柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系物源分析

李俊武, 杨承锦, 李凤杰, 吴永良, 代廷勇. (2015)柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系物源分析[J]. 古地理学报, 17(2): 186-197
Li Junwu, Yang Chengjin, Li Fengjie, Wu Yongliang, Dai Tingyong. (2015)Provenance analysis of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal Of Palaeogeography, 17(2): 186-197. DOI:10.7605/gdlxb.2015.02.016 复制到剪切板

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柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系物源分析

李俊武¹, 杨承锦¹, 李凤杰¹, 吴永良², 代廷勇¹

1 成都理工大学沉积地质研究院,四川成都 610059

2 中国石油青海油田分公司石油勘探开发研究院,甘肃敦煌 736202

通讯作者简介李凤杰,男,1972年生,教授,主要从事沉积学和地层学研究。E-mail: lifengjie72@163.com。

第一作者简介李俊武,男,1988年生,成都理工大学沉积地质研究院硕士研究生,专业为沉积学及层序地层学研究。

收稿日期:2014-08-26

摘要

物源分析是沉积盆地研究的重要内容之一。在对柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系相关资料调研的基础之上,对研究区碎屑岩的碎屑组分、岩屑类型、重矿物组合、砂地比和阴极发光平面分布特征进行分析,并结合地震资料,确定出研究区新近系物源方向:鄂博梁Ⅰ号构造带物源主要来自于北部的阿尔金山,而位于其西部的东坪构造带与鄂博梁Ⅰ号构造带物源区不同,其具有相对独立的物源区;鄂博梁Ⅱ号构造带属于混源区,同时受到2个方向物源的影响,分别是北部的阿尔金山方向和东北部的小赛什腾山方向,前者穿过鄂博梁Ⅰ号构造带到达该地区,是主要的物源区,后者穿过冷湖一、二、三号构造带到达该地区,为次要物源区;鄂博梁Ⅲ号构造带物源主要来自于东北方向的赛什腾山,其是穿过冷湖六、七号构造带到达该地区的,并未受到来自南八仙方向 “古鱼卡大型古河流三角洲”物源的控制。

关键词: 柴达木盆地; 鄂博梁地区; 物源分析; 新近系

中图分类号:P588.21 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1671-1505(2015)02-0186-12

Provenance analysis of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

Li Junwu¹, Yang Chengjin¹, Li Fengjie¹, Wu Yongliang², Dai Tingyong¹

1 Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan

2 Exploration and Development Research Institute,Qinghai Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Dunhuang 736202,Gansu

About the corresponding author Li Fengjie,born in 1972,is a professor in Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology. He is engaged in sedimentology and stratigraphy. E-mail: lifengjie72@163.com.

About the first author Li Junwu,born in 1988,is a master degree candidate in Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology. He majors in sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy.

Abstract

Provenance analysis is an important aspect of basin analysis. Based on the analyses of detrital composition,lithic type,heavy mineral assemblage,sandstone thickness ratio,cathodoluminescence and seismic data,the provenance of Eboliang area in Qaidam Basin during the Neogene has been studied and recognized:The provenance of Eboliang No.Ⅰ structure mainly comes from the Altyn Tagh Mountain in the north. The Dongping structure belt in the west and Eboliang No.Ⅰ structure have relatively independent provenance. Eboliang No.Ⅱ structure is in mixed provenance area,which is influenced by two source directions. The main provenance is from the Altyn Tagh Mountain in the north through Eboliang No.Ⅰ structure. The other is from Xiaosaishiteng Mountain in the northeast of study area through Lenghu No.1,2 and 3 structures. Provenance of Eboliang No.Ⅲ structure mainly comes from Saishiteng Mountain in the northeast to study area through Lenghu No.6 and Lenghu No.7 structures,without the influence by ancient Yuka large fluvial-dominated delta from Nanbaxian direction.

Key words: Qaidam Basin; Eboliang area; provenance analysis; Neogene

Show Figures

1 概述

鄂博梁构造带位于柴达木盆地中北部, 构造上属于柴北缘走滑冲断系内部的次级走滑构造(和钟铧等, 2002), 呈北西— 南东向展布, 南部与一里坪坳陷相邻, 北部与昆特依凹陷和伊北凹陷为界, 包括Ⅰ 号、Ⅱ 号、Ⅲ 号共3个构造带(图 1)。该区地质条件十分复杂, 地史过程中沉积中心不断变迁, 后期构造运动改造作用强烈, 断裂极为发育(赵加凡等, 2004)。

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	图1 柴达木盆地北缘构造带分布及研究区位置Fig.1 Structural units in northern margin of Qaidam Basin and location of study area

研究区西北部、北部、东北部被阿尔金山、小赛什腾山和赛什腾山等老山环绕, 物源供给极其复杂, 因此厘清物源方向是研究该区沉积相和砂体展布方向的前提和基础。该区的研究成果虽然较多, 但多以沉积相、储集层特征(李宏义等, 2006; 李凤杰等, 2009, 2012; 刘殿鹤等, 2009; 孙国强等, 2012)研究为主, 物源方面的研究成果很少。目前, 对于鄂博梁地区新近系物源方向存在以下几点认识:(1)普遍的观点均认为, 鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带物源来自其西北部的阿尔金山并向南东方向延伸; (2)鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带的物源是来自鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造, 还是来自于小赛什腾山及冷湖一、二、三号构造带方向, 仍然存在分歧; (3)鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带的物源方向分歧最大, 体现在该地区物源是来自东北部冷湖六号和冷湖七号构造方向、还是受到东部南八仙方向的“ 古鱼卡大型古河流三角洲” 物源的控制方面。随着该区油气勘探的不断深入, 钻井取心资料和地震剖面解译成果逐渐增多, 这为分析该区新近系物源方向提供了大量基础资料。在此背景之下, 针对该地区物源存在的众多分歧, 文中主通过对轻、重矿物组合特征、砂地比、阴极发光特征和地震资料等的综合分析, 对鄂博梁地区新近系的物源方向进行了深入分析和探讨, 从而为该区的油气勘探提供帮助。

2 地层特征

柴达木盆地古近系和新近系地层发育齐全, 其中古近系包括路乐河组(E₁₊₂)、下干柴沟组(E₃); 新近系自下而上可划分为上干柴沟组(N₁)、下油砂山组( $\begin{matrix} {N_{2}}^{1} \end{matrix}$ )、上油砂山组( $\begin{matrix} {N_{2}}^{2} \end{matrix}$ )和狮子沟组( $\begin{matrix} {N_{2}}^{3} \end{matrix}$ )。路乐河组和下干柴沟组沉积时期为湖盆扩张期, 至上干柴沟组沉积时期湖泊扩张到最大, 之后的下油砂山组至狮子沟组沉积时期为湖盆的萎缩、消亡期(李凤杰等, 2012)。新近系为三角洲— 湖泊沉积, 主要由褐色砾岩、砂岩以及粉砂岩和泥岩组成, 粗粒沉积物中发育典型的浪成波痕和交错层理, 泥质岩中见水平层理。

