重庆地区下古生界页岩气聚集条件及有利区预测<sup>*</sup>

靳凤仙, 邵龙义, 梁峰, 吝文, 李丽, 赵群. (2017)重庆地区下古生界页岩气聚集条件及有利区预测^* [J]. 古地理学报, 19(2): 341-352
Jin Fengxian, Shao Longyi, Liang Feng, Lin Wen, Li Li, Zhao Qun. (2017)Accumulation conditions and strategic selection of favorable areas of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic in Chongqing area[J]. Journal Of Palaeogeography, 19(2): 341-352. DOI:10.7605/gdlxb.2017.02.026 复制到剪切板

Permissions

重庆地区下古生界页岩气聚集条件及有利区预测^*

靳凤仙¹, 邵龙义¹, 梁峰^2,³, 吝文^2,³, 李丽¹, 赵群^2,³

1 中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083。

2 中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,河北廊坊 065007。

3 国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心,河北廊坊 065007。

第一作者简介靳凤仙,女,1989年生,2016年毕业于中国矿业大学(北京),获硕士学位,主要从事煤沉积学和层序地层学方面的研究。E-mail: 1185673205@qq.com。

通讯作者简介邵龙义,男,1964年生,教授,博士生导师,主要从事沉积学和煤田地质学的教学及研究工作。E-mail: ShaoL@cumtb.edu.cn。

收稿日期:2016-01-27

基金:*国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41572090)资助; Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 41572090)

摘要

重庆地区是中国页岩气勘探开发取得突破的地区,页岩气赋存层位主要为下古生界上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组有机质泥页岩。依据露头、钻井岩心及测井资料,利用沉积学、有机地球化学等方法,分析研究区泥页岩沉积学特征与岩石学特征、页岩气聚集条件,并预测区内页岩气有利区。结果表明,区内暗色泥页岩厚度大,分布广,总有机碳含量大于 2%,有机质类型以 Ⅰ型为主,热演化程度处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,说明该区泥页岩具有很好的生烃潜力;区内页岩气层上覆厚层泥页岩与下伏岩层灰岩对页岩气具有较好的保存效果;泥页岩含气量较高,平均为 1.39, cm³/t。采用综合信息叠合法,可预测研究区页岩气发育有利区位于城口—巫溪一带与石柱—涪陵—武隆—彭水—南川—綦江一带。

关键词: 页岩气; 聚集条件; 有利区; 五峰组; 龙马溪组; 下古生界; 重庆地区

中图分类号:TE122.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1671-1505(2017)02-0341-12

Accumulation conditions and strategic selection of favorable areas of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic in Chongqing area

Jin Fengxian¹, Shao Longyi¹, Liang Feng^2,³, Lin Wen^2,³, Li Li¹, Zhao Qun^2,³

1 College of Geosciences and Survey Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083。

2 Langfang Branch,Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,PetroChina,Langfang 065007,Hebei。

3 National Energy Shale Gas R & D(Experiment)Centre,Langfang 065007,Hebei

About the first author Jin Fengxian,born in 1989,graduated from China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing) with her master degree in 2016. She is mainly engaged in coal sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: 1185673205@qq.com.

About the corresponding author Shao Longyi,born in 1964,is a professor of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing). He is mainly engaged in coal sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: ShaoL@cumtb.edu.cn.

Abstract

Chongqing area is the breakthrough area of shale gas exploration and development,and the shale gas is preserved in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Paleozoic. Based on data from outcrop,drilling core and logging data, using sedimentology,organic geochemistry and other methods, the characteristics of sedimentology of shales,and the shale gas accumulation conditions was analyzed and the favorable areas for shale gas exploration of study area were predicted. The results showed that the dark shale in Chongqing area had a great thickness and a broad distribution, with the content of total organic carbon being more than 2% and the organic matter type being type I. The thermal evolution was in high mature-over mature stage which indicated the shale have a better hydrocarbon￣generating potential. The target dark shale horizon was overlain by a thick sequence of shales and underlain by thick modular limestones and micritic limestones, which provided a deal preservation effect for shale gas. The content of gas was much higher and the average gas content being 1.39,cm³/t. The integrated information overlapping method was used to predict favorable areas of shale gas exploration, and two favorable areas were predicted, including the Chengkou-Wuxi area and the Shizhu-Fuling-Wulong-Pengshui-Nanchuan-Qijiang area.

Key words: shale gas; accumulation conditions; favorable areas; Wufeng Formation; Longmaxi Formation; Lower Paleozoic; Chongqing area;

Show Figures

重庆地区广泛发育下古生界多套海相页岩层, 其中上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组泥页岩是四川盆地的主要气源岩之一, 也是中国石油页岩气勘探开发的重点地区(黄籍中, 1986; 腾格尔等, 2006; 梁狄刚等, 2008; 董大忠等, 2011)。中国在重庆涪陵焦石坝页岩气的勘探获得了重大突破, 且在焦石坝建成了中国最大的页岩气田(郭彤楼和刘若冰, 2013; 郭旭升, 2014; 何治亮等, 2016), 但对页岩气富集主控因素、富集机理等研究还在探索阶段, 尤其是重庆地区经历了多期次复杂的构造运动, 页岩气成藏条件复杂, 对保存条件要求非常苛刻, 因此, 寻找页岩气富集区带是能否实现商业开发的重点所在(何治亮等, 2016)。作者在前人对页岩气成藏条件和分布规律研究的基础上, 结合最新的勘探进展, 从基础地质研究入手, 对页岩展布、生烃潜力、孔隙结构特征、保存条件与可压裂性等特征进行分析, 并通过以上分析预测出页岩气藏发育的有利区。

