次发现的深水牵引流内波内潮汐沉积特征的沉积构造、岩石组合和沉积序列。沉积构造主要发育双向和单向交错层理、曲线型和干涉波痕及波状、脉状、透镜状层理;常产于深水重力流之上或与之共生。岩石粒度结构特征为明显的牵引流性质。共划分出双向交错层理砂岩组合,单向交错层理砂岩组合,薄层砂岩——板岩组合和波状、脉状、透镜状细砂岩——粉砂岩——板岩组合;可识别出双向递变、单向递变和对偶层递变序列。在综合研究和分析的基础上,进一步阐述了内波内潮汐沉积与浊流沉积的异同点和相互关系以及内波内潮汐沉积的保存条件、沉积环境和控制机理。深水牵引流内波内潮汐沉积学特征的系统研究,对正确阐明沉积盆地的大地构造背景及形成演化具有重要意义。

Abstract：The third member of the lower Cambrian Balang Formation at Yangjiaping, Shimen, Hunan Province consists mainly of dark-gray, gray-green laminated to thinly bedded silt-bearing hydromica mudstones and muddy siltstones intercalated with lenticular and striped siltstones, whose sedimentary environment was a slope environment. Cross laminations are well developed in lenticular and striped siltstones of the middle and upper Parts of the third member, whose laminae are inclined not only bi-directionally up- and down the slope, but also uni-directionally which correspond to up-or down-slope directions. The characteristics indicated that lenticular and striped siltstones should not be contourites or turbidites, but should be formed by alternating up- and down-slope currents produced by internal waves and internal tides. This is the first example of internal-wave and internal-tide deposits found in the Cambrian.

提要：湖南石门杨家坪下寒武统杷榔组第三段主要为一套深灰色、灰绿色页状至薄层含粉砂水云母泥（页）岩与泥质粉砂岩夹透镜状、条带状粉砂岩，其沉积环境为斜坡环境。中上部透镜状、条带状粉砂岩中交错层理极为发育，纹层倾向既有沿斜坡向上和向下双向倾斜的，也有沿斜坡向下或沿斜坡向上单向倾斜的，它们不应是等深流沉积或浊流沉积，而应为内波、内潮汐产生的沿斜坡上下交替流动所形成的。笔者对寒武系内波、内潮汐沉积做了首次研究。

Oceanographic studies more than 30 years revealed the existence of internal tides and internal waves indeep-water , however , internal-tide deposits were not recognized and studied systematically in the stratigraphcrecord until Gao Zhenzhong and K. A. Eriksson studied Ordovician deep-water sediments in the central Ap-palachians of the USA in the early 1990s. The term of internal-tide deposits was introduced for the first timein their paper. Two facies were recognized in the Ordovician of the Fincastle area，Appalachians:(1) bidirec-tional cross-laminated very fine grained sandstone facies，and (2)unidirectional cross-bedded and cross-lami-mated medium-to fine-grained sandstone fades. Recently, internal-tide deposits were first found in the Upper Ordovician in the Tonglu area, ZhejiangProvince，which are similar to that found in Appalachians in some sedimentary characteristics but also havesome marked difference from that in Appalachians. During the late age of Late Ordovician the Tonglu areawas located on the southeastern slope of a deep-water basin. The internal-tide deposits described in this paperwere found within the Upper Ordovician Yankou Formation，which consists of a succession of thin alternatelayers of sandstones and mudstones. This set of thin alternate layers displayed clear rhythmicity and could beclassified into many sequences from fine-grained to coarse-grained，and to fine-grained again upwards. Eachsequence consists of more than ten or tens of couplets of sandstones and mudstones with 0. 2-1 m in thick-ness and could be refered to as a symmetrically graded couplet sequence. This kind of internal-tide depositswith this sequence could be called as a rhythemic thin alternate layer facies of sandstone and mudstone,whichformed in deep-water slope environment and should probably be the product of internal tide sedimentation.Palaeoslope dipping towards northwest and southeast ward and northwest ward sedimentary structures indi-cate that the internal tide currents flew mainly alternatively up and down on the slope. Based on the study,theinteranl-tide deposits were inferred to be formed in open slope where there was a longer relative static period(the period of slack water)during tidal current reversals,so mud-size materials could deposit and form muddybeds. The formation of each couplet of sandstone and mudstone might be the result of diurnal or semidiurnaltide. But the formation of symmetrically graded couplet sequence might be the result of periodical change ofspring tide and neap tide.

