多种剥蚀厚度恢复方法在内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系中的应用及其地质意义

田涛, 任战利, 杨鹏, 曹展鹏, 杨甫. (2016)多种剥蚀厚度恢复方法在内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系中的应用及其地质意义[J]. 古地理学报, 18(6): 1002-1011
Tian Tao, Ren Zhanli, Yang Peng, Cao Zhanpeng, Yang Fu. (2016)Application of multi-methods for recovering denuded strata thickness of the Jurassic and Cretaceous in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia and its geological significance[J]. Journal Of Palaeogeography, 18(6): 1002-1011. DOI:10.7605/gdlxb.2016.06.076 复制到剪切板

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田涛^1,², 任战利³, 杨鹏³, 曹展鹏³, 杨甫^1,²

1 国土资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室,陕西西安 710026

2 陕西省煤田地质有限公司,陕西西安 710026

3 西北大学地质学系,陕西西安 710069

第一作者简介田涛,男,1987年生,博士,2015年毕业于西北大学地质学系,现为国土资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质研究。E-mail:tiantao870211@163.com。

收稿日期:2015-10-15

摘要

剥蚀厚度恢复是进行盆地埋藏史、热演化史、油气成藏等定量分析的基础。文中利用镜质体反射率法、流体包裹体法、声波时差法和地层厚度趋势法等多种方法,恢复了内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系剥蚀厚度。计算结果表明,侏罗系和白垩系总剥蚀厚度为 1610.9~2177.0, m;在流体包裹体法和地层厚度趋势法约束下,恢复的侏罗系剥蚀厚度为 930.2~1395.3, m,白垩系剥蚀厚度为 0~612.1, m。雅布赖盆地侏罗系剥蚀厚度“北大南小”,白垩系剥蚀厚度“南大北小”,反映盆地改造强度具有晚侏罗世南弱北强、早白垩世南强北弱的特征。大规模隆升剥蚀,导致地层温度下降、烃源岩遭到破坏,一定程度上制约着雅布赖盆地的烃源岩成熟演化以及油气生成。

关键词: 剥蚀厚度; 厚度恢复; 侏罗系; 白垩系; 雅布赖盆地; 内蒙古

中图分类号:P618.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1671-1505(2016)06-1002-10

Application of multi-methods for recovering denuded strata thickness of the Jurassic and Cretaceous in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia and its geological significance

Tian Tao^1,², Ren Zhanli³, Yang Peng³, Cao Zhanpeng³, Yang Fu^1,²

1 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization,MLR,Xi'an 710026,Shaanxi;

2 Shaanxi Coal Geology Group Co. Ltd., Xi'an 710026,Shaanxi;

3 Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,Shaanxi;

About the first author Tian Tao,born in 1987,graduated from department of Geology of Northwest University,and obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2015. Now he is an engineer of Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization,MLR, and engaged in unconventional petroleum geology. E-mail:tiantao870211@163.com.

Abstract

Recovery of denuded strata thickness is the foundation of making quantitative analysis of basin burial history,thermal history and hydrocarbon accumulation. In this paper,the denuded thickness of the Jurassic and Cretaceous in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia was calculated by the methods of vitrinite reflectance( R_O),fluid inclusion,interval transit-time and trend surface of formation thickness. The analysis results show that the total denuded thickness of the Jurassic and Cretaceous is 1610.9-2177.0,m, and that of Jurassic and Cretaceous is 930.2-1395.3,m and 0-612.1,m respectively under the constraint results calculated by fluid inclusion and trend surface of formation thickness methods. The denuded thickness of Jurassic appears larger in north and smaller in south, while that of Cretaceous shows diametrically opposed as larger in south and smaller in north. The spatial distribution characteristics of denuded strata thickness indicate that the intensity of tectonic uplift in north was much stronger than that in south during the Late Jurassic and interconverted during the Early Cretaceous. The formation temperature descended and the source rocks were destroyed after the large scale uplifting and denudation,and that restricted the maturity and thermal evolution of source rocks and even the hydrocarbon generation in Yabrai Basin to a certain extent.

Key words: denuded strata thickness; recovery of strata thickness; Jurassic; Cretaceous; Yabrai Basin; Inner Mongolia

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沉积盆地的形成演化普遍伴随有地层剥蚀过程的发生, 并常常造成地层间呈不整合接触。盆地中沉积地层剥蚀厚度和过程的恢复及其空间分布特征, 对沉积过程、构造演化、热演化史分析等具有重要作用, 因为在含油气盆地分析中, 这些因素将直接或间接地对油气的生成、运移、保存、破坏等造成影响(黄捍东等, 2006; 曹强等, 2007; 吴涛等, 2015)。早期提出的剥蚀厚度恢复方法主要有地层对比法和沉降速率法、声波时差法(AC)、镜质组反射率(R_O)法和波动方程法等(Magara, 1976; Dow, 1977; Katz et al., 1988; 何生和王青玲, 1989; 刘国臣等, 1995), 之后得到了不断的改进和发展(陈增智等, 1999; 胡圣标, 1999; 佟彦明等, 2005; 佟彦明和朱光辉, 2006)。较新出现的剥蚀厚度恢复方法有磷灰石裂变径迹法(AFT)、包裹体测温恢复法和沉积-构造综合分析法(柳益群和周立发, 1997; 胡少华, 2004; 赵立彬等, 2006; 史长林等, 2011)。上述这些方法均较多依靠测井数据和实验分析数据等, 因此对于钻井资料较少的勘探新区来说, 难以利用以上方法获得可靠的结果。针对新探区域的剥蚀厚度恢复, 有学者结合地震剖面资料提出了沉积地层趋势厚度分析法(李坤等, 2007; 梁全胜等, 2009)。内蒙古雅布赖盆地为中国西北地区勘探程度较低的小型盆地, 为了做好勘探研究, 需要系统进行剥蚀厚度恢复分析。本次分析在沉积地层发育特征基础上, 以研究区主要经历晚侏罗世和早白垩世晚期2次重要抬升过程为地质约束, 利用声波时差法、镜质体反射率法、流体包裹体法等计算单井剥蚀量, 并结合地震解释剖面, 采用地层厚度趋势法进行区域剥蚀量估算, 从而形成多种方法相互约束和验证。根据计算结果, 探讨雅布赖盆地地层剥蚀厚度分布特征及其地质意义。

1 地质概况

雅布赖盆地位于中国内蒙古阿拉善地区北部, 面积约1.5× 10⁴, km², 是受北大山逆冲推覆断裂和雅布赖山正断层控制发育的小型断陷翘倾叠合盆地(吴茂炳等, 2007; 赵宏波, 2011)。该盆地由西部坳陷和东部隆起2个一级构造单元构成, 西部坳陷可进一步划分为红杉湖凹陷、萨尔台凹陷和黑茨湾凸起3个二级构造单元。其中, 萨尔台凹陷可划分为盐场次凹、黑沙低凸起、小湖子次凹3个次级构造单元(图 1-a)。该盆地主要发育侏罗系、白垩系和新生界(图 1-c), 其中侏罗系厚2730, m, 可进一步分为中侏罗统青土井组、新河组和上侏罗统沙枣河组, 白垩系厚约300, m。磷灰石裂变径迹分析(田涛等, 2015a)表明, 雅布赖盆地在侏罗纪晚期和早白垩世晚期发生了2次较大规模的抬升剥蚀事件, 2期沉积地层在黑茨湾凸起地区减薄叠合, 形成特殊的“ 翘倾叠合” 型式, 呈削截不整合接触(图 1-b)。