1 研究区地质概况

重庆地区位于四川盆地川南中低缓构造带、川东高陡构造带和川东北高陡构造带(刘若冰等, 2006; 龙鹏宇等, 2012), 构造位置位于扬子地台偏西北部, 北以大巴山褶皱带为界, 南接云贵高原, 西与四川盆地相连, 东抵巫山、大娄山(图 1), 面积为82402.95, km²。构造分区包括川中褶皱带、川东褶皱带、川东南褶皱带和大巴山弧形褶皱带(高彩霞等, 2012), 主体位于四川盆地南部和东部有利的天然气富集带上(龙鹏宇等, 2012)。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 重庆地区构造分区与地理位置Fig.1 Tectonic division and location of Chongqing area

在晚奥陶世— 早志留世, 伴随着华夏板块向北西方向强烈的推挤, 中上扬子克拉通盆地由大陆边缘转为前陆盆地, 周边形成了前隆带雏形, 主要为川中隆起、武陵— 雪峰隆起、黔中隆起和汉南古陆, 重庆地区就在川中、黔中与雪峰三大古隆起之间, 向北开口与秦岭洋相通(许效松等, 2001); 研究区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组富有机质页岩受控于海湾深水陆棚沉积相体系, 形成于闭塞、半闭塞滞留海盆环境, 为一套浅水— 深水陆棚相沉积(刘树根等, 2004; 龙鹏宇等, 2012)。下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组有机质暗色泥页岩是该区页岩气勘探的主要目的层位。

表1 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组岩性特征 Table1 Lithology characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Chongqing area

2 泥页岩沉积学特征与岩石学特征

2.1 泥页岩沉积学特征

研究区上奥陶统五峰组暗色泥页岩分布在奥陶系的顶部, 下伏地层是上奥陶统宝塔组瘤状灰岩, 与上覆下志留统龙马溪组连续沉积; 龙马溪组上覆地层是下志留统小河坝组细砂岩。该区这套发育的岩性主要为黑色泥页岩、含碳质泥页岩、硅质泥页岩、粉砂质泥页岩与粉砂岩(表 1), 其中:上奥陶统五峰组以黑色— 灰黑色泥页岩为主, 厚度分布在0~50, m之间, 含黄铁矿结核, 发育水平层理, 且硅质泥页岩丰富, 富含笔石化石, 发育深水陆棚沉积; 下志留统龙马溪组主要以灰黑色— 灰色泥页岩、黑色含碳质泥页岩为主, 厚度分布在0~800, m之间, 且垂向上自下而上泥页岩颜色由深变浅, 下部主要发育灰黑色泥页岩, 笔石化石丰富, 发育深水陆棚沉积; 上部主要发育灰绿色、黄色泥页岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩等, 发育浅水陆棚沉积(图 2)。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图2 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组地层综合柱状图(据龙鹏宇等, 2012)Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Chongqing area(after Long et al., 2012)

2.2 岩石学特征

2.2.1 矿物组成泥页岩矿物主要由黏土矿物和脆性矿物组成, 其中黏土矿物利于页岩气的吸附, 石英、方解石、长石和碳酸盐矿物等脆性矿物的成分变化影响了页岩对甲烷的吸附能力(张金川等, 2004; 龙鹏宇等, 2012; 牟传龙等, 2016)。此外, 随着石英、长石和碳酸盐岩矿物含量增加, 岩石的脆性增强, 在页岩气开采压裂过程中极易形成天然裂隙和渗导裂缝, 有利于页岩气的渗流(龙鹏宇等, 2011)。

通过对研究区五峰组— 龙马溪组41块泥页岩样品进行X射线衍射测试(表 2), 巫溪白鹿剖面五峰组— 龙马溪组页岩黏土矿物含量为6.6%~47.4%, 平均值为26.69%; 黏土矿物以伊蒙混层为主, 平均含量为47.33%, 其次为伊利石, 平均含量为46.46%; 脆性矿物含量为52.6%~89.5%, 平均值70.26%, 脆性矿物以石英为主, 平均含量为57.95%, 其次是长石平均含量为9.7%。巫溪田坝剖面五峰组— 龙马溪组页岩黏土矿物含量为10.6%~54.2%, 平均值为31.63%; 黏土矿物以伊蒙混层为主, 平均含量为47.5%, 其次为伊利石, 平均含量为46.71%; 脆性矿物含量为52.1%~89.4%, 平均值65.32%, 脆性矿物以石英为主, 平均含量为57.93%, 其次是长石平均含量为6.88%。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图3 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组泥页岩与北美泥页岩矿物组成三角图(数据来源: 曾祥亮, 2011; 孙梦迪等, 2014; 有修改)Fig.3 Shale mineral composition of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Chongqing area and North America(modified from Zeng, 2011; Sun et al., 2014)