本文论述了在中国首次发现的内潮汐沉积的特征及其形成环境。该内潮汐沉积发现于浙江省桐庐县桐君山地区上奥陶统上部，具有典型的对偶层双向递交层序。据其岩类组合和层序特征，可将其定为韵律性砂泥岩薄互层相。其中发育有特征的脉状、波状和透镜状层理。其沉积特征表明形成于开阔的深水斜坡环境，这种对偶层双向递交层序可能为内潮汐的大潮和小潮周期性变化的结果。

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘陕西陇县中奥陶统平凉组主要为一套暗色页岩夹薄层粉砂岩、砂岩、灰岩及凝灰岩,可分为3个岩性段.其中第三段以灰绿、灰黑色页岩、粉砂质页岩、砂质页岩为主,夹深灰色薄层砂岩、粉砂岩、粒屑灰岩及青灰色灰化晶屑凝灰岩等.沉积环境分析表明,平凉组主要为斜坡至盆地边缘沉积环境,以深水原地沉积为主,次为碎屑流和浊流沉积.第三段中部薄层砂岩、粉砂岩中发育双向交错纹理和单向交错层理,纹层倾向既有沿斜坡向上和向下双向倾斜的,也有沿斜坡向下或沿斜坡向上单向倾斜的,但以沿斜坡向上单向倾斜的为主,它们不应是等深流沉积或浊流沉积,而应为内波、内潮汐产生的沿斜坡上下交替的流动所形成的,初步认为应属水道内潮汐沉积.

Based on comprehensive study of cores and various data,the author considered that the sandstones and oolitic limestones in the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Well TZ32 in the Tarim Basin were mainly origin of internaltide deposits. The thickness of Middle and Upper Ordovician drilled in Well TZ32 is 1 462 m and mainly composes of alternating beds of darkgray mudstones and/or shales and gray sandstones and/or siltstones interbedded with minor limestones,in which darkgray mudstones and/or shales are the most. Sandstones and siltstones are mainly concentrated in the upper and lower part. Oolitic limestones are rare and interbedded in darkgray mudstones and/or shales. These sandstones and oolitic limestones can form beds alone,but more commonly,form thin alternate beds with drakgray mudstones and/or shales in which flaser,wavy and lenticular bedding are welldeveloped,and cross bedding and bidirectional cross laminations are also welldeveloped. According to the sedimentary background and the characteristics of lithology and sedimentary structure combination,these sandstones and oolitic limestones are explained as the products of internaltide deposits on deep water slope. These internaltide deposits can be classified into four basic types according to their features,i.e.,bidirectional crosslaminated finegrained sandstone,unidirectional crossbedded and bidirectional crosslaminated mediumgrained to finegrained sandstone,rhythmic thin alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone,and oolitic limestone. These internaltide deposits possessed five types of vertical successions and formed rhythmic deposit combinations with cyclicity in the vertical section.

塔里木盆地塔中32井的中、上奥陶统钻遇厚度为1 462 m。它是一套巨厚的深灰色泥岩、页岩与灰色砂岩、粉砂岩互层夹少量灰岩的地层。其中深灰色泥岩、页岩最多；砂岩和粉砂岩主要分布于上部和下部，中部砂岩和粉砂岩较少；鲕粒灰岩数量少，主要夹于深灰色泥页岩中。这些砂岩和鲕粒灰岩既可单独成层，但更常见它们与深灰色泥页岩组合成薄互层。薄互层中发育脉状、波状和透镜状层理，并普遍发育交错层理和双向交错纹理。这些特征表明砂岩和鲕粒灰岩为深水斜坡上的内潮汐沉积的产物。这些内潮汐沉积进一步划分为4种类型：双向交错纹理细砂岩型、单向交错层和双向交错纹理中—细砂岩型、韵律性砂泥岩薄互层型和鲕粒灰岩型。它们具有5种垂向沉积层序，在剖面上常形成多旋回韵律性沉积组合。

Internal-wave and internal-tide deposits are akind of dragging-flow deposits recently found in ancient deep-sea environments. A variety of internal-wave and internal-tide deposits has been identified in the deep-sea deposit along the Hercynian-Indosinian orogeny of the western Qinling Mountains. According to their depositional structures they can be divided into 7 microfacies, 1. Fine- and medium-grained sandstone with bi-directional cross-bedding structure, 2. Siltstone with pinnate cross-lamination structure, 3. Siltstone with fascicular lens superposed cross-lamination structure, 4. Siltstone with complicatedly interweaving bi-directional cross-lamination structure, 5. Siltstone with bi-directional cross-lamination structure, 6. Sand and mud interbed with wave-, vein-and lens-like composite stratification, and 7. Fine sandstone with wave and ripple structure. The present study shows that they are formed in deep-sea turbidite systems of 3 different environments. The distribution of internal-wave and internal-tide deposits in deep sea is characterized by generality, non-abundance and evident selection for layers. All of these characteristics are closely related with their formation and preservation conditions.