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	图1 内蒙古雅布赖盆地地质综合图及采样位置Fig.1 Comprehensive geological map of Yabrai Basin in Inner Mongolia and sampling location

2 剥蚀厚度恢复

2.1 镜质体反射率法

随着埋藏温度的升高, 有机质热演化程度逐渐增大, 镜质体反射率数值变大, 但当地层抬升冷却时, R_O值不会随着温度的降低而减小, 即镜质体反射率的热演化过程具有不可逆性。通过一定的换算关系可以恢复 R_O记录的地质历史时期地层曾达到的最高古地温。基于这一特性, Dow(1977)根据分布在不整合面上下构造层中的镜质体反射率, 利用差值法来估算某期地层的剥蚀厚度。随着镜质体反射率差值法在盆地沉降史、构造演化史、热演化史等研究领域的应用实践, 国内学者发现该方法存在一定的缺陷并进行了合理的改善。胡圣标(1999)指出Dow(1977)提出的直接利用不整合面上下 R_O数据估算的地层抬升规模与剥蚀量的方法缺乏一定的理论基础, 利用该方法得出的结果并不是不整合面上的地层剥蚀厚度, 而是相当于正断层错动导致的地层缺失量。陈增智等(1999)考虑到再埋藏作用对分布在不整合面上下的镜质体反射率影响程度不同, 认为在再埋藏进行的早期阶段, 不整合面上部的镜质体反射率变化程度较大而不整合面下部老地层的镜质体反射率则变化程度较小。当再埋藏作用进行到一定程度时, 不整合面上下的镜质体反射率之间的差距会越来越小, 甚至无法区分, 给利用Dow(1977)的差值法估算剥蚀厚度带来一定困难。因此, 陈增智等(1999)提出了基于 R_O-TTI法的镜质体反射率法进行地层剥蚀厚度恢复。佟彦明等(2005)、佟彦明和朱光辉(2006)在陈增智等(1999)的理论基础上, 对最高古地温法作了进一步发展, 提出了一种利用 R_O数据恢复剥蚀厚度的新方法, 即ln(R_O)-H线性关系回归法。这种新方法不但具有最高古地温法的合理思想, 而且计算过程简单易行。

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	图2 镜质体反射率法恢复的内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系顶面剥蚀厚度Fig.2 Denuded strata thickness restoration of the Jurassic surface by vitrinite reflectance(R_O)method in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia

本次剥蚀厚度恢复主要利用分布于不整合面下伏地层的镜质体反射率值, 建立其与埋藏深度(H)之间的线性回归关系, 并将其外推至ln(0.2)≈ -1.61处, 得到近似的古地表, 而古地表和不整合面之间的差值即为某一构造层顶面的剥蚀厚度。利用该方法恢复出了研究区部分单井侏罗系顶面剥蚀厚度, 如小湖子次凹中Yt1、Yt2、Yt3井侏罗系顶面剥蚀厚度分别为1706.1, m(图2-b)、1610.98, m、1921.1, m(图2-d); 盐场次凹Yc1井侏罗系顶面剥蚀厚度约1671.15, m(图2-a); 黑沙低凸起Hs1井侏罗系顶面剥蚀厚度约2054.66, m(图 2-c)。

2.2 声波时差法

剥蚀后沉降未对早期(不整合面以下)地层压实规律造成破坏即未发生过补偿沉积过程, 是声波时差法恢复地层剥蚀厚度的前提条件(付晓飞等, 2004; 周路等, 2007), 其通常根据不整合面上下 R_O与深度分布的分段性来判断。由于本次研究中 R_O测点均在侏罗系不整合面以下, 故无法通过 R_O、埋深、不整合面三者之间的关系来判断声波时差法是否适用于本区, 但可通过对雅布赖地区沉积-构造演化、现今地层厚度结合 R_O法恢复的剥蚀厚度等进行推断。在中侏罗世, 研究区南北断层活动加剧, 黑茨湾隆起, 此时形成巨厚的中侏罗统; 晚侏罗世早期至中期, 气候干旱, 不利于沉积, 形成了相对较薄的上侏罗统沙枣河组; 晚侏罗世末期, 北部急剧隆起, 剥蚀了大量侏罗系; 早白垩世再次进入沉积期, 其中早白垩世晚期北部急剧沉降, 而南部相对隆起, 剥蚀掉大量白垩系, 沉积中心北移; 进入新生代以来, 盆地普遍处于隆升阶段。由沉积-构造演化过程可见, 研究区仅在中侏罗世和早白垩世出现了较快的沉降, 其他时期均处在不利于沉积或隆升剥蚀的阶段, 且剥蚀厚度巨大。通过钻井层位的划分和地震综合解释剖面得知, 研究区不整合面上部沉积地层厚度小, 如白垩系/古近系不整合面(K/E)之上的沉积地层仅厚27.0~299.0, m; 白垩系/侏罗系不整合面(J/K)之上的沉积地层厚度为353.0~592.0, m; 侏罗系/古近系(J/E)不整合面之上的地层厚度为97.0~233.0, m。 R_O法恢复的剥蚀厚度可达2000, m以上, 远大于后期沉积厚度, 因此, 研究区可以利用声波时差法来恢复剥蚀厚度。将声波时差与深度的线性关系反推至620~650 μ s/m处, 得到近似古地表, 并进一步根据与不整合面之间的差值确定剥蚀厚度。如Yt2井、Yt3井、Yt4井利用声波时差法恢复侏罗系顶面总剥蚀厚度分别为1778.0, m、2177.0, m和1620.0, m(图 3), 与用镜质体反射率法恢复的结果相接近。

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	图3 声波时差法恢复的内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系顶面剥蚀厚度Fig.3 Denuded strata thickness restoration of the Jurassic surface by interval transit-time method in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia

2.3 流体包裹体法

在沉积盆地沉降深埋、抬升剥蚀等地质过程中均有包裹体的产生。均一温度测温分析表明, 矿物在埋深较大时捕获的包裹体均一温度较高, 在抬升冷却时捕获的包裹体均一温度较低(史长林等, 2011)(图 4)。因此, 根据地层抬升前后2个流体包裹体均一温度的差异, 结合古地温梯度, 利用公式(1)即可恢复某一构造层的顶面剥蚀厚度:

$\begin{matrix} H = \frac{T_{a} - T_{b}}{d_{T} / d_{Z}} \end{matrix}$ (1)

式中:H为地层剥蚀厚度(m); T_a 为抬升剥蚀前流体包裹体均一温度(℃); T_b 为抬升剥蚀后流体包裹体均一温度(℃); d_T/d_Z为抬升剥蚀期古地温梯度(℃/100m)。

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	图4 包裹体法恢复剥蚀厚度示意图Fig.4 Diagram showing denuded strata thickness restoration by fluid inclusion method

本次研究共计观察19个钻井砂岩包裹体薄片, 并对其中的18个进行了流体包裹体均一温度测定。测温结果显示, 大部分包裹体均一温度直方图显示出高、低温2个峰值, 是沉积盆地在沉降增温、抬升冷却的不同温度阶段所捕获。根据镜下观察与测温结果, 选取Yt1-2、Yt7-2、Hs1-2等具有代表性的样品进行包裹体法剥蚀厚度恢复。