3 物源分析

3.1 碎屑组分和岩屑类型特征

3.1.1 碎屑组分平面变化规律

以研究区30口井岩心薄片鉴定资料为依据, 通过碎屑组分石英、长石和岩屑的组成特征, 参考石英、长石和岩屑在搬运过程中的含量变化, 可以将鄂博梁地区的碎屑组分组合分为7个区域(图 2)。东坪地区(区域Ⅰ )以长石、石英含量高组合为主, 其中石英、长石和岩屑平均含量分别达到51%、40%和9%; 鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带(区域Ⅱ )石英、长石和岩屑平均含量分别为51%、30%和19%。从碎屑组分含量上比较表明, 东坪地区与鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带存在不同的物源区。在鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带内靠近阿尔金山附近的牛2井、鄂Ⅰ -2井和鄂3井样品碎屑组分中长石、岩屑含量略高于远离阿尔金山的鄂2井, 而石英含量比鄂2井略高, 由此可得出鄂博梁Ⅰ 号和Ⅱ 号构造带物源具有一定的相关性。冷湖三号构造带(区域Ⅲ )碎屑组分特征为石英含量较低、仅为18%, 岩屑和长石含量较高、分别达52%和30%。潜山地区、冷湖四号和冷湖五号构造带(区域Ⅳ )石英、长石和岩屑的平均含量分别为20%、53%和27%, 由此说明潜山地区、冷湖四号、冷湖五号构造带物源与冷湖三号构造带不同。将葫芦山构造带(区域Ⅴ )的碎屑成分与冷湖三号、冷湖四号、冷湖五号构造带以及潜山地区的碎屑成分相比较发现, 葫芦山构造带石英含量增加, 长石和岩屑含量都相对减小, 由此说明葫芦山构造带物源来自于其北部的冷湖三、四、五号构造带。冷湖六、七号构造带(区域Ⅵ )在靠近赛什腾山附近的东台1井和平中1井中碎屑成分以岩屑、长石组合为主, 二者平均含量总计为75%, 但在靠近鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带的冷七1、冷七2及冷六1井中石英、长石和岩屑含量近似相等, 在鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带的鄂7井、鄂深1井和鄂深2井中的碎屑成分相对冷湖六号、冷湖七号构造带而言, 石英含量增加, 长石、岩屑含量减小, 由此说明冷湖六、七号构造带物源与鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带物源有相关性。南八仙地区(区域Ⅶ )位于研究区的东部, 碎屑成分展布特征显示, 该区为石英、岩屑组合区, 与鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带碎屑成分存在明显差异, 因此二者物源相对独立。

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	图2 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系碎屑组分平面变化规律及物源方向Fig.2 Clastic components and provenance direction of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

上述碎屑组分组合分区表明, 鄂博梁地区新近系存在多个方向的物源(图 2):(1)东坪地区物源来自于阿尔金山中部; (2)鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带物源来自阿尔金山东部; (3)冷湖一、二、三号构造带物源来自小赛什腾山西北部; 潜山地区和冷湖四、五号构造带物源来自小赛什腾山方向; (4)来自小赛什腾山和冷湖一、二、三号构造带的物源穿过葫芦山构造带到达鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带; (5)冷湖六号和七号构造带物源来自赛什腾山方向, 其又是鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带的主要物源区; (6)南八仙地区存在独立的物源。

3.1.2 岩屑类型特征

碎屑岩中的岩屑是保持母岩结构的矿物集合体, 类型与物源区的母岩性质密切相关, 是物源区的直接反映(申延平等, 2006, 陈全红等, 2009)。因此, 通过分析盆地不同地区的岩屑类型及含量, 可以为物源分析提供准确的资料。

研究区不同构造区带上的岩屑组合类型存在明显差异。由于碳酸盐岩岩屑的含量变化明显, 能直观反映物源区的特征, 因此在岩屑鉴定中对其进行单独识别(故文中的其他类型沉积岩岩屑均剔除碳酸盐岩岩屑)。根据鄂博梁地区岩屑类型及其含量的变化, 可将研究区物源划分为7不同区域(图 3):东坪地区(区域Ⅰ )岩屑类型主要为变质岩岩屑、碳酸盐岩岩屑, 岩浆岩岩屑少量到极少, 缺少其他类型沉积岩岩屑; 鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带(区域Ⅱ )岩屑类型主要为变质岩岩屑、碳酸盐岩岩屑和其他类型沉积岩岩屑, 因该区沉积岩岩屑发育, 而其西侧的东坪地区不发育沉积岩岩屑, 故二者物源存在差异; 靠近阿尔金山的鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带不发育岩浆岩岩屑而发育碳酸盐岩岩屑, 但在其东侧的昆特伊和冷湖三、四和五号构造带却发育岩浆岩岩屑而缺乏碳酸盐岩岩屑, 表明鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带物源只受到来自阿尔金山地区的物源影响; 冷湖一至五号构造带(区域Ⅲ )与潜山地区(区域Ⅳ )的岩屑类型虽然相同, 但含量变化较大, 说明二者具有不同的物源; 位于其南部的葫芦山构造带(区域Ⅴ )岩屑类型及含量兼具冷湖三号和潜山地区的特征, 岩屑类型为变质岩岩屑、岩浆岩岩屑和其他类型沉积岩岩屑, 说明冷湖三号构造带与潜山地区的物源到都可到达葫芦山构造带, 同时在远离阿尔金山的鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带中亦见到岩浆岩岩屑, 表明鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带还受到来自葫芦山构造带的物源影响; 冷湖六号、七号构造带(区域Ⅵ )岩屑类型以变质岩岩屑、碳酸盐岩岩屑为主, 其以极少量的其他类型沉积岩岩屑和岩浆岩岩屑而区别于冷湖五号构造带; 南八仙地区(区域Ⅶ )岩屑类型为变质岩岩屑、岩浆岩岩屑和少量碳酸盐岩岩屑, 其以其他类型沉积岩岩屑含量小而与冷湖七号构造带差别较大, 表明二者物源不同。

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	图3 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系岩屑组合特征及物源方向Fig.3 Lithic assemblages and provenance direction of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

通过岩屑组合特征可以看出, 鄂博梁地区新近系存在以下物源方向(图 3):(1)东坪地区物源来自于阿尔金山中部; (2)鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带物源来自阿尔金山东部; (3)冷湖一、二、三号构造带物源来小自赛什腾山西北部, 潜山地区和冷湖四、五号构造带物源来自小赛什腾山; 而来自小赛什腾山和其西北部的物源可穿过葫芦山构造带到达鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带; (4)来自赛什腾山方向的物源穿过冷湖六号和七号构造带到达鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带, 其是鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带的主要物源区; (5)南八仙地区存在独立的物源, 且该物源不能到达鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带。

3.2 重矿物分布特征

重矿物是指碎屑岩中相对密度大于2.86 g/cm³的陆源碎屑矿物, 其在岩石中的含量很小, 一般不超过1%(施振生等, 2011; 王艳清等, 2012)。重矿物是物源变化极为敏感的指示剂(赵红格和刘池洋, 2003; 施振生等, 2011), 即随着沉积物搬运距离的增加, 不稳定重矿物相对含量逐渐减小, 稳定重矿物相对含量逐渐增大, 同时重矿物的组合类型也相应发生变化, 故可根据重矿物组合特征及稳定性的差异来指示沉积物的搬运方向(和钟铧等, 2001; 赵澄林和朱筱敏, 2004)。根据稳定性特征, 可以将重矿物划分为超稳定至极不稳定共5个等级(操应长等, 2011), 若矿物抵抗风化的能力弱, 则其分布局限, 当远离物源区时其含量相对减少, 甚至消失(胡宗全等, 2001; 操应长等, 2011)。

对鄂博梁地区岩心样本鉴定及统计的结果表明, 重矿物组合在平面上有一定的分布规律, 不同地区中各类型重矿物含量差别较大, 并据此可以分为7个区域(图 4):(1)东坪地区:重矿物组合为磁铁矿+石榴石+锆石, 三者的总含量占84%; (2)鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带:重矿物组合为石榴石+磁铁矿+锆石+白钛矿, 占重矿物含量的89%; (3)冷湖三号构造带:重矿物组合为磁铁矿+石榴石+绿帘石, 总含量占80%; (4)潜山地区和冷湖四、五号构造带的特征重矿物组合为绿帘石+角闪石, 含量占70%; (5)葫芦山构造带重矿物组合为石榴石+磁铁矿+绿帘石, 平均含量占74%; (6)冷湖六、七号构造带:重矿物组合为磁铁矿+锆石+石榴石, 平均含量占88%; (7)南八仙地区:重矿物组合为石榴石+锆石+白钛矿, 平均含量占63%。

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	图4 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系重矿物组合特征及物源方向Fig.4 Heavy mineral assemblages and provenance direction of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

