摘　要： 鄂尔多斯延长组湖盆为一大型的敞流湖盆．其充填演化与构造发育史、古气候演化史具有明显的一 致性，可以划分为4个演化阶段，即湖盆形成及扩张期、鼎盛期、回返期、萎缩消亡期．在此过程中，湖盆经过四次明显湖进与湖退变化，但深湖中心变化不大，一 直沿华池-宜君一带波动．在整个晚三叠世盆地盛衰演化过程中，深湖沉积体系主要为深水型三角洲及浊积扇体系，前者在深湖扩展早期的三角洲快速推进时期的陡 岸斜坡区比较发育，并随着三角洲的推进逐渐从深水型向浅水台地型转变．后者在各个时期都有出现，按其沉积特征可分为两种浊积扇：坡移浊积扇相带发育相对齐 全，垂向上多期互相叠加，可划分为：斜坡-槽道-内扇亚相、浊积水道、浊积水道间、浊积水道前缘．中扇亚相、外扇亚相和盆地平原亚相．滑塌浊积扇多呈透镜 状夹于深湖亚相的深灰色泥岩中，相带分异不明显，仅可分为中心相和边缘相．两类浊积扇主要分布在盆地的近源斜坡带及远源末梢斜坡带．深湖沉积控制了烃原岩 及有利生储盖组合分配．坡移浊积扇沉积厚度大，分布广，储集物性好，是深湖区岩性油藏勘探的主要目标．

The sedimentary characteristics of the lower part of the Yanchang Formation(Chang 10—Chang 8 oil bearing intervals)are quite different from the middle and upper parts of the Yanchang Formation(Chang 7—Chang 1 oil bearing intervals). During the deposition of the lower part of the Yanchang Formation，the western and southwestern areas of the basin were characterized by a gentle topography and the deposition was dominated by the braided fluvial，braided fluvial deltaic and coastalshallow lacustrine facies. The content of chemically unstable components was relatively higher in clastic rocks. The depositional framework changed greatly during the deposition of Chang 7 interval of the Yanchang Formation. The sedimentary systems changed to alluvial fan and fan delta in the west and southwest. The size of the downwarping depression increased quickly and semideep and deep lakes covered an area of over 10×10.4 km2. Simultaneously，the depocenter of the Ordos Basin was shifted tens of kilometers southwestwards. The component maturity of the clastic rocks increased and the rock combination was obviously different in the west and east dispersal tracts of sediments. Furthermore，analyses of  the distribution of the tuffs in the  Yanchang Formation indicate that the tuffs are steadily distributed in the basal part of Chang 7 interval of the Yanchang Formation and they were derived from the syndepositional volcanism. Their thickness decreased from the southwest to the northeast. These analyses indicate that the latest depositional period of Chang 8 interval of the Yanchang Formation is an important transitional stage in the basins sedimentary evolution. A strong tectonic movement occurred in the western margin and southwestern margin of the basin and volcanic activities took place  frequently.  These events represent the first episode  of the Indosinian Movement.

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组下部（长8—长10油层组）沉积特征与中、上部（长1—长7油层组）存在较大的差异。延长组下部沉积时，盆地西部和西南地区地形相对较平坦，以辫状河、辫状河三角洲及滨浅湖沉积为主，碎屑岩中化学性质不稳定的组分含量较高；长7沉积期，沉积格局发生重大变革，盆地西缘、西南缘地区发育冲积扇、扇三角洲沉积体系，拗陷幅度急剧增大，半深湖—深湖区范围可达10×10.4 km2以上，而且湖盆中心向西南迁移了几十公里，碎屑岩成分成熟度增高，岩矿组合具有显著的东西分异性。此外，从延长组凝灰岩的分布特征分析，长7底部沉凝灰岩分布稳定，为同期火山作用的产物，厚度由盆地西南向东北方向逐渐减薄至不发育。上述分析表明，长8沉积末期为湖盆沉积演化的重要转折期，盆地西缘和西南缘存在一次强烈的构造地质事件，火山活动频繁，为印支运动第一幕重要的表现形式。

