In order to interpret continental responses to globally climatic cooling in the EoceneOligocene, we have studied the paleolake features of Fushun Basin, an Eocene faultdepression basin in NE China, through measuring actual strata profiles in the fields and indoor sample testing. The analysis of rock facies, facies indicators and rock thinsections suggests the evolution history of sedimentary facies in Eocene, Fushun Basin. Sedimentary subfacies vary as: lake and marshlandshallow lacustrinehalf deep lacustrinedeep lacustrine half deep lacustrineshallow lacustrine, with the water depth varying as: shallowdeepshallow. On the basis of contents of trace elements (B, Mn, Ti, Co, Cr, Ni, V), element contents ratios (Sr/Ba, V/（V+Ni）, Ni/ Co, ωFe2O3/ωFeO) and ratios of oxides, we point out that there was an abrupt climatic change from early Eocene to late Eocene in Fushun Basin. In the early Eocene, climate was moisture and good for coral forming. While, in the middlelate Eocene, climate changed into drier and made contribution into the interbedding between marlite forming in saline and halfsaline water and clay shale. In general, our study shows that the climate changed from moisture to dry in EoceneOligocene.

通过野外实测剖面及室内测试分析等方法，对始新世断陷盆地抚顺盆地的古湖泊开展研究，其主要目的是揭示始新世—渐新世全球变冷气候在大陆的响应。野外岩性、相标志及岩石薄片分析表明，抚顺盆地始新统沉积相演化规律主要表现从湖沼亚相—浅湖亚相—半深湖亚相—深湖亚相—半深湖亚相—浅湖亚相，水体深度变化总体表现为由浅—深—浅的过程。借助B、Mn、Ti、Co、Cr、Ni、V等微量元素含量以及Sr/Ba、V/（V+Ni）、Ni/Co、ωFe2O3/ωFeO〖JP2〗等元素和氧化物比值分析，得出抚顺盆地从始新世早期到晚期气候发生了明显的变化，始新世早期主要为湿润的成煤气候，始新世中期的计军屯组则显示了半湿润气候，到了始新世的中晚期则出现了干燥的气候条件，形成了半咸水—咸水的一套泥灰岩与泥页岩互层的干旱气候演化。总体有从始新世向渐新世，气候由湿润向干燥变化的规律。

Jiangling depression is a fault basin formed on the Yanshan folded basement of Late Jurassic under the depression setting of Late Cretaceous-Paleogene.The structural Pattern has the characteristics of zoning in NE and blocking in NW.The evolution of the basin can be divided into 3 stages:formation of an elongational fault basin during Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene;formation of a fault basin buring Middle Eocene-Late Eocene;formation of a reverse structure and uplifting and erosion during Late Paleogene-Later.The mudstone with middle deep lake facies is deposited in the lower interval of Xingouzui formation at the early stage of Early Eocene and the 3rd-4th intervals of Qianjiang formation at the early stage of Late Eocene.The supreme thick mudstone with lake facies in the Qianjiang formation constitues a regional seal with high quality due to the relatively stable subsiding center.The distributions of source rock and reservoir rock,the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons are controlled by structural evolution,thus the reservoirs are characterized by multi layer series and late formation of pools.The favorable zones for bydrocarbon accumulation include:① inherited paleo uplifts;② peripheral fault nose and fault anticline traps of the deperession with rich hydrocarbons;③ cross points of structural stress.The above conditions show that Jiangling depression is of splendid exploration prospects.

江陵凹陷是在侏罗纪末期燕山变形褶皱基底上形成的晚白垩-下第三系的凹陷背景下的断陷盆地,具有NE分带、NW分块的构造格局。盆地形成演化经历了第一期伸展断陷盆地的形成(晚白垩纪-早始新世)、第二期断陷盆地形成(中始新世-晚始新世)、后期反转构造的形成及抬升剥蚀阶段(古近纪末)。早始新世早期新沟嘴组下段与晚始新世早期潜江组三-四段充填了半深湖-深湖相的泥岩,由于沉降中心相对稳定,潜江组优质厚层湖相泥岩构成其良好的区域盖层。构造演化控制了烃源岩、储集岩的分布及油气运移和聚集,油藏具有多层系晚期成藏特征,有利油气聚集带:①继承性古隆起;②富烃洼陷周缘断鼻、断背斜型圈闭;③构造应力的交汇处。上述条件决定了江陵凹陷具有良好的勘探前景。