根据重矿物的分区特征, 推测鄂博梁地区新近系存在多个物源区:(1)阿尔金山物源区:该区包括东坪构造带和鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带。根据二者重矿物组合特征的差异, 可判定二者物源来自不同的方向, 东坪地区物源来自于阿尔金山中部, 相应的钻井是东坪1井、东坪3井及牛参1井等, 鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带物源来自阿尔金山东部, 相应的钻井是牛2井、鄂3井、鄂Ⅰ -2井和鄂2井等。(2)小赛什腾山与赛什腾山物源区:该区包括冷湖三至七号构造带, 对应的钻井包括冷六1井、冷七1井、冷七2井、冷七3井、冷四1井、潜参1井、潜参2井、深85井及冷89井等。冷湖三至五号构造带及潜山地区的重矿物组合中可见到大量绿帘石和角闪石等不稳定矿物, 说明搬运距离较短、离物源区较近, 物源主要来自小赛什腾山; 葫芦山构造带重矿物组合特征兼具冷湖一、二、三号构造带及潜山地区特征, 说明来自小赛什腾山及其西北方向的物源可到达葫芦山构造带并最终影响鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带; 冷湖六、七号构造带的重矿物组合是磁铁矿+锆石+石榴石, 稳定矿物含量高, 说明沉积物搬运距离长、远离物源区, 故物源主要来自赛什腾山, 且根据重矿物组合特征可推测其母岩为基性火山岩和酸性岩浆岩。(3)祁连山— 绿梁山物源区:该区主要包括南八仙构造带, 对应的钻井包括仙6井、仙7井、仙8井和仙9井, 重矿物组合是石榴石+锆石+白钛矿, 其稳定矿物含量高, 说明沉积物搬运距离长、远离物源区; 根据该重矿物组合特征推测其母岩为变质岩、酸性岩浆岩和基性火山岩。

3.3 砂地比

砂体分布体系分析是研究古物源和古水系的一个重要方法, 其原理是水系通过的地区也是砂体最为发育的地区, 具有砂岩厚度大、含量高的特点。物源研究中的砂地比等值线图, 不仅是对物源体系的反证, 而且能够更精细地刻画物源推进方向和展布特征, 完善物源体系研究(黄传炎等, 2009; 丛琳和马世忠, 2010; 袁淑琴等, 2013)。鉴于此, 通过对研究区新近系砂地比统计分析, 来研究鄂博梁地区及其周边地区的古物源方向。

通过分析鄂博梁地区及周边地区的砂地比等值线图(图5), 可将研究区分为5个区域来分析物源方向:(1)东坪地区(区域Ⅰ ):砂地比等值线沿阿尔金山中部— 东坪地区— 一里沟地区呈NW-SE向展布, 靠近阿尔金山地区砂地比最高、达到50%, 由北西至南东方向砂地比依次降低, 至一里沟地区砂地比降至10%左右; 该区域砂地比等值区呈喇叭状分布, 尖端指向南东方向。(2)鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带(区域Ⅱ ):砂地比等值线沿阿尔金山东部— 牛东地区— 鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带— 鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带呈NW-SE向展布, 靠近阿尔金山东部山前地区砂地比最高、达到50%, 由北西至南东方向砂地比依次降低, 至鄂博梁Ⅱ 构造带砂地比降至20%左右; 该区域砂地比等值区呈喇叭状, 尖端指向南东方向。(3)冷湖一至五号构造带及潜山地区(区域Ⅲ ):砂地比等值线沿小赛什腾山— 冷湖地区— 葫芦山构造呈NE-SW向展布, 砂地比依次降低, 至葫芦山构造带砂地比降至20%左右, 砂地比等值区呈喇叭状, 尖端指向南西方向, 根据砂地比等值线延伸趋势, 来自该方向的砂体可以延伸至鄂博梁Ⅱ 构造带。(4)冷湖六号、七号构造带(区域Ⅳ ):砂地比等值线沿赛什腾山— 冷湖六号、七号构造带— 鄂博梁Ⅲ 构造带呈NE-SW向展布, 砂地比由50%依次降低至10%, 砂地比等值区呈喇叭状, 尖端指向其南西方向。(5)南八仙地区(区域Ⅴ ):砂地比等值线沿鱼卡— 南八仙地区呈NE-SW方向展布, 鱼卡及马北地区砂地比为40%, 砂地比等值区呈喇叭状, 尖端指向其南西方向的南八仙地区, 在南八仙地区砂地比降低至10%左右。

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	图5 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系砂地比等值线及物源方向Fig.5 Isoline of sandstone thickness ratio and provenance direction of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

3.4 阴极发光特征

矿物的阴极发光是其成分、结构、构造等特点的直观反映(白玉奇, 2012), 是研究沉积区物质来源最有效的方法之一(郑荣才等, 2010)。研究表明, 不同长石其阴极发光颜色不同, 一般情况下, 碱性长石以亮蓝色发光为主, 斜长石多以暗蓝色为主, 正长石多发红色光, 钠长石发粉红色光, 更长石则发黄绿色光; 低温变质岩中的长石发光颜色受一定的影响, 发褐色光或近于不发光; 长石的蚀变作用、黏土化作用的不同也会对它的发光产生猝灭效应(田洪均, 1989)。因此, 长石的发光颜色可为物源分析提供支持。对研究区周围山脉中的基岩进行采样及阴极发光分析发现, 根据不同基岩中长石的发光性不同可以将周围山脉中的基岩分为4种类型(图 6):(1)来自鄂Ⅰ 011号采样点的花岗片麻岩中的长石发暗蓝色光; (2)来自鄂Ⅰ 012号采样点的黑云斜长片麻岩中的长石发暗绿色光; (3)来自鄂Ⅰ 013号采样点的黑云斜长片麻岩中的长石发亮绿色光; (4)来自鄂Ⅰ 014号采样点的钾长花岗岩中的长石发暗绿色— 暗蓝色光。

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	图6 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区物源区基岩阴极发光特征Fig.6 Cathodoluminescence features of bedrock from source area in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

通过对鄂博梁地区长石阴极发光组合特征分析, 可将研究区及周边地区的物源划分为6个区域(图 7):Ⅰ 区:鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带, 长石发暗蓝色的光, 与来自鄂Ⅰ 011采样点的花岗片麻岩中长石发光相同; Ⅱ 区:冷湖三号长石发暗蓝色— 暗绿色— 亮绿色光, 分别与来自鄂Ⅰ 012采样点、鄂Ⅰ 013采样点和鄂Ⅰ 014采样点的粗粒黑云斜长片麻岩、细粒黑云母斜长片麻岩及钾长花岗岩中的长石阴极发光特征相似; Ⅲ 区:冷湖四号、冷湖五号及潜山地区, 长石发暗绿色— 浅绿色的光; Ⅳ 区:葫芦山构造带, 长石发暗蓝色— 亮绿色的光, 兼具冷湖三、四、五构造带及潜山地区特征; Ⅴ 区:冷湖六号、七号构造带及鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带长石发浅绿色— 暗绿色的光; Ⅵ :南八仙地区长石发暗蓝色— 浅蓝色的光。

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	图7 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系阴极发光平面分布特征及物源方向指示Fig.7 Cathodoluminescence distribution and provenance direction of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

3.5 地震资料分析

地震相分析中前积地震反射特征能够揭示古水流方向, 前积层的上倾方向一般指向物源区(张金伟等, 2008; 钟玮等, 2012)。笔者通过对研究区内新近系地震资料的详细解释, 在研究区内看到大量的前积地震反射特征, 这为判断研究区物源方向提供了又一证据。鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带的E1998.5测线上可见到NW-SE向前积, 表明鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带物源是来自于NW方向的阿尔金山物源区。根据冷湖地区L822230与L85172两条测线中冲积扇体的前积方向分析, 冷湖地区新近系物源来自北西方向的阿尔金山, 沉积物流向为近NW-SE向。鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造的L00_hy182测线和L00_hy216测线上分别在 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{2} \end{matrix}$ 和 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{1} \end{matrix}$ 发现前积反射特征(图8, 图9), 这是三角洲前缘的标志, 前积方向近NE— SW向, 此现象与冷湖六号构造带的冷六1井和鄂博梁Ⅳ 号构造带的鄂深1井和鄂7井岩心中观察到的滑塌变形构造、包卷构造所反映的三角洲前缘相一致。由此分析认为, 北部的赛什腾山的物源可穿过冷湖六号和冷湖七号构造带到达鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带。

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	图8 柴达木盆地鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带L00_hy182测线上三角洲前缘前积反射特征Fig.8 Characteristics of delta front progradation reflection in seismic survey line L00_hy182 of Eboliang No.Ⅲ structure, Qaidam Basin

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	图9 柴达木盆地鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带L00_hy216测线上三角洲前缘前积反射特征Fig.9 Characteristics of delta front progradation reflection in the seismic survey line L00_hy216 of Eboliang No.Ⅲ structure, Qaidam Basin