The paleostructure restoration for petroliferous basin has a close relationship with the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, and the existed methods of paleostructure restoration have certain limitations and restrict the exploration and development of oil and gas. This paper analyzed the methods of the paleostructure restoration including pagoda chart，isopach map，balanced section，paleostructure restoration through seismic attributes, paleostructure restoration in three dimensional space and the reconstruction of the same deformable body, and pointed out the application conditions and problems of each method in practice. The recovery of eroded amount，de-fault and de-fold, decompaction and correction of ancient water depth are inevitable key technologies. Whether we can use the technologies reasonably influences the accuracy of the paleostructure restoration. It also put forward the development trends of paleostructure restoration method, which provides instructions for the paleostructure restoration.

含油气盆地古构造与油气的成烃、成藏关系密切，但目前已有的古构造恢复方法均具有一定的局 限性，制约了油气的勘探开发。该文分析总结了古构造恢复方法发展至今形成的“宝塔图”法、厚度图法、 平衡剖面法、地震属性恢复古构造法、三维空间古构造恢复法、同一变形体古构造恢复法等诸多方法，并 分别指出了各种方法的适用范围和在实际应用中存在的问题。剥蚀量恢复、去断层、去褶皱、去压实校正 及古水深校正等是古构造恢复中的关键技术，能否合理运用这些技术将直接影响到古构造恢复的准确 性。文中对这些关键技术作了详细分析，此外还归纳了古构造恢复中存在的主要问题，并指出了古构造恢 复方法未来的发展趋势。

Nowadays, we have a common consideration that the PreJurassic palaeogeomorphology is the important basis which control the Yan9Yan10's reservoirs of the lower part of the Yan'an Group. Before, for the lower quality of seismic data and less wells' data, we recovered the palaeogeomorphology from the aspects of terrain's height, slopes and valleys, however, when the reservoirs were on the development stage, the aforementioned palaeogeomorphic characterization was too macro, especially, it was too simple and coarse for the palaeogeomorphic positive landscape, which resulted in a difficulty to master the distribution law of the PreJurassic reservoirs, and restricted the Jurassic reservoirs' exploration and development, thus, it was urgently to have a fine palaeogeomorphic characterization for the PreJurassic. Under the conditions of the increasing exploration data and higher quality data, the requirements of finely characterization the PreJurassic palaeogeomorphology has achieved. According to the formation marks of the Yan8, Yan9, Yan10 of the lower Jurassic and Fuxian group in Shangliyuan area, eastern Gansu Province, recognized and correlated the lower Jurassic and Fuxian Formations, based on the characteristics of the later Triassic structure movement and early Jurassic deposition environment, we used the stratum thickness impression method (Yan9 add Yan10 and add Fuxian formations' thickness) to rebuild the preJurassic palaeogeomorphology of Shangliyuan area, eastern Gansu Province. There were six landscape types: valleys, slopes, highlands, remnant ridges and remnant earthen mounds of the palaeogeomorphology, the specific configuration was the first degree GanShan ancient river distributed from west to east, and the second Western Qing ancient river laid in south of the study area and flowed northwards into GanShan ancient river, the Jiyuan and Yanwu high lands, respectively, located in the north and south of the study area, the Jiyuan south slope and Yanwu north slope developed in the transitional zone between the high lands and the valley, furthermore, there were interriver mounds in the center of the first degree ancient valley and there were second landforms of remnant mounds and ridges in the slope. On the above basis, we put for ward an oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology conceptions, that was, the palaeogeomorphology could control and organically combine the reservoirs' accumulation elements, and made it form an organic reservoirs' deployment conditions, eventually, had a crucial affection on reservoirs' accumulation. The results showed that three types' reservoirs "remnant ridges, remnant earthen mounds and interriver mounds" occupied 80% in all the Lower Jurassic reservoirs in Shangliyuan area, eastern Gansu Province, associated with the distribution characteristic and formed law of the Lower Jurassic reservoirs, we considered the remnant ridges, remnant earthen mounds and interriver mounds were the main oil accumulation ancient landscapes. On the principle of "the present is the key to the past", we studied the characteristics of modern erosion landscapes and analyzed their genetic models, then divided the three main oil accumulation landscapes to three genetic models: river robber, river transformation and watershed erosion. The oil accumulation ancient landscapes made the reservoirs' formed models were led by structure and controlled by lithology, and the advantageous reservoirs' formed conditions of the oil accumulation ancient landscapes to the Lower Jurassic reservoirs was: ① differential compaction small amplitude anticline and cove structure came from rigid oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology with its upper Yan’an group “soft stratum”; ② the oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology easily to form river sandstone division and drape sandstone capes, then formed isolated lens reservoir sandstone.  We applied the oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology conceptions to divide the oil accumulation palaeogeomorphology types of the PreJurassic in Shangliyuan area, eastern Gansu Province, and discussed the their geneses and analyzed the favorable reservoirs' formed conditions, the purpose was to suggest a theory foundation and technical support on the exploration and development for the Lower Jurassic reservoirs in Ordos basin, meanwhile, provided studying ideas and methods for palaeogeomorphology reservoirs, and enrichment and supplement to the research theory of these reservoirs' types. 