Yt1-2样品取自Yt1井2368.63~2368.76, m段, 处于中侏罗统新河组下段(J₂x¹)。镜下观察显示, Yt1-2样品早期流体包裹体赋存在石英颗粒内部、未切穿胶结物, 晚期流体包裹体则赋存于石英颗粒周边的晚期胶结物中(图 5-a)。均一温度测温结果显示, 早期流体包裹体均一温度较高、主要集中分布在120~125, ℃, 晚期包裹体均一温度较低、主要集中分布在85~90, ℃。由于目前尚无法判别2期流体包裹体被捕获具体时间, 本次利用流体包裹体恢复的剥蚀厚度结果应小于实际剥蚀厚度。Yt1-2样品早期高温包裹体均一温度(120~125, ℃)为侏罗系抬升剥蚀前最高古地温(T_a), 晚期低温包裹体均一温度(85~90, ℃)为侏罗系抬升剥蚀后地层降温时捕获(T_b)。通过古地温场分析(田涛等, 2015b), Yt1井抬升剥蚀期古地温梯度取3.2, ℃/100, m, 代入公式(1)即可得Yt1井侏罗系顶面剥蚀厚度为1094.0, m。由于Yt1井白垩系全被剥蚀殆尽, 缺乏白垩系包裹体样品, 无法通过该方法恢复白垩系剥蚀厚度, 可与R_O法、声波时差法恢复的总剥蚀厚度相结合, 推算白垩系剥蚀厚度。 R_O法恢复的Yt1井总剥蚀厚度1706.1, m, 总剥蚀厚度减去侏罗系剥蚀厚度可得Yt1井白垩系剥蚀厚度为612.1, m。相同方法, 计算可得Yt7井侏罗系剥蚀厚度约为937.5~1250.0, m、白垩系剥蚀厚度为460.0~772.5, m; Hs1井侏罗系剥蚀厚度为930.2~1395.3, m、白垩系剥蚀厚度为659.3~1124.5, m(表 1)。

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	图5 内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系样品流体包裹体测温点及均一温度直方图 a— Yt1-2井; b— Yt7-2井; c— Hs1-2井Fig.5 Temperature measuring points of fluid inclusions and homogenization temperature histogram of samples from the Jurassic and Cretaceous in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia

表1 包裹体均一温度法恢复的内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系剥蚀厚度 Table1 Data of denuded strata thickness of the Jurassic and Cretaceous by homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia

2.4 地层厚度趋势法

通过地震解释技术, 可以区分出沉积地层间存在的不整合接触关系, 并能确定被剥蚀地层的残留顶界面。当不整合面下伏地层出现削顶接触关系时, 则可根据下伏地层的残留顶界面趋势进行追踪, 恢复地层被剥蚀前的原始面貌。在利用沉积地层厚度趋势法时, 为了方便地层追踪, 一般选取地层横向变化波动较小的剖面(梁全胜等, 2009)。

雅布赖盆地南北地区在不同时期遭受了不同强度的叠合改造, 地层差异变化幅度大。因此, 选取萨尔台凹陷东西向地震剖面(YL97-564)进行综合解释, 并根据沉积地层厚度趋势法恢复侏罗系、白垩系原始地层沉积趋势面。萨尔台凹陷东部残留较完整的上侏罗统, 存在上侏罗统顶面地层, 可以根据顶界面变化趋势恢复侏罗系剥蚀前沉积界面。由于剖面中未出现完整白垩系顶界, 仅在东部残留部分白垩系, 其与上覆古近系呈不整合接触。因此, 可将该残留白垩系的中心作为白垩系零剥蚀点, 此时恢复出来的白垩系剥蚀厚度为最小剥蚀厚度, 可估算沿此剖面线方向展布的侏罗系剥蚀厚度主要为1100.0~1200.0, m, 白垩系剥蚀厚度为0~615.5, m、主要为600, m左右。将离剖面线较近的井位投影至构造剖面图中, 便可根据比例尺和追踪的剥蚀趋势线估算剥蚀厚度, 例如J1井侏罗系剥蚀厚度约1050.0, m, 白垩系剥蚀厚度约650.0, m; Hs1井侏罗系剥蚀厚度约1210.0, m, 白垩系剥蚀厚度约600.0, m(图 6)。

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	图6 内蒙古雅布赖盆地萨尔台凹陷东西向侏罗系顶界面恢复剖面(YL97-564测线)Fig.6 Surface restoration of the Jurassic section in EN direction (line YL97-564)in Sartai sag, Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia

镜质体反射率法(R_O)与声波时差法(AC)基本原理相似, 均根据不整合面上下某一参数因地层剥蚀而产生的差值进行计算。在满足计算条件前提下, 这两种方法都较方便快捷, 但用声波时差法计算的过程中需要读取泥岩正常压实段的时差数据, 受人为影响因素较大, 不同人计算的结果具有一定的差异性。包裹体均一温度法关键在于所需参数和不同期次包裹体的准确识别与分析, 由于包裹体均一温度峰值多为某一温度区间, 所以计算出来的剥蚀厚度同样多为区间值, 具一定的波动性。为减小计算误差, 地层厚度趋势法一般适用于地层横向波动幅度较小的区域。本次研究受样品采集、各方法适应条件、资料丰度低等因素的影响, 并非所有单井均能利用每种方法进行恢复, 单井对比程度较低, 就Yt1、Yt2、Yt3、Yc1、Hs1等可对比的单井来讲, 本次采用各方法计算出的结果均保持较好的一致性(表 2)。不同剥蚀厚度恢复方法均具有其各自优点和不足, 为了保障计算结果的准确性, 需要多种方法相互验证。

表2 不同方法恢复的内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系剥蚀厚度对比 Table2 Comparison of denuded strata thickness restoration of the Jurassic and Cretaceous by different methods in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia

3 剥蚀量平面分布

受资料丰度限制, 准确恢复每口单井侏罗系和白垩系2期地层剥蚀厚度有一定困难。在现有单井剥蚀厚度恢复结果的基础上, 结合沉积构造演化、地质剖面以及前人研究成果, 对次级构造单元和构造带进行局部细化, 由点到面、由定量到定性绘制研究区总剥蚀量、侏罗系剥蚀量、白垩系剥蚀量平面分布并进行分析。

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	图7 内蒙古雅布赖盆地侏罗系和白垩系剥蚀厚度等厚图 a— 总剥蚀厚度分布图; b— 侏罗系剥蚀厚度分布图; c— 白垩系剥蚀厚度分布图Fig.7 Isoline map of denuded strata thickness of the Jurassic and Cretaceous in Yabrai Basin of Inner Mongolia

研究区总剥蚀厚度以萨尔台凹陷为中心, 向北部(黑茨湾低凸起), 中部(黑沙低凸起)以及东部(东部隆起)方向, 逐渐增大(图 7-a); 由于侏罗系剥蚀厚度明显大于白垩系剥蚀厚度, 致使侏罗系剥蚀厚度与总剥蚀厚度分布特征相当(图 7-b); 白垩系剥蚀厚度分布特征与侏罗系剥蚀厚度分布特征呈相反的趋势, 剥蚀厚度由南部凹陷带向北部凸起和红杉湖凹陷方向减小(图 7-c)。在雅布赖盆地沉积-构造演化, 尤其是晚侏罗世和早白垩世的差异性沉降隆升的控制下, 形成上述剥蚀厚度平面分布特征。