4 鄂博梁地区新近系沉积物源方向

通过对鄂博梁地区及周边地区碎屑组合、岩屑组合、重矿物组合和长石阴极发光特征的概括对比(表 1; 图10), 可将研究区及周边地区的物源划分为5个区带:东坪地区物源来自于阿尔金山中部; 鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带物源来自在自阿尔金山东部, 鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带属混源区, 同时是受到2个方向物源影响, 分别是北部的阿尔金山方向和来自冷湖一、二、三号构造带和小赛什腾山方向, 前者来自于鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带, 是主要的物源区, 后者穿过葫芦山构造带到达鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带; 冷湖三号构造带物源来小自赛什腾山西北部, 潜山地区和冷湖四、五号构造地区物源来自小赛什腾山; 来自赛什腾山方向的物源穿过冷湖六号和七号构造带到达鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带, 是鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带的主要物源; 南八仙地区存在独立的物源, 该物源不能到达鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带。

表1 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区及周边地区新近系物源分析数据 Table1 Data for provenance analyses of the Neogene in Eboliang area and surrounding areas of Qaidam Basin

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	图10 柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系物源方向Fig.10 Provenance direction of the Neogene in Eboliang area, Qaidam Basin

5 结论

柴达木盆地鄂博梁地区新近系沉积物源比较复杂, 存在多个物源供给区, 通过对研究区碎屑组分、岩屑类型、重矿物组合、砂地比、阴极发光特征及地震资料等研究, 可最终得出如下结论:

1)东坪地区物源主要是来自阿尔金山中部地区, 此方向物源不能到达鄂博梁Ⅰ 、Ⅱ 号构造带。

2)鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带物源主要来自阿尔金山东部; 鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带的物源来自2个方向, 分别是北部的阿尔金山方向和东北部的冷湖一、二、三号构造带和小赛什腾山方向, 前者穿过鄂博梁Ⅰ 号构造带到达该地区, 是主要的物源区, 而后者穿过葫芦山构造带到达鄂博梁Ⅱ 号构造带。

3)鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带物源来自赛什腾山方向, 其是沿NE-SW向横穿冷湖六号、七号构造带而最终到达鄂博梁Ⅲ 号构造带的, 未受到来自南八仙方向 “ 古鱼卡大型古河流三角洲” 物源的影响。

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24	钟玮, 蒲秀刚, 何幼斌, 等. 2012. 渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷孔南地区古近系孔店组二段物源分析[J]. 古地理学报, 14(6): 707-708. [文内引用:1]

2012

0.0

白玉奇. 2012. 伊盟隆起地区上古生界石盒子组和山西组物源分析[J]. 地下水, 34(4): 208-210.

摘　要：物源分析在确定沉积物物源位置和性质及沉积物搬运路径,甚至整个盆地的沉积作用和构造演化等方面意义越来越重要。通过对研究区石盒子组和山西组的样品做了铸体薄片、阴极发光、重矿物组合分析和主微量元素分析等实验,对其数据进行分析,确定该地区石盒子组和山西组的母岩以高级变质岩和浅变质岩为主,物源主要来自北部及北西方向阴山地区的下太元古界和无元古界岩系。

... 4 阴极发光特征矿物的阴极发光是其成分、结构、构造等特点的直观反映(白玉奇,2012),是研究沉积区物质来源最有效的方法之一(郑荣才等,2010) ...

2011

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操应长, 周磊, 张玉明, 等. 2011. 松辽盆地十屋断陷十屋地区营城组物源体系探讨[J]. 沉积学报, 29(6): 1096-1104.

Several provenances deposition is the result of mixed deposition of detrital materials that came from different provenances and different types of parent rocks.We may neglect the diversity of different provenances if we simply analyse the indexes that can indicate the characteristic of mother rock by calculating the average value. So we should classify the samples which belong to the same provenance at first, then analyze the direction and characteristics of every provenance. This article discussed the provenance system characteristics of Yingcheng Formation in Shiwu fault depression by comprehensive analysis of clastic grain combination, heavy minerals combination, sandy conglomerate distribution, dip logging and other materials. Clastic grain combination can indicate parent rock characteristics of the provenance area, and clastic grain maturation can help to distinguish the transportation direction of fragmentary material. The authors determined three kinds of provenances by classification of the same provenance for clastic grain combination materials of all wells in the study area. The samples of the first kind provenance have the characteristics of " low quartz content, high feldspar and cuttings content, and magmatite is the main cuttings type"; the samples of the second kind provenance have the characteristics of " high quartz content, low cuttings content, and magmatite and metamorphic are the main cuttings types"; the samples of the third kind provenance have the characteristics of "quartz, feldspar, and cuttings' contents are nealy the same, and sedimentary and magmatite rock are the main cuttings types".Then the three provenance directions above have been determined, and the result are northern provenance, eastern provenance, and northwest provenance respectively. Heavy minerals analysis is also one of the methods of study provenance direction and parent rock characteristics. Three heavy minerals combination areas have been identified by heavy minerals content statistics and combination classification of study area. There are "high zircon content area" in the north, "zircon, garnet, and green shade stone combination area" in the east, and "zircon and garnet combination area" in the westnorth. They stand for the three provenance systems, respectively.These areas indicated that there were three provenance systems exist in Yingcheng Formation of Lishu area. The transport direction and path of detrital material that derived from provenance can be pointed out by analyzing sand bodies distribution characters, and the palaeocurrent can be indicated by dipmeter. It were found that there were high content regions of sandy conglomerate in the north, the east and the northwest of the research area, and the direction of sandy conglomerate content declining was the same as the direction of palaeocurrent that indicated by dipmeter. The results confirm three provenances which have been identified by analysis all above  After analyzing all above, three provenance systems were identified in Shiwu area of Yingcheng Formation.The mother rock in the northwest provenance system are sedimentary rocks and magmatic rocks, mother rock in northern slope provenance is magmatic rocks and mother rock in eastern slope are magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks. The forming and distribution of sand bodies in Yingcheng Formation of Shiwu area were jointly controlled by the three provenances all above. Consequently, hybrid sedimentation were formed under the control of "multiprovenance, differences existed between each other provenance, and the characteristics of every provenance were inherited between each phase” in Shiwu area.

在综合分析碎屑颗粒组分、重矿物组合、砂砾岩展布和地层倾角测井等资料的基础上，探讨了十屋断陷十屋地区营城组沉积时期的物源体系特征和分布。碎屑颗粒组分和重矿物分析能指示物源区母岩类型和碎屑物质的搬运方向，砂砾岩展布能指明了碎屑物质的搬运方向和搬运途径，地层倾角测井则指示了古水流的方向。结果表明，十屋地区营城组存在三大物源体系，分别是西北方向以沉积岩和岩浆岩为母岩的西北物源体系、以岩浆岩为母岩的北部斜坡物源体系和以岩浆岩、变质岩为母岩的东部斜坡物源体系，三大物源体系共同控制了十屋地区营城组沉积时期砂体的形成和分布，并且形成了“多物源混源沉积、各物源源间存异、各时期继承发育”的沉积格局。

... 根据稳定性特征,可以将重矿物划分为超稳定至极不稳定共5个等级(操应长等,2011),若矿物抵抗风化的能力弱,则其分布局限,当远离物源区时其含量相对减少,甚至消失(胡宗全等,2001 ...

... 操应长等,2011) ...

2009

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陈全红, 李文厚, 刘昊伟, 等. 2009. 鄂尔多斯盆地上石炭统—中二叠统砂岩物源分析[J]. 古地理学报, 11(6): 629-640.

Based on comprehensive study of regional geology， stratigraphic contact relations， sandstone fragment components， heavy mineral and trace elements， the Upper Carboniferous to Middle Permian provenance area for the north Ordos Basin mainly come from recycling orogeny area， and can be divided into three provenance areas that are Wuhai-Yinchuan， Hangjinqi-Dongsheng， Zhungeer-Fugu. But affected by variation provenance and bounded by Hangjinqi-Dongsheng， the distribution of quartz sandstone of Ordos Basin that was derived from Alashan ancient land has obvious west-east trending divisional feature and is mainly distributed in west Ordos Basin， but lithic sandstone that came from Yin Mountains mainly distributed in east Ordos Basin. South and southwest trending source sandstone that came from steady tectonic area and recycling orogeny area are strongly related to the evolution of Qin-Qi orogenic belt， and has the duplex characteristic of activity and stabilization. So the south provenance can be divided into three provenance areas that are Haiyuan and Tongxin-Zhongwei， Pingliang-Guyuan and Huaixian， Yaoxian-Yijun and Fuxian. The catchment area of south and north provenance with NWW trending shoestring extension is located in Huanxian-Fuxian-Xianning area， and the catchment area gradually transfers to south Ordos Basin during Shanxi to He-8 period. Until He-8 period， the west provenance began to supply coarse clastic sediments. In Liuyehe Basin， Zhouzhi， as the outer margin of Ordos Basin， which is the intermontane basin of Qinling orogenic belt and has continuous transitional relationship between them， the Upper Carboniferous to Middle Permian sandstone came from recycling orogeny area and continental blocks.