运用地层厚度印模法（延9＋延10＋富县组地层厚度）恢复出了陇东上里塬地区前侏罗纪古地貌形态，其形态为一级甘陕古河呈近东西向分布，二级庆西古河位于研究区南部向北注入甘陕古河，研究区的北部和南部分别发育姬塬和演武高地，在高地和河谷的过度带分别发育姬塬南斜坡和演武北斜坡，此外，在一级河谷中央还发育有河间丘，在斜坡上发育残丘、残梁次一级单元的古地貌。在此基础上，结合下侏罗统油藏分布特征和规律，提出了聚油古地貌概念，即在油气成藏过程中，能够有机的将油气成藏要素组合，进而使得形成有机的成藏配置条件，使之对油气成藏起着决定性作用的古地貌单元；划分出了研究区内对下侏罗统油藏成藏起主控作用的残梁、残丘、河间丘3种聚油古地貌类型，聚油古地貌主要存在河流袭夺、河流转型、分水岭侵蚀3种成因模式。研究表明，聚油古地貌使得研究区下侏罗统油藏形成了构造主导、岩性控制的构造+岩性的成藏模式，聚油古地貌对下侏罗统油藏成藏创造的有利成藏条件为：①具有刚性特征的聚油古地貌与上覆的延安组“软地层”所产生的差异压实小幅度背斜和穹窿构造；②聚油古地貌容易形成河道砂体分割和披盖砂帽，进而形成的孤立透镜状储层砂体。

Based on the large amount of the core data, field observations and analysis as well as seismic sequence interpretation, three kinds of sediment-gravity flows ( the sandy debris flow, the classic turbidite and the slumps ) were identified from the Chang 6 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the deepwater area at the center of the ancient Ordos Basin lake, of which the sandy debris flow is dominant, whereas the classic turbidite is limited in distribution. The identification of sandy debris flow indicates previous study about deepwater sedimentation of the Yanchang Formation might overrate the turbidite sedimentation. Further study suggests that the distribution and the reservoir character of the deep water sediment-gravity flows sand bodies such as sandy debris floware mainly controlled by the slope break. In general, the upper slope is better than the lower slope and the ramp is favorable than steep slope and consequently, sandy debris flow is the best oil prone, classic turbidite A section is moderate oil bearing and the slump is poor.