白垩系剥蚀厚度与侏罗系剥蚀厚度呈相反分布趋势, 表明盆地经历了2期差异隆升剥蚀与沉降。中侏罗世, 盆地南部沉积厚层侏罗系, 向北大山山前呈增厚趋势; 晚侏罗世末期, 盆地北部隆升强烈, 剥蚀了大量侏罗系, 甚至全部遭剥蚀。早白垩世晚期北部急剧沉降, 沉积了厚层白垩系, 而南部急剧隆升, 剥蚀掉大量白垩系, 局部被全部剥蚀, 沉积中心北移。此时, 在2期隆升剥蚀与沉降的差异性作用下, 北部局部白垩系直接覆盖在南部残留侏罗系之上, 相互叠合呈削截不整合接触关系, 形成现今沉积构造格局。

计算结果显示, 雅布赖盆地总剥蚀厚度普遍高达1600, m以上, 剥蚀强度较大, 按该区古地温梯度2.8~4.3, ℃/100, m(田涛等, 2015)计算, 隆升剥蚀可导致地层温度降低44.8~68.8, ℃以上, 这制约了侏罗系烃源岩热演化并向油气转化的能力, 并且大规模的隆升剥蚀致使烃源岩层遭到破坏, 故从烃源岩质量和规模两方面给雅布赖盆地生油气潜力带来一定影响。

4 结论

1)多种地层剥蚀厚度恢复方法相结合, 表明内蒙古雅布赖盆地北部侏罗系剥蚀厚度大于南部, 南部白垩系剥蚀厚度大于北部, 反映了盆地改造强度具有晚侏罗世南弱北强、早白垩世南强北弱的特征, 盆地形成演化经历了差异性隆升剥蚀与沉降过程。

2)雅布赖盆地大规模的隆升剥蚀必然导致地层温度降低和烃源岩层破坏等, 这对盆地烃源岩热演化、油气生成产生重要影响。多种方法恢复雅布赖盆地剥蚀厚度, 可为今后该区的油气勘探提供一定的地质依据。

作者声明没有竞争性利益冲突.

参考文献

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1999

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陈增智, 柳广弟, 郝石生. 1999. 修正的镜质体反射率剥蚀厚度恢复方法. 沉积学报, 17(1): 141-144.

[Chen Z

, Liu G

, Hao S

1999. A corrected method of using vitrinite reflectance data to estimate the thickness of sediment removed at an unconformity. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 17(1): 141-144]

Dow(1977) observed that vitrinite reflectance profiles that pass through an unconformity commonly exhibit an offset at the unconformity.And the offset could be used to estimate the amount of missing section.The estimation is accomplished graphically by projecting the preunconformity portion of the profile upward to the point where it attains a value equal to the vitrinite reflectance immediately above the unconformity.The vertical distance between this point and the unconformity was presented as the amount of missing section.This method has been widely used since the late 70's.And its inaccuracy is getting more and more apparent through further application.This paper presents a detailed study on the organic maturation of vitrinite during the burying-uplifting-reburing process.An organic maturity modeling,which integrates complete thermal and burial histories,is used.By the principle of reaction kinetics,it is assuned that the maturation process of the section below the unconformity continues during the erosional phase and the reburial phase.During the reburial phase,the sections above and below the unconformity undergo continued maturation (increases in cumulative TTI values) at different reaction rates,and results in a difference of organic maturation between the two sections. So the difference can be used to trace their burial histories of these sections.And then we proposes a corrected method to estimate the thickness of sediment removed at an unconformity using vitrinite reflectance data of the formations blow and above the unconformity.which can get a more accurate result than Dow's one.

针对目前用的地层剥蚀厚度恢复镜质体反射率差值法所存在问题，在考察地层沉降、抬升、再沉降埋藏史过程的基础上，根据有机质演化累积性和不可逆性原则，利用经典的有机质成熟度时温关系模型（ＴＴＩ），建立了修正的镜质体反射率剥蚀厚度恢复方法。该方法不仅考虑了剥蚀界面上下镜质体反射率的相对值，还考虑了各自绝对量，与以往仅考虑镜质体反射率差值相比，有较大改进。

... 刘国臣等,1995),之后得到了不断的改进和发展(陈增智等,1999 ...

... 陈增智等(1999)考虑到再埋藏作用对分布在不整合面上下的镜质体反射率影响程度不同,认为在再埋藏进行的早期阶段,不整合面上部的镜质体反射率变化程度较大而不整合面下部老地层的镜质体反射率则变化程度较小 ...

... 因此,陈增智等(1999)提出了基于 R_O-TTI法的镜质体反射率法进行地层剥蚀厚度恢复 ...

... 佟彦明等(2005)、佟彦明和朱光辉(2006)在陈增智等(1999)的理论基础上,对最高古地温法作了进一步发展,提出了一种利用 R_O数据恢复剥蚀厚度的新方法,即ln(R_O)-H线性关系回归法 ...

2007

0.0

曹强, 叶加仁, 王巍. 2007. 沉积盆地地层剥蚀厚度恢复方法及进展. 中国石油勘探, 12(6): 41-46.

[Cao

, Ye J

, Wang

2007. The methods and advance of denuded strata thickness restoration in sediment basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 12(6): 41-46]

地层剥蚀厚度的准确恢复对正确重建沉积盆地原始沉积--构造演化史、热史及油气生、排、运、聚史和定量评价油气资源潜力至关重要.在科学界定剥蚀厚度的含义和分析影响地层剥蚀厚度因素的基础上,提出了沉积盆地中恢复地层剥蚀厚度方法新的分类方案,将现有恢复方法划归为地质分析对比法、地热指标法、测井技术法、沉积速率法及其他方法等五大类,并选择4种常用方法对比分析了其基本原理、优缺点和适用条件.认为在实际工作中,应在充分了解各种方法的特点和正确认识区域地质背景的前提下,选用合适的恢复方法,并辅之以其他方法手段,综合、定量地恢复地层剥蚀量.

... 曹强等,2007 ...

2004

0.0

付晓飞, 李兆影, 卢双舫, 付广. 2004. 利用声波时差资料恢复剥蚀量方法研究与应用. 大庆石油地质与开发, 23(1): 9-11.

[Fu X

, Li Z

, Lu S

, Fu

2004. The study and application on using DT data to calculate the eroded strata. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 23(1): 9-11]

通过分析利用声波时差资料恢复剥蚀量方法原理及其适用条件,认为该方法能够解决滨北地区嫩江组末期之后地层的剥蚀问题.计算结果表明,嫩江组末期不整合面剥蚀量在不同地区差异较大,绥化凹陷的东1井、东401井所在地区剥蚀量大,向西北方向(东6、东7井方向)上剥蚀量开始变小,明水阶地的双2井剥蚀量相对较大,乾元构造带上的河2、克2井剥蚀量比东1、东401井小得多,到黑鱼泡凹陷剥蚀量又有所增大.10个井点反映的规律是嫩江组末期不整合面剥蚀量"南大北小",在绥化凹陷呈现"东强西弱"的特征.

... 2 声波时差法剥蚀后沉降未对早期(不整合面以下)地层压实规律造成破坏即未发生过补偿沉积过程,是声波时差法恢复地层剥蚀厚度的前提条件(付晓飞等,2004 ...

1989

0.0

何生, 王青玲. 1989. 关于用镜质体反射率恢复地层剥蚀厚度的问题讨论. 地质论评, 35(2): 119-125.

[He

, Wang Q

1989. The questions and discussion about the method by vitrinite reflectance to recover the thickness of eroded strata. Geological Review, 35(2): 119-125]

Wallace G.Dow 1977年提出在半对数直角座标系下,利用实测的镜质体反射率(R_0％)与其对应深度(H)的线性相关关系回归直线即称成熟度剖面估算地层剥蚀厚度的方法。本文根据镜体反射率主要受热力,其次受有效加热时间的影响且具不可逆性,对Dow的方法从理论到应用上作了进一步的探讨,并给出了通过镜质体反射率与深度的线性关系恢复地层剥蚀厚度的三种方法。

... 何生和王青玲,1989 ...