1 CNOOC Research Center， Beijing 100027 2 Geology Department of Northwest University， Xi'an 710069， Shaanxi 3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina，Beijing 100083 4 College of Energy and Environmental Engineering， Yanan University， Yanan 716000，Shaanxi 5 Institute of Oil and Gas Resources， Xi'an Shiyou University，Xi'an 710065，Shaanxi

对区域地质、地层接触关系、砂岩组分、重矿物及微量元素等的综合分析与研究结果表明，鄂尔多斯盆地北部上石炭统—中二叠统砂岩的物源区主要为再旋回造山带物源区，并可划分出乌海—银川、杭锦旗—东胜及准格尔旗—府谷3个物源区。受物源分异的影响，盆地内部石英砂岩分布以杭锦旗—东胜为界，具有明显的东西分区性。其中石英砂岩主要分布于盆地西部，古水流、重矿物及砂岩组分指示物源来自阿拉善古陆。而盆地东部总体上是岩屑砂岩的覆盖区，物源主要来自盆地北部和东北部阴山地区。盆地西南部及南部砂岩的物源区为克拉通地块和再旋回造山区，物源区与秦祁造山带的演化关系密切，具有稳定与活动的双重特性，可划分出海原、同心—中宁，平凉—固原、环县及耀县—宜君、富县3个主要物源区。南北物源汇水区在环县—富县—乡宁一带，呈北西西向狭长带状延伸，并从山西期—盒8期呈逐渐南移趋势。盆地西部物源到下石盒子组沉积时期才提供粗碎屑物质补给，以含有较多的长石石英砂岩为特征。周至柳叶河石炭—二叠系砂岩的物源区为再旋回造山带物源区和陆块物源区，为北秦岭造山带内山间盆地，属于盆地外缘，并与鄂尔多斯盆地呈连续过渡的关系。

2010

0.0

... 丛琳和马世忠,2010 ...

2002

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和钟铧, 刘招君, 郭巍, 等. 2002. 柴达木北缘中生代盆地的成因类型及构造沉积演化[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 32(4): 333-339.

摘　要：柴达木盆地是我国西部一个大型中新生代陆相含油气盆地.其剖面结构、构造样式、沉积特征、基底沉降、古地温等表明中生代盆地的性质应为挤压环境下经过多次幕式逆冲形成的、与祁连造山带有关的叠置前陆盆地,经历了早侏罗世的破裂前陆盆地和中侏罗世之后的类前陆盆地的演化过程.柴北缘中生代沉积充填由构造层序I(早侏罗世)、构造层序Ⅱ(中侏罗世)和构造层序Ⅲ(晚侏罗世)三个完整的构造层序构成,由粗到细多个沉积旋回代表了逆冲加载过程中由活动期到平静期的转化过程.随着逆冲活动的加强和频率加快,构造层序Ⅳ(白垩纪)只经历逆冲活动期,是不完整的构造层序,发育补偿和过补偿沉积,盆地逐渐萎缩.

... 1 概述鄂博梁构造带位于柴达木盆地中北部,构造上属于柴北缘走滑冲断系内部的次级走滑构造(和钟铧等,2002),呈北西#cod#x02014 ...

2001

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和钟铧, 刘招君, 张峰. 2001. 重矿物在盆地分析中的应用研究进展[J]. 地质科技情报, 20(4): 29-31.

综述了重矿物在物源分析、构造演化、地层分析对比、岩相古地理重建及古气侯恢复等方面的应用及进展.认为在盆地分析中,重矿物与其它分析方法相结合进行总体评价,综合研究,将获得更接近实际的结论.

... 施振生等,2011),即随着沉积物搬运距离的增加,不稳定重矿物相对含量逐渐减小,稳定重矿物相对含量逐渐增大,同时重矿物的组合类型也相应发生变化,故可根据重矿物组合特征及稳定性的差异来指示沉积物的搬运方向(和钟铧等,2001 ...

2001

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胡宗全, 朱筱敏, 彭勇民. 2001. 准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区侏罗系物源及古水流分析[J]. 古地理学报, 3(3): 49-54.

With several methods such as analysis of detritus component ,analysis of heavy mineral component, dip log, and thickness of strata, the paper analyzes sedimentary source and paleocurrent direction of Jurassic, ChePaizi District, north-west edge of Junggar Basin. Analysis of detritus component indicates the overall progressing direction of sedimentary source, analysis of heavy mineral component makes the main passage of source clear, dip log data gives accurate paleocurrent direction in the place of each well with this kind of data, but each of these three methods has a disadvantage with low data covering rate and high variety of covering density in 2-demensional space. In contrast, isolate map of strata from seismic data can be used to give prediction of paleo-topography and paleocurrent direction in much large 2-demensional scale, but it is virtually an indirect predicting method with disadvantage of low accuracy in local place. Integrating the high covering faculty of indirect methods and the high local accuracy of direct methods, a much accurate prediction about paleocurrent direction is put forward in this paper, and based on which a sedimentary facies model of alluvial fan-braided river-river plain sedimentary system is constructed. The model shows that current of alluvial fan progresses in the direction of SEE along the short axle with steep slope for its current energy can keep only in short distance, by contraries, current energy of braided river has the ability of keeping in much long distance, its current progresses in the direction along the long axle with mild slope，namely SE or even SSE. The model is much beneficial to raising the accuracy of turning seismic facies to sedimentary facies.

通过岩石岩屑组分分析、重矿物组分分析、倾角测井、地层厚度分析等方法，对准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区侏罗系进行物源及古水流方向分析。岩屑组分分析指示着大致的物源前进方向，重矿物分析明确了物源泄入的主要通道，倾角测井在单井点处对古流向有相当高的表现精度，但这三种方法均存在数据平面覆盖率较低和分布密度差异大的缺陷，而运用地震层位解释所得的地层等厚度图则可以在较大尺度上的二维平面内推测沉积时期的古地形，进而可以推测古流向，但它仅是一种间接预测方法，存在局部古流向预测精度较低的不足。文中综合各种方法，将直接预测方法的高精度和间接方法的高覆盖能力结合起来，对古流向作出较高精度的预测。在古流向研究的基础上建立了冲积扇－辫状河－河泛平原沉积体系的沉积相模式。该模式认为对于水流能量保持能力差的冲积扇，其古流向应该沿短轴陡坡降方向，即大致为SEE方向，而对于水流能量保持能力较强的辫状河来说，其古流向应该沿长轴缓坡降方向，即为SE甚至SSE方向。该模式的提出对于提高地震相－沉积相的转相精度具有一定的指导意义。

2009

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黄传炎, 王华, 周立宏, 等. 2009. 北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段物源体系分析[J]. 地球科学, 34(6): 975-984.

物源分析是盆地分析的重要内容之一.北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段(Es3)湖泊范围广、沉积厚度大,而勘探程度低,是大港油田未来勘探的重要突破区,精细刻画北塘凹陷沙三段物源体系对沉积体系重建、有利区带预测具有重要意义.采用构造格架及古地貌宏观区分物源区与沉积区,根据碎屑矿物组合特征划分物源区块,依据地震反射特征勾绘物源在盆内进积方向,利用砂体等厚图和砂地比等值线图精细描绘物源分支,从不同角度、不同层次对北塘凹陷沙三段古物源体系进行精细研究.结果表明,北塘凹陷物源来自北部燕山褶皱带和西部沧县隆起,具体分为西部的沧县物源、西北角的汉沽物源、北部的大神堂物源和东北角的涧南物源.在物源体系和构造组合特征的控制下,沙三段主要发育扇三角洲沉积体系.