依据岩心、露头观察与分析测试及地震层序解释资料，在鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆中心深水区延长组长 6 段地层中识别出3 种类型的重力流沉积物，即砂质碎屑流、经典浊积岩和滑塌岩。其中砂质碎屑流最为 发育，而由浊流作用形成的经典浊积岩分布有限，以往延长组深水沉积研究夸大了浊流沉积作用。进一步 研究认为，砂质碎屑流等深水重力流砂体平面分布及其物性变化主要受深水沉积坡折控制，总体而言，砂 体物性坡上比坡下好，缓坡比陡坡好。从3 种类型岩石的含油气性看，砂质碎屑流含油性最好，经典浊积 岩A 段含油性次之，而滑塌岩含油性较差。

Tak ing Chang 7 of the T riassic Yanchang age as the tu rn ing po in t, the depocen ter of Yanchang L ake in O rdo s Basin m igrated sou thw estw ardly f rom W uqi2Fux ian area in Early T riassic to Huach i2 Huangling area inM iddle2L ate T riassic. A ffected by the m igrat ion, the sou thw est depo sit ional system and the no rtheast depo sit ional system developed un symm et rically. The sou thw est system w asmo re basinw ard2 ex tending in Early Taiassic than in L ate T riassic, how ever the no rtheast system has the oppo sit ion condit ion. The in ten sive o rogen ic movem en t of late Indo2Ch inese epoch in w estern Q in ling cau sed the SW to N E comp ressive fo rce to O rdo s Basin and the vert ical up lif t of Yin shan region cau sed the t ilt of the no rtheast part of the Basin. The comp ressive fo rce and the t ilt m ay be the o rigin of the depocen ter m igrat ion and the un symm et rical developm en t of the sou th and no rth depo sit ional system s du ringM iddle2 L ate T riassic in O rdo s Basin.

鄂尔多斯盆地中—上三叠统延长组沉积时期, 湖盆中心存在向西南方向逐渐迁移的特征: 早 期湖盆中心在吴旗—富县一带, 中晚期向南迁移至华池—黄陵一带。受湖盆底形变化影响, 延长组 发育的西南沉积体系与东北沉积体系具有此强彼弱不对称发育的特点, 即西南沉积体系在延长组 沉积早期向盆内延伸距离远, 长7 期以后显著退缩, 而东北沉积体系则反之。印支晚期西秦岭强烈 的造山活动对盆地产生的自西南向北东方向的挤压力, 以及阴山地区垂向构造隆升作用引起盆地 东北部的翘升, 可能是导致湖盆中心迁移及延长组南、北沉积体系不对称发育的根源。

以鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘延长组为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学原理,对延河等露头沉积特征进行深入研究.研究认为不整合面、冲刷侵蚀面、岩性岩相转换面和湖泛 面为重要的层序界面,并划分出1个超长期基准面旋回,5个长期基准面旋回及17个中期基准面旋回.延长期东、西两岸发育河流-三角洲沉积体系,东北部主要 为曲流河、曲流河三角洲体系；西南主要发育辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积体系.有利储集砂体主要为水下分流河道成因、水下分流河道-河口坝复合成因、河口坝成 因和滑塌浊积扇成因等4种类型.研究认为,随湖平面变化,在基准面升降过程中,可容纳空间(A)与沉积物补给量(S)的比值(A/S)影响不同物源方向沉 积体系的分布,并建立了沉积演化分布模式.

Based on large quantities of drilling, outcrop and core data, combined with field observation and laboratory study, the lake shoreline, deep lake line and the lake basin bed formwere restored. The result shows that the lake basin center of Chang 6 period is located at Zhengning, Ganquan and Miaowan area. Delta sand bodies are developed in northeast gentle slope break zone, braided delta and gravity flow （mainly turbidite and sandy debris flow） in deep lake are developed in southwest steep slope break zone, shallowwater slope break zone and deep water gentle slope break zone are mainly developed in the northeast, and deep water steep slope break zone is mainly developed in the southwest of the lake basin, with the center migrating to the southwest and then to northeast. Therefore, delta sand body is still the target of exploration in the future. Meanwhile, the exploration of sand body formed in deep lake and during flooding should be enhanced. The sand body distribution rule in the east gentle slope break zone is different to that in the west steep slope break zone, sowe should adopt a different exploration strategy for different areas.