2004

0.0

胡少华. 2004. 基于地震资料的构造—沉积综合分析法: 一种剥蚀厚度恢复的新方法. 石油地球物理勘探, 39(4): 478-483.

[Hu S

2004. Integrative structural-sedimentary analysis method based on seismic data: A new method for restoring denuded thickness. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 39(4): 478-483]

Triassic is one of the valuable formations for exploration in Tarim basin,thus the restore of denuded thickness and study of raw basin can further clarify the following problems such as distribution of Triassic sedimentary zone， framework of basin and prediction of exploration prospect,that are significant to exploration in Tarim basin. The paper presented a method for integrative structural-sedimentary analysis based on seismic data in order to restore the denuded thickness. The restoring thedenuded Triassic thickness in Tarim basin is carried out by analysis of a majority of seismic data and drilling data. It's considered that Taxman area in Tarim basin had thicker Triassic sediments，the raw Triassic basin were two foreland basins formed from the press of Beikunlun and Nantianshan in opposite direction, that were Kuche foreland basin and North foreland basin.

三叠系是塔里木盆地最具勘探价值的层系之一,因此对其进行剥蚀厚度恢复及原型盆地研究,可以进一步查明三叠系沉积相带分布、盆地格架以及勘探前景预测等问题,对塔里木盆地勘探具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于地震资料的构造—沉积综合分析,进行剥蚀厚度恢复的方法。通过对大量地震资料和钻井资料分析,对塔里木盆地三叠系剥蚀厚度进行恢复,认为塔里木盆地塔西南地区曾经沉积较厚的三叠系,三叠纪原型盆地可能是受北昆仑和南天山对挤形成的两个前陆盆地,即库车前陆盆地和北部前陆盆地。

... 胡少华,2004 ...

1999

0.0

胡圣标. 1999. 利用镜质体反射率数据估算地层剥蚀厚度. 石油勘探与开发, 26(4): 42-45.

[Hu S

1999. Estimate the thickness of eroded strata by vitrinite reflectance data. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 26(4): 42-45]

认为依照Ｄｏｗ（１９７７）提出的直接利用镜质体反射率数据估算不整合面地层抬升与剥蚀厚度的方法所获得的计算结果并非不整合面地层剥蚀厚度，其物理意义相当于正断层错动造成的地层缺失厚度。强调了古地热梯度随时间的变化及其在剥蚀厚度估算中的意义；阐明利用镜质体反射率数据计算古地热梯度、进而估算剥蚀厚度的方法；通过对Ｄｏｗ（１９７７）的井下数据进行的再评估，演示了此方法的实际操作过程；为使此方法简便易用，给出了用于镜质体反射率与最高古地温换算的ＲｏＴｔ曲线图解。

... 胡圣标,1999 ...

2006

0.0

黄捍东, 罗群, 王春英, 姜晓健, 朱之锦. 2006. 柴北缘西部中生界剥蚀厚度恢复及其地质意义. 石油勘探与开发, 33(1): 44-48.

[Huang H

, Luo

, Wang C

, Jiang X

, Zhu Z

2006. Mesozoic group denudation recover and its petroleum geologic significations in the west Qaidam Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 33(1): 44-48]

There was common denudation in the Mesozoic group in the west of north Qaidam Basin, the denudation quantity played a big role in the correct evaluation of petroleum exploration potential of the whole research region. The authors estimated the Mesozoic stratigraphy denudation thickness and recovered the thermal evolution history of the main source rock by using the "seismic profile method", "Ro method", "matter balance method", and "sonic-time method". The study indicates that the hydrocarbon migrating and accumulating events mainly occur in the Tertiary，there are no huge scale hydrocarbon generating and petroleum migrating, accumulating events before the Tertiary in the study region. There is good petroleum resource potential in the west of north Qaidam Basin.

恢复剥蚀过程和剥蚀量对研究沉积盆地的埋藏史、构造演化史、热史等均具有十分重要的意义。柴达木盆地北缘西部中生界曾遭受剥蚀，剥蚀量大小关系到对整个柴北缘油气勘探潜力的正确评价。重点采用地震剖面法、镜质体反射率法，结合物质平衡法、声波时差法等多种方法，估算了柴北缘中生界剥蚀厚度，在此基础上恢复了柴北缘主要烃源岩成熟演化过程，结果表明：柴北缘的油气运聚成藏事件主要发生在第三系沉积过程中，在此前没有大规模的生排烃和油气运聚成藏事件发生，由此得出柴北缘具有较大油气资源潜力的结论。图8参10

... 盆地中沉积地层剥蚀厚度和过程的恢复及其空间分布特征,对沉积过程、构造演化、热演化史分析等具有重要作用,因为在含油气盆地分析中,这些因素将直接或间接地对油气的生成、运移、保存、破坏等造成影响(黄捍东等,2006 ...

1995

0.0

刘国臣, 金之钧, 李京昌. 1995. 沉积盆地沉积—剥蚀过程定量研究的一种新方法: 盆地波动分析应用之一. 沉积学报, 13(3): 23-31.

[Liu G

, Jin Z

, Li J

1995. A new method on the quantitative study of depositional and erosional processed of sedimentary basins: An application of wave process analysis during basin evolution. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 13(3): 23-31]

The authors established a new method for the quantitative study of the depositional and erosional processes of sedimentary basins by the analysis method of wave process in basin evolution combining with the case study of the Huanghua Depression directed by Prof. Vladimir Shpilman. Prof. Zhang Yiwei and Prof. Vladimir Shpilman pointed out in 1982-1983 that the interference of a series of identical cyclic processes may result in a non-cyclic process, i. e., the observed spacious cyclic process called as sedimentary cycle or rhythm is the interference result of a number of wave processes with a cerium cycle and amplitude. Astronomy has proven that the cycle of solar system's revolution around the Galaxy is 200Ma, and geoscience shows that 60-70Ma, 30Ma are the important cycles to the earth evolution, mantle' s convection and organic evolution. These cycles control the evolution of a sedimentary basin, and there are still other cycles, such as 10, 7, 5, 3, 1, 0.65Ma which affect the evolution of the basin. During the revolution and rotation of the earth, the obliquity of the ecliptic and precession change regularly with cycles of 10×10 4 , 4×10 4 , 2×10 4 years. This is the famous Milankovitch theory which supports to study the high frequency wave processes and to predict the distribution of source rocks, reservoirs and cover beds.If Function F(t) that can describe the depositional and erosional processes of a basin has been obtained by the Study of strata data, including outcrop, drilling and well logging, the primarythickness of the observed strata is F(t), here t. and t refer to the starting and ending times of basin evolution, respectively, whereas the erosed thickness of a hiatus is, F (t), here t1 and t2 refer to the stuning and ending times of the hiatus, respectively.In order to complete the studies mentioned above, the following steps are prerequisite, (1)the selection of areas for study, (2)the statistics of raw data for every area, (3)the trasformation from lithology thichness section to Lithology- time section, (4) restoring the primary thickness and calculating the depeitonal rate, (5)drawing the curve of depositional rate, (6)establishing the wave equation. The reliability of raw data is the key to success. The restoration of primary thickness and calculation of depeitional rate require the study of subsidence history and the determination of strata age. And the use of sliding window is the effective means to separate cyclic waves. The analysis and calculation have proven that the erosion quantity of O2 in the Huanghua area of the Huabei platform is 220m, whether or not there is a depositional process in the Triassic in the Huabei platform is still an arguement. It is made out by us that there is a 15.5m of the Triassic deposit and erosional quantity of the platform in the Cretaceous is 128m. Another obvious advantage of this method is that it can tell you whether or not there is a depositional process during the period of hiatus, for example, three small scale dePOsitional processes from O3 to C1 may be seen from Fig. 3.