... 物源研究中的砂地比等值线图,不仅是对物源体系的反证,而且能够更精细地刻画物源推进方向和展布特征,完善物源体系研究(黄传炎等,2009 ...

2009

0.0

李凤杰, 刘琪, 刘殿鹤, 等. 2009. 柴达木盆地北缘下干柴沟组储集层特征及影响因素分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 20(1): 44-49.

By means of detailed study about the lithology, pore type, physical property and diagenesis of Paleogene Low\|Ganchaigou Formation reservoir in the north edge of Qaidam Basin, this paper confirms that Low-Ganchaigou Formation reservoir sandstones consist of arkose, lithic arkose and arkose rock fragment sandstone, and the cement is carbonates. The reservoir sandstones have low compositional maturity and medium textural maturity. The development extent of pore and the accumulation property have apparent deviation in different tectonic belts. Both the development extent of pore and the accumulation property in Mahai-Nanbaxiang area are best, and produced mainly primary intergranular pores. The reservoir has high porosity and middle permeability. The development extent of pore is very good to good and the accumulation property is good in Lenghu tectonic belt, and produced mainly primary intergranular pores. The reservoir has mid-low porosity and mid\|ow permeability. Reservoir porosity and accumulation property are relatively very poor in Eboliang tectonic belt, and merely has a few relict intergranular pores and secondary solution pores, and the reservoir has extremely low porosity and extremely low permeability. The rock component of sandstone reservoir and diagenesis are the main factors which control the reservoir property of Paleogene in the north edge of Qaidam Basin. The diagenesis mainly contains compaction and cementation. Carbonate cementation and clay encrustation have constructive and devastating effects to reservoir property.

通过对柴达木盆地北缘古近系下干柴沟组储层岩石学、孔隙类型、物性特征和成岩作用等的研究，指出下干柴沟组储层主要由长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩组成，胶结物为碳酸盐；储层砂岩的成分成熟度普遍较低，结构成熟度中等—较差；不同构造带上孔隙的发育程度和储集性能存在着明显的差异，马海—南八仙地区孔隙最发育、储集性能最好，孔隙类型以原生粒间孔为主，发育中高孔—中高渗储层，冷湖构造带孔隙发育—较发育、储集性能较好，孔隙类型以原生粒间孔为主，发育中低孔—中低渗储层，鄂博梁构造带储层孔隙相对最不发育、储集性能很差，仅发育少许残余粒间孔和次生溶孔，发育特低孔特低渗储层。认为控制研究区储层性能的主要因素为储层的岩石成分和成岩作用，成岩作用主要有压实作用和胶结作用，而碳酸盐胶结和绿泥石粘土膜对储集性能的改造具有建设性和破坏性双重作用。

... 李凤杰等,2009,2012 ...

2012

0.0

李凤杰, 孟立娜, 方朝刚, 等. 2012. 柴达木盆地北缘古近纪—新近纪古地理演化[J]. 古地理学报, 14(5): 596-606.

Based on description of outcrop section and cores，drilling well and logging and seismic data，the types of sedimentary facies and their characteristics of the Paleogene and Neogene were studied in the north margin of Qaidam Basin.The research showed that alluvial fan，fan delta，braided fluvial，braided fluvial delta and lacustrine facies were developed in the Paleogene and Neogene.The sedimentary spatial-temporal distribution was affected by the structural framework of basin base，the growth thrust faults of altun slope，the thrust fault in the north margin and palaeo-high land，bringing about the sedimentary system with diversity.By the effect of thrust faults and palaeo-high land，alluvial fan，fan delta and lacustrine facies were present in Lenghu-area，and alluvial fan-braid braided river delta were present in Mahai-Nanbaxian area.The systematic analysis about palaeogeographic evolution was achieved based on the sedimentary facies analysis，and more reliable geological information was provided for the further exploration.

Institute of Sedimentary Geology，Chengdu University of Technology， Chengdu 610059，Sichuan

根据野外露头剖面和岩心观察，钻、录井及测井曲线以及地震等资料，研究了柴达木盆地北缘古近系—新近系的沉积相类型和沉积特征，结果表明该区主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河、辫状河三角洲及湖泊等沉积相类型。柴达木盆地北缘的沉积时空展布受盆地基底的构造格架及阿尔金山斜坡带生长逆冲断裂系、北缘逆冲断层和古隆起的联合作用，沉积体系具有多样性。冷湖地区受逆冲断层作用，发育了冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系；马海—南八仙地区则受逆冲断层和古隆起的双重控制，发育冲积扇—辫状河—辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系。在沉积相分析的基础上对古地理演化进行了系统分析，为下一步的油气勘探工作提供可靠的地质资料。

... 李凤杰等,2009,2012 ...

... 路乐河组和下干柴沟组沉积时期为湖盆扩张期,至上干柴沟组沉积时期湖泊扩张到最大,之后的下油砂山组至狮子沟组沉积时期为湖盆的萎缩、消亡期(李凤杰等,2012) ...

2006

0.0

李宏义, 姜振学, 庞雄奇, 等. 2006. 柴北缘油气运移优势通道特征及其控油气作用[J]. 地球科学, 31(2): 214-220.

油气运移优势通道研究对于追踪油气运移方向和预测有利勘探目标具有重要意义,在对柴北缘地区输导层砂体展布、主要成藏期古流体势、断层倾角和区域盖层分割槽等地质条件综合研究的基础上,分别阐述了级差优势、流向优势、流压优势和分割槽优势等4种类型优势通道的分布特征以及对油气运移的单因素控制作用,然后进行多因素叠加,综合分析在4种优势通道共同作用下柴北缘地区的油气优势运移方向,进而优选勘探目标.结果表明:冷湖-南八仙构造带具有阿尔金斜坡、赛什腾、鱼卡-南八仙3个大规模沉积体系的级差优势通道,同时流压优势通道、分隔优势通道和流向优势通道分布范围广,并且处于昆特依凹陷和伊北凹陷油气的运移指向区,使得该构造带成为最有利的油气聚集带,其次是鄂博梁Ⅰ号 -葫芦山构造带;冷湖七号东、西高点深层构造和葫芦山构造为最有利的勘探目标,有望取得新的突破.

... 该区的研究成果虽然较多,但多以沉积相、储集层特征(李宏义等,2006 ...

2009

0.0

刘殿鹤, 李凤杰, 郑荣才, 等. 2009. 柴北缘西段古近系下干柴沟组沉积相特征分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 20(6): 847-853.

Based on description of field outcrop profiles and cores, well drilling and logging and so on, the types of the sedimentary facies and their characteristics of Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou Formation were studied. The research shows that alluvial fan, fan delta, braid river, braided delta and lacustrine facies were present in the formation. There is a set of fan, fan delta, lacustrine facies depositional system in the Eboliang\|Lenghu\|Qianxi area, and a set of fan, braid river, braided delta, lacustrine facies depositional system in the Mahai\|Nanbaxiang area. The sedimentary facies model was established of Low\|Ganchaigou Formation. It demonstrates the sedimentary facies distribution more clearly, providing the reliable geological information for the next exploration activity.

根据野外露头剖面和岩心观察，钻井、录井及测井曲线等资料,研究了柴北缘西段古近系下干柴沟组沉积相类型和沉积特征。结果表明，下干柴沟组发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河、辫状河三角洲和湖泊5种沉积相。在鄂博梁—冷湖潜西地区发育了一套冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系，马海—南八仙地区发育冲积扇—辫状河—辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系。相应地建立了下干柴沟组沉积相模式。由此更加清楚地展示了下干柴沟组沉积相分布规律，为下一步的油气勘探工作提供可靠的地质资料。

... 刘殿鹤等,2009 ...

2005

0.0

申延平, 吴朝东, 岳来群, 等. 2005. 库车坳陷侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析[J]. 地球学报, 26(3): 235-240.