内波、内潮汐沉积是近十年来在古代深海环境中新发现的一种具牵引流性质的沉积相类型。西秦岭海西—印支造山带深海沉积中发现了多种样式的内波、内潮汐沉积,据沉积构造特征归纳为 7种微相类型 :1)具双向交错层细—中砂岩;2 )羽状交错纹理粉砂岩;3)束状透镜体叠加的交错纹理粉砂岩;4)复杂交织的双向交错纹理粉砂岩;5 )双向交错纹理粉砂岩;6 )波状、脉状和透镜状复合层理砂泥岩互层;7)波浪波痕细砂岩。研究表明,它们分别形成于 3种不同环境的深海浊流沉积体系内。内波、内潮汐沉积在深海环境中的分布特点 :一是具有普遍性;二是数量不够丰富;三是在层位上具有明显的选择性。通过研究说明,这些分布特点是与其形成和保存条件密切相关。

湖南桃江半边山前寒武纪马底驿 组为一深水重力流沉积、深水牵引流沉积与深水原地沉积共生组合。原地沉积为水平层理发育的暗色泥板岩。重力流沉积为暗灰、灰色的厚层滑塌沉积、碎屑流沉积 和薄中层浊流沉积组合。深水牵引流沉积为内潮汐沉积类型,岩性为细砂岩、粉砂岩,以发育透镜状、波状、脉状层理、双向交错层理、波痕等沉积构造为特征。深 水原地沉积与异地沉积在剖面上组成了复杂的复理石韵律。研究表明研究区内潮汐沉积属于水道型内潮汐沉积。

浙江临安一带晚奥陶世位于扬子地台南缘东段的深水斜坡地带,发育了一套巨厚的复理石建造.临安一带的下奥陶统复理石由具有递变层理、双向交错层理、单向交错层理、复杂多向交错层理、脉状、波状、透镜状层理和波痕构造的韵律性砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩薄互层组成.遗迹化石丰富,主要为深水环境的"Nerites"相.根据沉积构造等划分出3种内潮汐沉积微相,即脉状、波状、透镜状层理砂泥岩韵律性薄互层微相,单向交错层和交错纹理砂岩-粉砂岩微相,双向交错纹理和羽状交错纹理砂岩-粉砂岩微相.研究表明,研究区上奥陶统复理石为深水牵引流(内波、内潮汐)、重力流以及原地沉积复合成因.

摘　要： 宁夏中奥陶统香山群为一套遭受轻微区域变质的陆源碎屑岩，并夹有少量碳酸盐岩和硅质岩，主要为深水浊流沉积。其中，徐家圈组主要由灰绿色、黄绿色轻变质细砂岩、钙质砂岩及粉砂岩和页岩组成，顶部发育有薄层石灰岩。在该组的中-薄层钙质粉-细砂岩、细粉屑质石灰岩和粉砂质页岩中发现了双向交错层理及纹层倾向与区域斜坡倾向相反或有较大夹角的单向交错层理，其中双向交错层理形态丰富、纹层清晰，其纹层倾向有沿斜坡向上的，有沿斜坡向下的。在深水环境中，这些交错层理不应是等深流沉积或浊流沉积的产物，而应为内波产生的沿斜坡上下水流交替流动所形成的。从沉积背景、沉积构造和古水流等方面对徐家圈组的内波、内潮汐沉积进行了详细的研究，认为其形成于水道不发育的深水斜坡环境，并对斜坡环境中内波、内潮汐沉积中不发育脉状、波状和透镜状层理的现象进行了解释。

贺兰山以南中奥陶统香山群为一套遭受轻微区域变质的陆源碎屑岩, 并夹有少量碳酸盐岩和硅质岩,属于深海浊流沉积.其下部徐家圈组由灰绿、黄绿色轻变质细粒砂岩、钙质砂岩及粉砂岩和页岩组成,沉积环境为深水斜坡环境,并 在该组发现了内波、内潮汐沉积,主要表现为双向交错层理.本文通过对徐家圈组指向沉积构造所显示的古水流资料进行研究,综合分析了香山群徐家圈组沉积时浊 流方向和古斜坡方向,并利用古水流资料探讨了内波流和内潮汐流的方向.结果表明,槽模古水流方向从北向南略呈扇形发散状,代表了沉积时的浊流方向;交错层 理古水流方向主要分散在NWW—NE之间,可以代表内波流和内潮汐流方向.对古水流平面分布特征进行综合分析,可以判断出沉积时区域斜坡方向与浊流方向基 本一致,大致为SSW向,沉积时内波和内潮汐的传播方向则大致为NW向.