本文在概述了确定剥蚀厚度方法基础上，提出了沉积盆地沉积－剥蚀过程定量研究的一种新方法──盆地波动过程分析法。该方法从钻井地层厚度资料入手，通过沉降史的研究，恢复地层的原始沉积厚度，结合各组段地层年代框架的标定，计算出各组段的沉积速率，引入数理方法建立盆地演化的波动方程。并进行剖面和平面上的分析对比，实现对沉积－剥蚀过程的定量预测。

... 刘国臣等,1995),之后得到了不断的改进和发展(陈增智等,1999 ...

1997

0.0

柳益群, 周立发. 1997. 关于地层剥蚀厚度求取方法的讨论: 以吐哈盆地为例. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 27(4): 337-339.

[Liu Y

, Zhou L

1997. Discussion on a method about eroded strata thickness references with Turpan and Hami Basin. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 27(4): 337-339]

以吐－哈油田为例，用镜质体反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹方法综合求取了地层剥蚀厚度。据此求得吐－哈盆地南部地区三叠系剥蚀厚度多小于５００ｍ；盆地北部的台北凹陷侏罗系剥蚀厚度介于６００米到未剥蚀之间；台北凹北部山前带侏罗系肃厚度多在１３００－１８００米之间。

... 较新出现的剥蚀厚度恢复方法有磷灰石裂变径迹法(AFT)、包裹体测温恢复法和沉积-构造综合分析法(柳益群和周立发,1997 ...

2007

0.0

... 针对新探区域的剥蚀厚度恢复,有学者结合地震剖面资料提出了沉积地层趋势厚度分析法(李坤等,2007 ...

2009

0.0

梁全胜, 刘震, 何小胡, 韩军. 2009. 根据地震资料恢复勘探新区地层剥蚀量. 新疆石油地质, 30(1): 103-105.

[Liang Q

, Liu

, He X

, Han

2009. Study of stratigraphic denudation recovery by seismic data in new exploration area. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 30(1): 103-105]

考虑到剥蚀面同时也为层序界面,在传统地层趋势法的基础上,引入了层序地层学观点,从认识剥蚀面的形态、剥蚀范围及剥蚀厚度计算三个方面对传统的地层趋势法进行了完善,提出了层序地层及地层趋势综合分析法,并将该方法在准噶尔盆地东部白家海凸起应用,取得了较好的效果.

... 梁全胜等,2009) ...

... 在利用沉积地层厚度趋势法时,为了方便地层追踪,一般选取地层横向变化波动较小的剖面(梁全胜等,2009) ...

2011

0.0

史长林, 纪有亮, 李清山, 刘德宏. 2011. 包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度新方法在准格尔盆地车—莫古隆起的应用. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 41(1): 64-69.

[Shi C

, Ji Y

, Li Q

, Liu D

2011. Using a new method based on homogeneity temperature of fluid inclusion to restore the thickness of eroded strata of Che-Mo paleo-uplift in Jungger Basin. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 41(1): 64-69]

摘　要：准噶尔盆地车—莫古隆起侏罗系顶部和白垩系底部之间发育剥蚀面（K/J不整合）,恢复古隆起剥蚀厚度是盆地分析的重要研究内容之一。在广泛分析各种剥蚀厚度恢复方法适用性的基础上,结合该区埋藏史和地温史分析,提出了包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度的新方法;其基本原理是利用古隆起开始抬升时形成的包裹体与抬升剥蚀结束时形成的包裹体的均一化温度差和古地温梯度,计算剥蚀量。用该方法恢复了车—莫古隆起的剥蚀厚度,沙1井和盆4井的剥蚀厚度分别为390～438m和361～406m。包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度的计算方法简单,关键是要通过埋藏史、地温史分析和镜下观察包裹体发育部位等综合手段,找到地层抬升开始前和抬升结束时形成的包裹体。该方法适用于后期沉积厚度远大于剥蚀厚度或经历了多期构造运动发育多个不整合面的剥蚀厚度恢复。

... 史长林等,2011) ...

... 均一温度测温分析表明,矿物在埋深较大时捕获的包裹体均一温度较高,在抬升冷却时捕获的包裹体均一温度较低(史长林等,2011)(图 4) ...

2015

0.0

田涛, 任战利, 吴晓青, 马国福, 张睿胜, 杨智明, 王维, 王锦. 2015a. 雅布赖盆地萨尔台凹陷中—新生代构造热事件的磷灰石裂变径迹分析. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 46(8): 2974-2983.

[Tian

, Ren Z

, Wu X

, Ma G

, Zhang R

, Yang Z

, Wang

2015a. Apatite fission track analysis of Meso-Cenozoic tectonic-thermal history in Sartai Depression, Yabrai Basin. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 46(8): 2974-2983]

运用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析方法,探讨分析雅布赖盆地萨尔台凹陷中—新生代构造热事件发生的径迹年龄(AFTA)和长度(AFTL)分布特征,并通过反演法建立热史模型,恢复构造热演化过程。研究结果表明:研究区可能至少经历了3期隆升过程,分别发生在晚侏罗世末期((138.0±10)~135.8 Ma)、早白垩世晚期((116.0±8)~109.3Ma)和古近纪中晚期(52.0~29.4 Ma)。在时间演化上,新河组下段(J2x1)地层在盐场次凹和小湖子次凹具有相似性,但后者地层温度普遍高于前者,尤其在早白垩世,拥有更利于油气生成的地温环境。发生在180.0~146.7 Ma和130.5~100.0 Ma期间的2次增温过程与烃源岩热演化关系密切,地层温度可加热至72.0~135.0℃,是影响油气生成的关键阶段。构造热演化过程的研究为雅布赖盆地萨尔台凹陷的石油、天然气等矿产资源的勘探提供了新的约束条件。

... 磷灰石裂变径迹分析(田涛等,2015a)表明,雅布赖盆地在侏罗纪晚期和早白垩世晚期发生了2次较大规模的抬升剥蚀事件,2期沉积地层在黑茨湾凸起地区减薄叠合,形成特殊的#cod#x0201c ...

... 3,℃/100,m(田涛等,2015)计算,隆升剥蚀可导致地层温度降低44 ...

2015

0.0

田涛, 任战利, 吴晓青, 马国福, 张睿胜, 杨智明, 郭科. 2015b. 雅布赖盆地萨尔台凹陷古地温场与油气成藏期次分析. 沉积学报, 33(4): 836-844.

[Tian

, Ren Z

, Wu X

, Ma G

, Zhang R

, Yang Z

, Guo

2015b. The paleogeothermal field and hydrocarbon accumulation period in Sartai Dpression, Yabrai Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 33(4): 836-844]

根据1957-1998年雅鲁藏布江中游拉萨、日喀则、泽当、江孜4个站6~8月的月平均气温、降水资料,通过线性趋势估计和多项式函数拟合等方法分析了雅鲁藏布江中游地区夏季气候长期趋势变化和周期变化,并利用滑动T检验等方法讨论了气候突变的问题。结果表明:在过去42a里,该流域夏季气温有明显的上升趋势,1980年突变增暖非常明显;而夏季降水呈下降趋势,60年代中后期至80年代末降水普遍偏少,90年代降水出现回升势头。气温、降水的主要周期集中在高频波段,显著周期为2.8~3.5a。

... 通过古地温场分析(田涛等,2015b),Yt1井抬升剥蚀期古地温梯度取3 ...