There were cyclothems consisted of evaporite rocks,deep color mudstones or shales and deep water turbidity sediments of Peleogene Sha-4 member in Dongying sag,which was salt lake sedimentary assemblage with more than 1000m in thickness.The evaporite rocks consisted of halite and anhydrite rocks mainly existed in north and centre of Dongying sag where the deep fractures developed.The fossil assemblage indicated that the climate was semi-dry and semi-moist in Paleogene Sha-4 member in Dongying sag.Analyzed the sedimentary characteristics and depositional conditions,the authors considered that the brine in deep water was the substance basis of the salt sediment,the salt in deep strata was the source of brine and the deep fractures in the north of the sag were the paths where the salt substance entered the developing sag.The deep water genesis model of salt lake in Dongpu sag which can be compared with that of Lake Kivu,was put forward after the discussion.The new field in subsalt strata exploration can be found on the basis of the lithofacies assemblage of source rock and evaporite rock.

东营凹陷下第三系沙四段广泛发育的蒸发岩类与暗色泥、页岩和深水浊积砂体呈现明显韵律层,为厚度达千米的盐湖沉积。通过分析了该地区蒸发岩地层的沉积特征和沉积条件,认为东营凹陷沙四段蒸发岩类的物质基础是深层卤水 深部古老地层中的盐类物质是其盐源 凹陷中北部的同沉积深大断裂是沟通凹陷与地壳深部盐类物质的通道。在此基础上提出东营凹陷沙四段盐湖的深水成因模式,可与东非裂谷基伍湖和东濮凹陷下第三系深水成因盐湖对比。

Saline  lake  sediments  are characterized by  multi-stage  and  long peroid of salt  formation,  continuous  sedimentation  and  cyclicity  of  salinization-desalinization,  so  they  are  an  important  research  object  with  respect  to  the  reconstruction  of  palaeoclimate  and  the  study  of  global  change.  Take  for  example  the  salt  rhythms  of  the  Qianjiang  Formation  in  the  Qianjiang  Sag  of  the  Jianghan  Basin  (which  is  a  typical  Paleogene  saline  lacustrine  basin  in  eastern  China,  through  a  detailed  study  on  cores,  the  authors  have   determined for  the  first  time the Ⅳ-order  salt  rhythm  based  on  Ⅰ-,Ⅱ-and Ⅲ-order  salt  rhythms  which were determined  previously  and  got  to  know  that  the  sedimentary process followed the  primary  balanced  sequence  of desalinizing →salinizing  and  crystallization  of  salt  minerals  from  halite  rock → (mud-bearing) glauberite  rock → dolomite-bearing mudstone  (mud-bearing dolomite)→ mudstone → dolomite → glauberite rock → halite rock. The  authors  also  analyzed  the  grade Ⅳ-order  salt  rhythm  and  the  correspondence  its  sedimentary records and the  fluctuation  of  the  palaeosalinity  of  waters  and  the  short-scale  (0.05 – 1.0 ka  duration)  change  of  dry-moist  palaeoclimate.  According  to  the  wide  developmentof  the typical  warm-phase  salt  minerals  such  as  primary  glauberite  and  its  thin  bed  in  the Qianjiang  Formation,  it  may  be  inferred  that  the  dry  palaeoclimate  in  the  drainage  area  of  the  Jianghan  Basin  during  the  Late  Eocene  to  Early  Oligocene  was  of    warm-dry  type,  rather  than  of  cold-dry  type.

盐湖沉积具有成盐多期性和长期性、沉积连续性、淡化—咸化周期性等特色，因而成为在恢复古气候环境、进行全球变化研究的重要研究对象之一。本文以我国东部独具特色的古近纪古盐湖盆地——江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组盐韵律为例，通过对王平1等3口井连续取心段的精细研究，在前人划分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级盐韵律的基础上，首次划分出组成含盐层系基础韵律单元——Ⅳ级盐韵律，弄清了其沉积过程基本遵循从盐岩→（含泥）钙芒硝岩→含云泥岩（含泥云岩）→泥岩→白云岩→钙芒硝岩→盐岩的淡化—咸化序列和盐类矿物的析出顺序；解析了Ⅳ级盐韵律及其沉积组合记录与水体古盐度波动和短尺度（0.05ka —1.0ka）古气候干—湿变化之间的对应关系。根据典型暖相盐类矿物原生钙芒硝及其薄层在潜江组中广泛发育，可以推断江汉盆地流域在晚始新世—早渐新世潜江组沉积期间，所出现的干旱古气候背景属于暖旱型而非寒旱型。