Deep-water deposits in Xujiajuan Formation of Xiangshan Group is made up of gray-green, yellow-green, fine- to medium-grained sandstone, calcareous sandstone, siltstone and shale（slate）with slightly metamorphic. Combined-flow-ripple lamination and quasi-planar lamination and asymmetric small-scale hummocky cross stratification are found in medium beds calcareous siltstone interlayer in gray-green shale of the upper part, and the small-scale ripple marks which suggests the sedimentary characteristics of combined-flow in both their shapes and distribution of wave length and wave height are also found on the top surface of gray-green medium to thick feldspar-quartz sandstone of the lower part. In this paper, the interpretation of: (1) the evolution of small-scale 2-D ripple marks to 3-D ripple marks; and (2) the sequence of combined-flow ripple lamination, quasi-planar lamination and small-scale hummocky cross stratification as well as the relationship between the flow direction suggests by lamina of cross bedding and the turbidity current direction while deposited according to: (1) the combined-flow bed-phase diagram summarized from flume experiments and observation of modem marine deposit; and (2) the combined-flow deposition cartoon was given by previous researchers from the ancient deposition of combined-flow which is produced by hyperpycnal flows and waves in relatively shallow water. The result shows that the combined-flow ripple lamination and quasi-planar lamination and asymmetric small-scale hummocky cross stratification exist in Xujiajuan Formation are produced by combined-flow, and we interpret the combined-flow as a interaction of high frequency internal wave and turbidity current according to the deposition of internal wave. This perhaps is the first discovery of deep-water sedimentary structure of combined-flow origin as well as the combined-flow deposition produced by internal wave and turbidity current.

宁夏香山群徐家圈组是由灰绿、黄绿色轻变质中-细粒砂岩、钙质砂岩及粉砂岩和页岩（板岩）组成的深水沉积。在上部灰绿色页岩所夹的中层钙质粉砂岩中发现了复合流层理、准平行层理、不对称小型丘状交错层理；在下部灰绿色厚层-块状中-细粒长石石英砂岩的顶面发现了小型波痕，波痕的形态、波长与波高的分布规律均表现出复合流的沉积特征。本文根据水槽实验和现代海洋沉积观测所总结出的复合流底床相图和前人在研究地层中较浅海浊流（超重流）与波浪所形成的复合流沉积时给出的复合流沉积示意图，分别对徐家圈组所发现的①小型2-D波痕至小型3-D波痕的演化和②复合流痕、平行层理、准平行层理和小型丘状交错层理的叠置关系及其纹层所反映的流动方向与沉积时浊流方向的关系，进行了解释。结果表明，所发现的复合流层理、准平行层理、不对称小型丘状交错层理及小型波痕应为复合流沉积，并依据徐家圈组存在内波沉积的事实，推测为深水高频内波与浊流形成的复合流沉积。这可能是地层中深水复合流沉积构造的首次发现，同时也是内波与浊流形成的复合流沉积的首次发现。

The discovery of the large sedimentary-waves in deep water, caused the generations and the developments of internal-waves both home and abroad. The study shows that internal-waves can shape the sediments on seafloor and form orientating sedimentary structure. This kind of structure includes single-direction, double-directions and multi-directions. Maybe the returning structure is the special character of internal-waves. LaFond s' theory about the gener- ation of this kind of structure is widely accepted. The theory indicates that the velocity of bottom currents formed by internal-waves is reverse ratio to the distance between the density interface and the seabed. Return ing transport is the main trends of internal-waves because the trough ofwave is close to the seafloor. The research conc ludes that in ternal-waves are similar homology of surface-waves and the genera tion of the orientating sedimentary structure formed by internal-wave can be exp lained clearly by the general fluctuation theory successfully. The generationmechanism of orientating sed imentary structure is very important to the recognition of the internal- waves sediments

深海大型沉积物波的发现,引起了国内外内波成因理论的兴起和发展。研究认为,内波作用于海底时可对海底沉积物进行改造,形成指向沉积构造,这种指向沉积构造可为单向、双向或多向,而其中与内波传播方向相反的反向沉积构造可能是内波沉积所特有的。对于这种反向沉积构造的形成,以LaFond的理论为代表,认为内波引起的底流水平流速反比于密度界面距海底的高度,波谷接近海底,因而可形成反向沉积构造。经研究分析,发现内波与表面波在本质上具有一定的相似性,因而认为用一般意义上的波动理论来解释内波沉积中指向沉积构造的形成机理更加易于理解。明确指向沉积构造的形成机理对于内波沉积的识别具有重要意义。