2005

0.0

佟彦明, 宋立军, 曾少军, 程涛, 危宇宁. 2005. 利用镜质体反射率恢复地层剥蚀厚度的新方法. 古地理学报, 7(3): 417-423.

[Tong Y

, Song L

, Zeng S

, Cheng

, Wei Y

2005. A new method by vitrinite reflectance to estimate thickness of eroded strata. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 7(3): 417-423]

Dow proposed a method by using the differential of vitrinite reflectance of the upper and lower strata to estimate the eroded strata thickness at an unconformity surface in 1977. This method is still widely used in China. But some Chinese scholars have already recognized the irrationality of the method and then have proposed some revising methods. Among them, the “method of the highest paleotemperature(MHP)” is representative due to its rational idea. In order to estimate the eroded strata thickness at an unconformity surface by using vitrinite reflectance data more reasonably and more conveniently, the author has improved the MHP in this paper and got a new method. The improved new method not only inherited the rational idea of MHP but also much simplified calculation process. There are some premises in estimating the eroded strata thickness of the top surface of a structural layer by using Ro data. If all the premises are established, we can directly project the linear regressive relationship between ln (Ro) and H of this structural layer upward to the value of ln (0.2) and get the approximate paleosurface’s position. The distance between paleosurface and unconformity surface is the expected erodedstrata thickness. Recalculating the Dow’s original data with MHP and the new method, we can get the results of 2735 m and 2537 m respectively. These two close results show the feasibility of the new method. And compared with MHP, the new method is more convenient. Both of the close results are far away from Dow’s result of 500 m. Then the author discusses the irrationality of Dow’s result and principle from several aspects. The new method will be widely applied in many branch disciplines of geology.

Dow在1977年提出的利用上下构造层镜质体反射率 (Ro) 差值来估算不整合面地层剥蚀厚度的方法，在国内仍有广泛的应用。但国内有些学者已认识到了该方法的不合理性并提出了一些改进方法，其中最高古地温法因其思想合理而具有代表性。为了能更合理和更简便地利用Ro数据来估算不整合面地层剥蚀厚度，对最高古地温法作了改进，得到了一种利用Ro数据恢复剥蚀厚度的新方法。新方法不仅继承了最高古地温法的合理思想，而且大大简化了具体操作过程。对某一构造层恢复其顶面剥蚀厚度时，在使用Ro数据恢复剥蚀厚度的前提条件得到满足的情况下，直接将该构造层的ln (Ro)－H线性回归关系外推至ln (0.2) 处而得到近似的古地表位置，古地表位置和不整合面位置的差值即为剥蚀厚度。用最高古地温法和新方法对Dow (1977) 的实例数据进行了重新计算，分别得到2 735 m和2 537 m的剥蚀厚度，相近的结果说明了新方法的实际可行性，并且相比之下新方法操作起来更加简便。但与Dow (1977) 得出的500m剥蚀厚度相差甚远。从多个方面讨论了Dow (1977) 结果和原理的不合理性。新方法将广泛应用于多个地质分支学科中。

... 佟彦明等,2005 ...

2006

0.0

佟彦明, 朱光辉. 2006. 利用镜质体反射率恢复地层剥蚀量的几个重要问题. 石油天然气学报, 28(3): 197-199.

[Tong Y

, Zhu G

2006. Some important problems about the method by vitrinite reflectance to recover the amount of eroded strata. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 28(3): 197-199]

介绍了利用Ro恢复不整合面地层剥蚀厚度的原理。对某一构造层恢复其顶面剥蚀厚度时,在使用Ro数据恢复剥蚀厚度的前提条件得到满足的情况下,直接将该构造层的ln(Ro)-H线性回归关系外推至ln(0·2)处而得到近似的古地表位置,古地表位置与不整合面位置的距离即为剥蚀厚度。通过图解说明,上、下构造层古地温梯度的大小关系不同,下伏构造层Ro的补偿过程就不同;只要Ro没被完全补偿就能够用来恢复地层剥蚀厚度,但当下伏构造层被进一步压实而Ro仍未被补偿时,应对结果作适当校正。

... 佟彦明和朱光辉,2006) ...

2007

0.0

吴茂炳, 刘春燕, 郑孟林, 云金表. 2007. 内蒙古西部雅布赖盆地侏罗纪沉积-构造演化及油气勘探方向. 地质通报, 26(7): 857-863.

[Wu M

, Liu C

, Zheng M

, Yun J

2007. Jurassic depositional-tectonic evolution in the Yabulai basin, western Inner Mongolia, China and direction of petroleum exploration. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(7): 857-863]

雅布赖盆地侏罗系为本区主要的勘探目的层.整个侏罗系表现为一个沉积水体由浅-深-浅的演化过程.中-下侏罗统青土井群自下而上划分为3段:第一段为断陷早期沉积的扇三角洲相;第二段为河流、湖盆发育时期产生的冲积扇、扇三角洲、滨浅湖、半深湖亚相等沉积;第三段是在湖泊范围明显增大时期形成的扇三角洲-半深湖亚相沉积.上侏罗统沙枣河组为盆地萎缩时期形成的滨浅湖、冲积扇-河流沉积.认为青土井群二段、三段是主力烃源岩.结合区域构造演化和圈闭条件分析,认为萨尔台凹陷为有利的勘探区,黑沙构造带、黑茨湾地层不整合带为较有利的勘探区带.

... 10⁴,km²,是受北大山逆冲推覆断裂和雅布赖山正断层控制发育的小型断陷翘倾叠合盆地(吴茂炳等,2007 ...

2015

0.0

吴涛, 吴采西, 戚艳平, 姚爱国, 张顺存, 徐洋, 史基安. 2015. 准噶尔盆地地层剥蚀厚度定量恢复方法研究与应用: 以克拉玛依油田八区二叠系下乌尔禾组为例. 古地理学报, 17(1): 81-90.

[Wu

, Wu C

, Qi Y

, Yao A

, Zhang S

, Xu

, Shi J

2015. Quantitative resumption method of stratum denudation thickness and its application in Junggar Basin: A case study on the Permian Lower Urho Formation in Block 8 of Karamay Oilfield. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 17(1): 81-90]

The Permian Lower Urho Formation overlapped layer by layer in the Block 8 of Karamay Oilfield, Junggar Basin. It suffered from intense denudation because of the late strong thrusting and uplifting. Therefore,resuming stratum palaeothickness not only can rebuild the burial and evolution history of the study area,but also is an important base of quantitative estimation of petroleum resources. However,traditional calculation method of denudation thickness is constrained by low degree of exploration. According to actual data and geological conditions of the study area,a suite of quantitative calculation method is probed out. Based on a new way of seismic trend thickness integrated with sedimentary sequences analysis,denudation boundary of the Permian Lower Urho Formation has been outlined. A composite method of the thickness ratio of nearby layers and the change ratio of reference layer thickness have been applied in calculating true denudation thickness of the Member 3 of Lower Urho Formation. By analyzing evolution characteristics of the Member 3 of Lower Urho Formation in the key sedimentary periods,a sedimentary model of fan delta has been established in the study area. The distribution range of delta front subfacies is also depicted at the same time,which can provide reliable geological evidence for the future petroleum exploration.