Saline lake deposits are the product of the physicographical and geological environments where they are located. All the stages, from their formahon to development retain the informahon of their surrounding envirorunents, including the information of the stage of salinizahon that lacustrine and swampy facies are short of Therefore salt deposits have the holographic characterishcs for the changes of lacustrine environment. Especially very mick salt deposits record related information about frequent altemation of different saline deposits and dry/wet and cold/ warm paleoclimahc changes. Quaternary saline lakes are widely distributed in China. Thirteen provinces and autonomous regions have recent saline lakes and underground clashc brine lakes. In some areas, saline lake deposits occur throughout the Quatemary and have the characterishcs of multiple stages, long term, continuity of deposihon,rhythmicity of freshening and salinizing and direchonal migration and spreading.Saline lake deposits are the product of arid （warm or cold） climate zones. But there are differences in saline minerals and assemblages between them. So the assemblages of saline deposits that reflect different paleotemperatures can be treated as an effective indicahon for recovering paleoclimate. On the basis of this knowledge and the theory and metrhod of salinology （the study of saline lake science）, saline minerlas can be divided into three types：cold saline mineral, warm saline mineral and eurythermal saline dineral. In combination with the relations of cold and warm recent saline lake sediments with climate where they are located and rules of salting-out for different types of salt-water system, some typical cold and warm climate factors of continental salt deposits can be stimmarized as follows: （1） Typical cold-stable mirabilite deposit： It is located in subarid or arid zones of the frigid zone, subfrigid zone and medium temperate zone. The average annual temperature is below zero （below - 7～0℃）. （2） Typical warm-stable thenardite deposit or fluorite and bloedite-bearing bed：it is located in arid areas of the subtropical-tropical zone and equator. The average annual temperature is 16～25℃. （3） Transitional deposit：It is composed mainly of eurythermal mineral trona, which reflects a larger range of temperatures and located in the warm-medium temperate zone. The average annual temperature is approximately 6～8℃ and over.On the basis of the hydrochemical data of 350 saline lakes in China, the authors have compiled a map of hydrochemical zones of saline lakes of China. It shows： （1） Saline lake regions of chloride-sulfate type, mainly located in arid or extremely arid areas. （2）Saline lake regions of sodium sulfate subtype, mainly located in arid zones of different climatic zones. （3） Saline lake regions of carbonate type, located between the above tWo types of zones. They are always in accordance with the subarid zones of the temperate, subtropics or tropic zones, or with the alternating-area of dry and wet monsoons.From the angle of evolution of saline lake deposits, the region of Qaidam-eastern Tarim in western China is the center of saline deposits since the Quaternary in China.From an analysis of air temperatures, there have been 9 violent cold and dry events,10 cold and slightly dry events and 8 warm and slightly dry events since the Quaternary. The average air temperature of the violent cold and dry events is 6～11℃ lower than that of the present And that of the warm and slightly dry events is 8～10℃ higher than that of the present.Since Quaternary, there have been six spreading stages of arid climate （salinization） with Qaidam-eastern Tarim as the center： Stage I （2.36～2.00Ma B. P.）; Stage II （1.62～1.00Ma B. P.）, Stage III （0.90～0.60Ma B. P.）; Stage IV （34 000 or 31 000～21 000a B. P.）, Stage V （18 000～5 000a B. P.）, Stage VI（4 500a B. P.～the present day）.

笔者通过国内第四纪盐湖沉积的长期实地考察以及盐湖长期科学观察站的实验研究，并结合国内外大量盐湖沉积实验研究资料，以比较盐湖沉积学的理论和方法，将盐湖沉积划分为冷相、暖相和广温相，揭示现代全球盐湖水化学类型分带与气候分区的一致性；指出我国第四纪存在6次干旱(成盐)扩张期；识别出中国第四纪干旱中心19个明显的强冷偏湿-冷干事件及8个明显的暖偏湿-暖干事件，并推算其古气温变化范围。