Tow sediment wave fields are developed in a depth zone of about 1 000-1 100m in the north-eastern Rockall Trough.Their wavelengths vary from 1 to 2 km and waveheights from 18 to 20 m,covering area of 350km2 and 20km2 respectively.Sedment waves migrate upslope and include generally an upslope climbing,asymmetry upslope and sinusoidal shape in stratigraphic section.The conclusions proposed by former scholars that sediment waves of large area were formed by the overflow moving from the Norwegian Ses and the Lee-Wave modle has caused the upslope migration of the sediment waves of small area have many problems.Considering the paleoclimate and paleocirculation,internal waves coul be generated in study area while every unit of the sediment waves was being formed.The formation of internal waves is related to contour currents closely.Resonnable hydrolic mechanism of sediment waves formation can be obtained accord-ing to the theory of internal wave.Generated under different paleoclimatic and paleocirculative conditions,the combining of two internal waves propagating toward the same direction,unique internal wave and internal stand wave which inter-sected sea floor successively would form a general basal climbing,intermidiate asymmetric and upper sinusoidal shape in stratigraphic section.

北大西洋洛克尔海槽东北部水深约1 000～ 1 000 m 处有两个大型沉积物波发育区。波长1 ～ 2 km，波高18 ～ 20 m，分布面积分别为350 km 2 与 20 km 2。沉积物波向上坡迁移，内部包括上攀床形单元、不对称波形单元及正弦波形单元。前人提出的大区沉积物波挪威海底层水溢流成因及小区沉积物Lee波迁移模式都存在许多问题。根据古气候及古洋流资料，研究区内沉积物波各单元形成时具备内波形成的条件，内波的发育与等深流的活动密切相关。运用内波理论可对沉积物波各构成单元作出合理的水动力学解释，研究区内两列同向内波的叠加、单列内波及内驻波先后作用海底，可分别形成大型上攀床形、不对称波形及正弦波形单元。

Deep-water sediment waves are wavy depositional bodies of large-scale, which are well developed on the seafloor. They have been universally interpreted as contour-current deposits or turbidity–current deposits. Incorporated with the new development of the theory of internal waves, the generation mechanism of deep-water sediment waves by internal waves has been studied on the basis of the hydrodynamics of internal-wave deposition. Several conditions have been generalized as follows: 1）Using submarine flows only to interpret the origin of sediment waves can’t meet the require of velocity and thickness of flow sediments to form large sediment waves. 2) Internal waves can induce bottom currents and form depositional bedforms of larger scale than those formed by surface waves. 3) Internal waves can build sediment waves of large scale. The origin of sinusoidal, asymmetric and climbing wavy units of sediment waves can be reasonably interpreted by internal waves alone. The sediment waves of sinusoidal wavy shape can be formed either by the progressive internal waves propagating along the interface which is relatively high above the seafloor or by standing internal waves. Sediment waves of asymmetric wavy shape can be formed either by the progressive internal waves propagating along the interfaces near the seafloor or internal solitary waves. When the internal wave-induced bottom currents increase further, the sediment waves of climbing wavy shape should be formed. 4) The progressive internal waves can build large sediment waves that migrate in the opposite direction of the propagating direction of the internal waves. The progressive internal waves propagating toward the deep-sea basins can build large sediment waves with the up-slope migrating direction. This is the reason why sediment waves well developed on the seafloor migrate mainly up-slope.

深水沉积物波是一种海底普遍发育、规模较大的波状沉积体,大多数学者将它们解释为等深流沉积或浊流沉积。本文结合内波理论的研究进展，考虑内波沉积作用的水动力学特征，探讨了深水沉积物波的内波成因机制。得出以下几点认识：①海底流动单独作用无法满足沉积物波形成所需的流动层厚度及流动速度，较难解释沉积物波的迁移方向及规则的内部及外部形态。②内波可以引起海底流动，内波比表面波更容易形成更大规模范围内的沉积床形。③内波可以形成大型沉积物波，用内波可以较合理地解释内波的对称波形单元、非对称波形单元及上攀波形单元的成因。波动面离海底距离较大的行进内波及内驻波可以形成对称波形的沉积物波；波动面离海底距离较近的行进内波及内孤立波可以形成非对称波形的沉积物波；内波引起的海底流动进一步增强时，可形成上攀波形沉积物波。④行进内波可以形成向内波传播相反方向迁移的沉积物波，向海盆内部传播的内波可以形成向上坡方向迁移的沉积物波。