Kuqa depression is located in the north of the Tarim basin. Its Jurassic strata comprising six groups are a set of continental coal-bearing sediments, which can be divided into the coal measure strata in the middle and lower part and the detrital sediments in the upper part. The fragment components are mainly quartz, feldspar and debris, together in a few places with a bit of mica and chlorite. The sandstone structures are different and the sorting is mainly of medium level. According to statistical analysis of sandstone fragment components, combined with a study of sedimentary characteristics based on variations of mineral compositions and structures, this paper has discussed the provenance of Kuqa depression in Jurassic. It is considered that the provenance of the lower part of Jurassic strata was mainly from the recycled orogenic belt, and rarely from Triassic forebulge,that the source rock was mainly sedimentary rock, and that the provenance of middle and upper part also mainly came from the recycled orogenic belt, with obvious material supply from forebulge. Besides, early sediments at the edge of the basin experienced current mechanic crush and reconstruction, and hence the quantity of mud boulder sediments increased. These sediments were controlled by two source areas, with source rocks being sedimentary rocks.

库车坳陷位于塔里木盆地的北部，其侏罗系发育良好，为一套陆相含煤沉积，可分为中、下部的煤系地层和上部的杂色碎屑沉积两部分。侏罗系包括阿合组、阳霞组、克孜勒努尔组、恰克马克组、齐古组和喀拉扎组。该区砂岩碎屑成分以石英为主，其次是长石及各种岩屑，有时含少量云母及绿泥石等碎屑矿物。砂岩结构不一，粗砂、中砂和细砂状结构均有，很少一部分为含砾结构。砂岩分选性以中等为主，少量分选好或分选差。砂粒的磨圆度各层位有所差异。本文对库车坳陷侏罗纪地层的砂岩进行了骨架矿物统计分析，通过碎屑岩矿物成分与结构的变化研究了库车坳陷侏罗系沉积岩石学特征，并应用Dickinson的分析理论及结果，对库车坳陷的碎屑岩进行物源与板块构造关系的分析与探讨，重点对库车河剖面的砂岩作了系统采样和测定，显微镜下观察了砂岩的碎屑组分，并对各组分采用点记法进行整个全视域薄片的砂岩的骨架矿物成分统计工作，根据碎屑组分特征与重矿物组合特征，结合区域构造、沉积古地貌及盆地演化史，对库车坳陷的物源进行了探讨。认为侏罗系下部的碎屑岩物源区以再旋回造山带为主，已经过一段时间的风化开始隆升，遭受强烈剥蚀，反映了前陆盆地形成时的早期旋回阶段的特征，来自三叠纪古前隆的物源较少，母岩以沉积岩为主；侏罗系中上部碎屑物源仍以盆地边缘再旋回造山带为主，但三叠纪古前缘隆起提供物源已比较明显。除此之外，在盆地边缘形成的早期沉积物经水流机械破碎、改造作用的泥砾沉积物增多，受双物源区的控制，母岩为沉积岩。

... 碎屑岩中的岩屑是保持母岩结构的矿物集合体,类型与物源区的母岩性质密切相关,是物源区的直接反映(申延平等,2006,陈全红等,2009) ...

2011

0.0

施振生, 王秀芹, 吴长江. 2011. 四川盆地上三叠统须家河组重矿物特征及物源区意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 22(4): 618-626.

Hyperstable heavy minerals with little diversity in different members were dominated in the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of Sichuan basin.Heavy mineral measurement is not only helpful to accurate restoration of depositional systems and ancient water systems,but also reveal the rock\|tectonic attribute of Longmen Shan and recovery of tectonic uplift history.Q\|cluster and principal factor show that the parent rock in the Xujiahe Formation is dominated by sedimentary rocks and low\|level metamorphic rocks,as well as low content of high-grade metamorphic rocks.The content of high-grade metamorphic rocks increases from section bottom to top.ZTR index shows that 4 main source areas in the late Triassic Sichuan basin are located in south-west,north\|west,north-east and south\|east of Sichuan basin,respectively.The distribution of source areas exist inherited.Based on tectonic belt and sedimentology of previous research,the Longmen Shan fold belt begin to form at late Triassic Period.At the second phase of Xujiahe Formation,the northern section of Longmen Shan had been exposed and eroded,but the southern section was still underwater or not yet uplifted.At the fourth phase,the northern section of Longmen Shan continued uplift and suffered erosion,whereas the southern section started uplift and erosion and provided the sediments toward the basin.At the sixth phase,the Longmen Shan was uplifted fully and provided sediments to the basin.

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组以超稳定型重矿物为主，不同层段重矿物组成差异不大。重矿物分析不仅有利于沉积体系及古水系的准确恢复和对远景区油气储层的准确预测，而且还可揭示龙门山等物源区的岩石—大地构造属性及其隆升历史。Q型聚类分析和主因子分析表明，须家河组母岩以沉积岩和低级变质岩为主，高级变质岩含量相对较低。由下至上，母岩中高级变质岩含量逐渐增加。ZTR指数分析表明，晚三叠世四川盆地主要发育4个物源，分别位于川西南部、川西北部、川东北部和盆地东南，物源分布位置具有继承性。结合造山带和前人沉积学研究成果认为，晚三叠世，龙门山褶皱带开始逐渐形成。须二期，龙门山北段已露出水面遭受剥蚀，但龙门山南段仍是水下隆起或尚未隆升。须四期，龙门山北段继续隆升遭受剥蚀，龙门山南段开始抬升遭受剥蚀，并向盆地提供物源。须六期，龙门山地区全面抬升遭受剥蚀，并向盆地提供物源。

... 86 g/cm³的陆源碎屑矿物,其在岩石中的含量很小,一般不超过1%(施振生等,2011 ...

2012

0.0

孙国强, 杜忠明, 贾艳艳, 等. 2012. 柴达木盆地北缘西段古近纪以来沉积模式研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 24(4): 13-18.

Based on core observation, cast thin section, well logging data and analysis of sedimentary sequence of the Paleogene and Neogene in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, Combined with field observations, we studied the sedimentary model in this area. The result shows that clastic rocks are developed in Paleogene and Neogene in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, such as conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone, and the sedimentary facies are mainly of braided river, braided river delta plain, braided river delta front and shore shallow lacustrine depositional systems. Conglomerate of Paleogene has the characteristic of upright cycle, so it is a water immersion process, and in Neogene it mainly develops alternating deposits of megaclast and fine grained detrital rocks which show frequent hydrodynamic conditions change. Due to the cyclical changes in precipitation, mudstone developed in megaclast deposit area at the basin margin, and middle-fine sandstone also exsited in the mudstone deposit area at the basin sedimentary centre. This alternating deposits ofmegaclast and fine grained detrital rocks can form perfect reservoir-cap combination, and it is favorable for the formation of structural-lithologic reservoir. The sedimentary model shows the process of sedimentary evolution since the Paleogene clearly, which can provide reliable geological evidence for the further oil exploration.

通过对柴达木盆地北缘（简称“柴北缘”）西段古近系和新近系的沉积序列、岩心特征、薄片特征、测井资料及录井资料的分析，结合野外露头考察，对该区的沉积模式进行了系统研究。结果表明：古近系和新近系发育以砾岩、砂岩和泥岩为主的碎屑岩沉积，且沉积体系以辫状河—辫状河三角洲平原—辫状河三角洲前缘—滨浅湖沉积为主；古近系的岩性变化较大，主要为砾岩，具有正旋回特征，说明古近纪时期为一水进过程；新近系地层发育以粗碎屑岩和细碎屑岩不等厚为主的交互沉积，水动力条件变化频繁。通过进一步的研究认为，古近纪以后的柴北缘由于降水量（或气候）的周期性变化，形成了湖盆周缘粗碎屑岩和细碎屑岩不等厚交互沉积，即在盆地边缘有泥岩发育，并且在靠近盆地的沉积中心也有中—细砂岩的发育，这种粗碎屑岩和细碎屑岩的交互沉积层容易形成较好的储盖组合，有利于构造-岩性油气藏的形成。沉积模式研究清楚地展示了柴北缘地区古近纪以来的沉积演化规律，为该区下一步的油气勘探提供了可靠的地质依据。

... 孙国强等,2012)研究为主,物源方面的研究成果很少 ...

1989

0.0

田洪均. 1989. 阴极发光技术在沉积学中的应用[J]. 岩相古地理, 43(5): 56-64.

正某些物质受能量激发会产生发光现象。由于激发能源不同而有类型不同的发光,由阴极射线激发而使矿物发光,叫做阴极射线致发光现象,简称阴极发光 (Cathodoluminescence)。阴极发光曾被用来研究宝石和考古等,在沉积学领域内,主要是用来研究碳酸盐的成岩变化和碎屑岩的物源区。随着仪器的完善和理论的深入,目前阴极发光技术的运用范围已大为扩展。一、物质阴极发光的基本原理对于矿物的阴极发光原理,不少人用配位场理论和量子理论进行了比较合理的解释。但

... 长石的蚀变作用、黏土化作用的不同也会对它的发光产生猝灭效应(田洪均,1989) ...