根据大量钻井、露头及岩心资料，采用野外观察与室内研究相结合的方法，对鄂尔多斯盆地延长期 湖岸线、深湖线、湖盆底形等进行了恢复，所恢复的长6 湖盆中心位于正宁、甘泉、庙湾等地。东北部缓坡 带主要发育三角洲砂体，西南部陡坡带主要发育辫状河三角洲及深湖区重力流（主要为浊积岩和砂质碎 屑流）砂体；湖盆东北部发育浅水坡折带和深水缓坡型坡折带，西南部发育深水陡坡型坡折带，湖盆中心 具有先向西南方向迁移，再向东北方向迁移的演化特点。在对三角洲砂体的勘探继续关注的同时，深水区 及湖泛期砂体的勘探也应引起进一步的重视；受东部缓坡坡折带控制的地区和受西部陡坡坡折带控制的 地区砂体的展布规律不同，应采取不同的勘探思路。

By a comprehensive analysis of cores and thin sections and other data, detailed studies have been made on the rock types, granularity and sedimentary structures of the sublacustrine fan of Interval 6 of Yanchang Formation of Upper Triassic in the southwestern Ordos Basin. The results show that the Interval 6 of Yanchang Formation is composed of lithic feldspathic sandstones, feldspathic lithic sandstones and feldspathic sandstones. The compositional and textural maturities of turbidites are low while the matrix content is high. The granularity analysis results show typical features of turbidite deposits. Grading sequence, burthen structures,and the Bouma Sequence are developed in the turbidites sliding structures,which demonstrate obvious features of both the rhythmicity and the cyclicity.  Totally 3 kinds of turbidites have been recognized and described, including thinlybedded, mediumlybedded and thicklybedded turbidites. On the basis of this investigation, subfacies are identified and their characteristics are described. The turbidites are mainly developed in the Qingyang, Heshui, Gucheng and Anzhinongchang areas and are controlled by exterior triggering mechanism, aboundant sediment supply, paleoslope and so on.

通过岩心观测、薄片观察和各种资料的综合分析，对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上三叠统延长组长6油层组湖底扇的岩石类型、粒度特征、沉积构造等特征进行了详细研究。研究结果表明长6油层组浊积岩的岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩；浊积砂岩的矿物成分成熟度低，结构成熟度较低，杂基含量高。粒度分析表明其具有典型的浊流特征。沉积构造可见递变粒序、底层面构造、滑塌角砾，且发育鲍马序列；反映了浊积岩具有明显的韵律性和旋回性。识别出薄层浊积岩、中层浊积岩、厚层浊积岩3种类型并分别描述其特征。在此基础上进行了亚相划分，详细描述了各亚相特征，确定了浊积岩分布在庆阳、合水、固城、安置农场地区。浊积岩的形成主要受外界的触发机制、充足的物源供给、古斜坡地形等因素控制。

Based on th e theory and technology of seismic reservoir,the Permian volcanic reservoir in Wuxia area in northwestern margin ofJunggar Basin is researched．The result shows that the volcanic rock(1ava tufbreccia)is resulted from the fissure volcanic eruption，the distribution is mainly controlled by the early crater and the paleogeomorphology before volcanic eruption，and the reservoir space is mainly air hole．By using the technology of the coherence analysis and the paleogeomorphology recovery，the characteristics of the crater and paleogeomorphology before volcanic eruption are identified．The technology of logging and geophysics are applied to predict the favorable lithologies，the forecasting technique for fissure volcanic reservoir is formed and good results have been achieved．

应用地震储层学的理论、方法和技术对准噶尔盆地西北缘乌夏地区二叠系火山岩进行了研究。首先，明确了此类 火山岩(熔结角砾凝灰岩)是裂隙式火山喷发的产物，其分布主要受早期火山口和火山喷发前古地貌的 控制，储集空间以气孔为主：其次．采用本征值相干分析和古地貌恢复技术明确了火山口及喷发前古地貌 特征：最后，综合利用测井、物探技术，对火山岩的有利岩性进行预测，形成了裂隙式喷发火山岩储层综合预测技术，并取得了较好的应用效果。