准噶尔盆地克拉玛依油田八区二叠系下乌尔禾组逐层超覆,后期受强烈冲断作用而抬升,并遭受强烈剥蚀。恢复其地层古厚度不仅能够重建该区埋藏演化史,也是油气资源定量评价的重要基础。然而,研究区勘探程度低,传统剥蚀厚度计算方法受限。针对实际地质条件与现有资料,文中利用地震地层趋势法和沉积层序分析法,在准确圈定剥蚀边界的基础上,根据邻层厚度比值法和参考层厚度变化率法,计算出下乌尔禾组三段剥蚀厚度。在此基础上,通过分析下乌尔禾组三段关键时期的沉积演化特征,建立了研究区扇三角洲沉积模式,确定了扇三角洲前缘储集相带展布范围,为今后的油气勘探提供了可靠的地质依据。

... 吴涛等,2015) ...

2007

0.0

周路, 郑金云, 雷德文, 何登发, 唐勇, 石新璞, 庞雷, 杨志力. 2007. 准噶尔盆地车莫古隆起侏罗系剥蚀厚度恢复. 古地理学报, 9(3): 243-252.

[Zhou

, Zheng J

, Lei D

, He D

, Tang

, Shi X

, Pang

, Yang Z

2007. Recovery of eroded thickness of the Jurassic of Chemo palaeouplift in Junggar Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 9(3): 243-252]

The Chemo palaeouplift is located in the interior of the Junggar Basin. It is oriented in SWNE direction which was formed in the Yanshanian Orogeny. Now it is a monocline with a north to south inclination. The Jurassic of the study area experienced a multistage tectonic movements. Many truncations and onlap unconformity surfaces were developed, thus the study area is profitable for exploration of lithologic petroleum accumulations. By analyses on the eroded stratigraphic thickness and according to the seismic profiles characters, the eroded thickness of the Toutunhe, the Xishanyao and the Sangonghe formations of the Jurassic in the Chemo palaeouplift are reconstructed using the direct seismic profile indexing method combined with the thickness viriation ratio method and the neighboring thickness ratio method. The most intensive erosion occurred in the KuitunMosuowan area, and the largest eroded thickness is 260 m, 340 m, and 140 m respectively for the three formations. The eroded thickness of the Xishanyao Formation in the high palaeouplift was probably formed by twostage tectonic movements, while the eroded thickness of the Sangonghe Formation in the higher palaeouplift was probably from the tectonic movement in the later period. The relationship between the planar distribution characters of the eroded thickness and the formation and evolution of the palaeouplift indicate the late Early Jurassic is the initial forming period of the Chemo palaeouplift, the sedimentary period of Xishanyao Formation is its developing period, and the Late Jurassic is its extensively developing period. The transportation of a great deal of eroded sediment provided the conditions for the lithologic trap formation on the slope area of the palaeouplift. The southern slope area of the Chemo palaeouplift is the profitable petroleum accumulation area.

车莫古隆起位于准噶尔盆地腹部，为一个南西—北东走向的燕山期古隆起，现今构造为由北向南倾斜的单斜。该区侏罗纪经历了多期构造运动，发育多个削蚀和上超不整合面，是地层岩性油气藏勘探的有利地区。通过地层剥蚀厚度恢复主要方法与相关条件的分析,根据研究区实际地震资料特征，采用地震剖面直接追踪法、参考层厚度变化率法和邻层厚度比值法，对车莫古隆起区侏罗系头屯河组、西山窑组、三工河组的剥蚀厚度进行了恢复，其最大剥蚀量均分布在奎屯—莫索湾一带，各层最大剥蚀厚度为260 m、340 m和140 m。其中古隆起高部位的西山窑组剥蚀量可能是由两期构造运动造成的，三工河组剥蚀量的产生可能来自后期构造运动。通过分析剥蚀厚度平面分布特征与古隆起形成、演化之间的关系,指出早侏罗世末期是车莫古隆起的雏形期，西山窑组沉积期是车莫古隆起的逐渐发育时期，侏罗纪末期是车莫古隆起快速发育时期。大量剥蚀产物的搬运为古隆起翼部斜坡区地层岩性圈闭的形成创造了条件，车莫古隆起南部斜坡区是油气聚集的有利地区。

... 周路等,2007),其通常根据不整合面上下 R_O与深度分布的分段性来判断 ...

2006

0.0

赵立彬, 黄志龙, 高岗, 李君. 2006. 恢复地层剥蚀厚度的一种新方法: 包裹体测温法. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 21(1): 15-19.

[Zhao L

, Huang Z

, Gao

, Li

2006. A new method for estimating the removed thickness of sediment using homogenization of fluid inclusions. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 21(1): 15-19]

摘　要：剥蚀厚度恢复是反演盆地埋藏史和油气生成史的前提条件．利用包裹体均一化温度恢复剥蚀厚度是一种较新的方法，依据所利用包裹体生成时期的不同，将该方法分为两类．分别阐述了该法的理论依据、原理、和应注意的问题，并给出了2个应用实例．研究表明，该法在某些情况下能恢复泥岩声波时差法等常规方法无法应用的地区；在多种方法可应用地区，该法恢复结果同其他方法具有一定的可比性，包裹体测温法具有原理简单、资料来源方便、成本低、周期短的优点．

... 赵立彬等,2006 ...

2011

0.0

赵宏波. 2011. 雅布赖盆地中生代盆地构造特征. 石油化工应用, 30(9): 71-74.

[Zhao H

2011. The Mesozoic tectonic characteristics of Yabulai Basin. Petrochemical Industry Application, 30(9): 71-74]

雅布赖中生代盆地位于内蒙古西部和甘肃交界的北山地区,属于阿拉善地块之上的伸展盆地。它经历了早中侏罗世的断陷、晚侏罗世早中期的坳陷、晚侏罗世末到白垩纪的隆升萎缩和新生代的改造,构造特征复杂多样;在早中侏罗世和白垩纪主要形成东西走向的正断层,晚侏罗世末主要形成一系列东西走向的逆断层,在新生代,除形成一系列东西走向的逆冲推覆断层外,部分中早侏罗世形成的正断层反转。盆地的演化经历了早中侏罗世的断陷戍盆期、晚侏罗世的坳陷期、晚侏罗世末到白垩纪的隆升萎缩和新生代喜山期运动的改造消亡四个过程。

... 赵宏波,2011) ...

1977

0.0

... Dow,1977 ...

... 基于这一特性,Dow(1977)根据分布在不整合面上下构造层中的镜质体反射率,利用差值法来估算某期地层的剥蚀厚度 ...

... 胡圣标(1999)指出Dow(1977)提出的直接利用不整合面上下 R_O数据估算的地层抬升规模与剥蚀量的方法缺乏一定的理论基础,利用该方法得出的结果并不是不整合面上的地层剥蚀厚度,而是相当于正断层错动导致的地层缺失量 ...

... 当再埋藏作用进行到一定程度时,不整合面上下的镜质体反射率之间的差距会越来越小,甚至无法区分,给利用Dow(1977)的差值法估算剥蚀厚度带来一定困难 ...

1988

0.0

... Katz et al ...

1976

0.0

... 早期提出的剥蚀厚度恢复方法主要有地层对比法和沉降速率法、声波时差法(AC)、镜质组反射率(R_O)法和波动方程法等(Magara,1976 ...