2012

0.0

王艳清, 宫清顺, 夏志远, 等. 2012. 柴达木盆地西部区渐新世沉积物源分析[J]. 中国地质, 39(2): 426-434.

Abstract：Provenance analysis is of great significance in determining the sediment source, parent rock properties, sediment transport distance, and even sedimentation and tectonic evolution of the whole basin. Heavy mineral assemblages, light mineral assemblages, REE distribution pattern and palaeocurrent direction were systemically analyzed in this paper. Six main provenances in the Oligocene period of western Qaidam Basin were determined, i.e., eastern Altun provenance, western Altun provenance, Aral provenance, Tomorlog provenance, Qimantag-Dongqaishan provenance, and Wanxi-Gansen provenance. Provenance characteristics significantly control sediment characteristics. The sediment transport distance from western Altun provenance was short. Pyroclasts supply was evidently controlled by seasonal floods, so it was very unstable and always developed near-source steep type fan delta and near-shore subaqueous fan sediments. Sediments from the rest of the provenance were transported for a long distance, with the maximum transport distance being about 190 Km; pyroclasts supply was stable, and thus developed braided delta sediments of far-source mild slope type. Due to the influences of several provenances, the sedimentary characteristics were obviously different.

提要：沉积物源分析在确定沉积物源位置、母岩性质及沉积物搬运距离，甚至整个盆地的沉积作用和构造演化等方面都有重要意义。本文从重矿物组合、轻矿物组合、稀土元素分配和古水流恢复等方面系统地分析了柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世物源方向，确定了阿尔金东段物源、阿尔金西段物源、阿拉尔物源、铁木里克物源、祁漫塔格—东柴山物源和弯西—甘森物源6大沉积物源。沉积物源特征明显控制了沉积物特征，来自阿尔金西段物源的沉积物搬运距离短，碎屑物供给明显受季节性洪水控制，故稳定性差，发育近源陡坡型的扇三角洲、近岸水下扇沉积物；来自其余物源的沉积物搬运距离较长，最长搬运距离约190 km, 碎屑物供给的稳定性较好，发育远源缓坡型的辫状三角洲沉积物，受不同沉积物源的影响，其沉积特征具有明显的差异性。

... 王艳清等,2012) ...

2013

0.0

袁淑琴, 王书香, 纪建峥, 等. 2013. 歧南次凹及其邻区古近系物源特征分析[J]. 石油天然气学报, 35(10): 56-62.

摘　要：物源分析是盆地分析的重要内容之一.歧南次凹及其邻区古近系沙河街组三段（Es3）、二段（Es2）沉积时期发育两大物源体系,即盆外的南部埕宁隆起物源,盆内的西部羊三木凸起物源.根据岩石学特征、重矿物组合、砂体分布体系和沟谷体系的分析研究成果,对研究区的物源口进行分解研究,Es3沉积时期细分为4个子物源口,Es2沉积时期细分为6个子物源口.近东西向的层拉平地震剖面显示,4条近南北向展布的沟谷对应发育4大物源通道,沟谷中砂岩发育,砂地比高.该研究成果为该区的古地理重建和有利砂体预测提供了最重要的依据和保障.

... 袁淑琴等,2013) ...

2008

0.0

张金伟, 王军, 吴明蓉, 等. 2008. 利用地震前积反射特征确定古水流方向的沉积几何方法[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 15(5): 53-55.

古水流条件分析是确定沉积盆地古水系、古物源及沉积体系展布,进行岩相古地理研究必不可少的内容.传统的古水流研究方法主要分为统计方法或百分比法、沉积几何学方法2类.根据地震剖面上前积反射的成因,利用交叉地震剖面上前积反射之间的几何关系,可以定量地确定古水流方向.这种方法适用于盆地勘探的不同阶段,与传统的沉积几何学方法比较,其不仅易于操作,而且便于更准确、定量地判定地质历史时期区域性的古水流主方向.盆地演化后期的构造改造会在不同程度上影响该方法的适用性,此时应与其他方法结合使用.

... 5 地震资料分析地震相分析中前积地震反射特征能够揭示古水流方向,前积层的上倾方向一般指向物源区(张金伟等,2008 ...

2004

0.0

赵澄林, 朱筱敏. 2004. 沉积岩石学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 40-150.

本书全面叙述了沉积岩石学的基础知识、基本原理和基本技能, 并反映了近十年来沉积岩石学、沉积学和岩相古地理学的新进展

... 赵澄林和朱筱敏,2004) ...

2003

0.0

... 重矿物是物源变化极为敏感的指示剂(赵红格和刘池洋,2003 ...

2004

0.0

赵加凡, 陈小宏, 杜业波, 等. 2004. 柴达木第三纪湖盆沉积演化史[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 31(3): 41-44.

The Tertiary sedimentary facies distribution in the Qaidam Basin, Northwest China, is identified by using geo-statistic method,seismic facies and sedimentary facies recognition technique depending on the core, well logging and seismic data. A main sedimentary center together with multi local sedimentary centers and the sedimentary centers developed in the Lulehe Formation, in age of Peleogene, to Shizigou Formation, Neogene, and the center migrated from south to north and from west to east, where the Shizigou to Mangya area and Yiliping to Yiligou are important sedimentary centers. The sedimentary history shows it is a down-faulted basin with the boundary of thrust faults. Particular sedimentation in Qaidam Basin was caused by the activity of two groups of thrust fracture system in Kunlun Mountain north margin and Aerjin Mountain front, and the difference of paleo-structure and paleo-topography.

采用统计分析法、地震相和沉积相识别技术，结合岩心、测井、地震资料，分析柴达木第三纪湖盆的沉积相展布。古近系路乐河组至新近系狮子沟组沉积期的主沉积中心与局部沉积中心并存，且沉积中心明显有由南向北、由西向东迁移的规律，狮子沟至茫崖地区以及一里坪至一里沟一带是重要的沉积中心。根据对沉积演化史的分析，第三纪的柴达木盆地具有以逆冲断层为边界的断陷湖盆性质，昆仑山北缘和阿尔金山前两组逆冲断裂系的活动以及古构造、古地形的差异控制了湖盆特殊的沉积作用。图3参13

... 该区地质条件十分复杂,地史过程中沉积中心不断变迁,后期构造运动改造作用强烈,断裂极为发育(赵加凡等,2004) ...

2010

0.0

... 4 阴极发光特征矿物的阴极发光是其成分、结构、构造等特点的直观反映(白玉奇,2012),是研究沉积区物质来源最有效的方法之一(郑荣才等,2010) ...

2012

0.0

钟玮, 蒲秀刚, 何幼斌, 等. 2012. 渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷孔南地区古近系孔店组二段物源分析[J]. 古地理学报, 14(6): 707-708.

根据重力异常资料、地震资料, 综合运用重矿物法、碎屑岩类分析法并结合砂体展布特征,基本明确了黄骅坳陷孔南地区孔店组二段的物源区位置及来源方向。区域布格重力异常场从宏观上勾绘出了孔南地区地势的起伏状况,对物源分析具有重要参考意义。在研究区湖盆周缘都发育砂体,在各物源口的砂体展布规律在平面上表现为呈扇形展布的特征,宏观上指示了物源的涉及范围。盆外下切沟槽能大致确定研究区周缘各物源口位置,前积反射结构也能指示出存在物源供给的地区。重矿物以锆石、电气石、金红石、石榴石、磁铁矿为主,不同的物源区具有不同的重矿组合特征,其变化规律指示了碎屑物质的搬运方向和搬运途径。碎屑岩组分以长石为主,其次为石英,岩屑含量较低,主要为岩浆岩岩屑,岩屑类型指示了物源区母岩类型主要为岩浆岩。该区孔店组二段沉积时期在东南、西南、西北、东北4个方向上都存在物源,进一步可识别出乌马营、叶三拔、舍女寺等10个子物源,它们共同控制了孔南地区孔店组二段沉积时期砂体的形成和分布,形成多物源环湖盆分布的特征。

... 钟玮等,2012) ...