将研究区实测结果与统计结果投影到矿物组成三角图中(图 3), 研究区泥页岩矿物分布范围和趋势与北美的产气泥页岩矿物总体相似, 都分布在A区, 其石英含量在28%~52%之间, 碳酸盐含量在4%~16%之间, 总脆性矿物的含量在46%~60%之间。

表2 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组泥页岩地质特征表 Table2 Geological characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations shales in Chongqing area

剖面	样品号	距顶距离 /m	TOC /%	R_O/%	黏土矿物相对含量/%							黏土总量 /%	脆性矿物含量 /%
					I/S	I	K	C	C/S	I/S %S	C/S %S
巫溪田坝	TB-1	98.2	4.58	3.24	55	45	*	*	*	10	*	40.8	57.2
	TB-2	96.2	2.01	—	37	63	*	*	*	5	*	15.4	84.6
	TB-3	93.6	1.36	—	63	37	*	*	*	5	*	10.6	89.4
	TB-4	89.2	4.96	3.48	44	56	*	*	*	5	*	18.7	81.3
	TB-5	86.4	6.53	3.76	47	53	*	*	*	10	*	19.5	80.5
	TB-6	83.2	3.74	3.06	57	43	*	*	*	10	*	17.6	82.4
	TB-7	74.8	3.30	—	56	44	*	*	*	10	*	47.9	52.1
	TB-8	64.8	3.62	3.02	29	14	23	34	*	5	*	26.5	72.0
	TB-9	57.2	4.93	3.52	54	29	3	14	*	10	*	35.6	62.7
	TB-10	48.8	3.80	3.12	36	57	2	5	*	10	*	32.3	67.7
	TB-11	37.6	1.85	—	46	54	*	*	*	5	*	30.0	68.5
	TB-12	33.8	1.48	—	59	41	*	*	*	10	*	33.8	66.2
	TB-13	27.4	3.22	2.78	46	54	*	*	*	10	*	33.5	66.5
	TB-14	23.6	2.41	—	36	64	*	*	*	5	*	39.0	58.7
	TB-15	15.2	1.93	—	28	72	*	*	*	5	*	38.7	59.6
	TB-16	8.4	1.46	—	38	62	*	*	*	5	*	43.7	56.3
	TB-17	3.8	0.09	—	25	36	*	39	*	5	*	54.2	45.8
巫溪白鹿	BL-1	59.8	4.91	3.56	49	51	*	*	*	10	*	20.2	79.8
	BL-2	53.6	5.08	—	52	48	*	*	*	5	*	25.0	75.0
	BL-3	52.2	5.55	*	19	47	16	18	*	5	*	21.0	79.0
	BL-4	48.6	4.60	*	48	52	*	*	*	10	*	18.6	81.4
	BL-5	46.4	6.09	3.35	50	50	*	*	*	10	*	23.9	76.1
	BL-6	42.8	4.63	—	43	57	*	*	*	10	*	16.6	83.4
	BL-7	41.2	6.04	—	55	45	*	*	*	10	*	23.7	76.3
	BL-8	38.8	2.57	—	59	41	*	*	*	10	*	38.0	62.0
	BL-9	37.2	3.32	3.29	77	23	*	*	*	10	*	20.7	79.3
	BL-10	36.4	4.03	—	47	53	*	*	*	10	*	26.0	74.0
	BL-11	35.6	3.96	—	51	49	*	*	*	10	*	25.5	74.5
	BL-12	34.8	3.92	—	46	40	6	8	*	10	*	22.2	77.8
	BL-13	32.6	3.33	3.33	57	43	*	*	*	10	*	21.8	78.2
	BL-14	28.8	3.15	—	68	32	*	*	*	10	*	20.3	79.7
	BL-15	26.8	1.47	—	41	59	*	*	*	10	*	10.5	89.5
	BL-16	24.6	2.47	—	22	78	*	*	*	5	*	19.6	80.4
	BL-17	23.8	3.40	3.39	45	37	8	10	*	10	*	38.0	62.0
	BL-18	22.6	2.54	—	51	49	*	*	*	10	*	47.4	52.6
	BL-19	21.8	2.13	—	17	*	38	45	*	5	*	6.6	93.4
	BL-20	18.6	3.19	—	52	48	*	*	*	10	*	40.6	59.4
	BL-21	16.8	3.17	2.89	58	42	*	*	*	10	*	37.2	62.8
	BL-22	7.6	1.82	—	46	54	*	*	*	10	*	38.8	61.2
	BL-23	6.8	0.72	—	30	70	*	*	*	5	*	34.3	65.7
	BL-24	4.2	0.63	—	53	47	*	*	*	5	*	44.0	56.0

注: K— 高岭石; C— 绿泥石; I— 伊利石; S— 蒙皂石; I/S— 伊/蒙间层; C/S— 绿/蒙间层; %S— 间层比。 * 为未检出; — 为未分析。

表2 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组泥页岩地质特征表 Table2 Geological characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations shales in Chongqing area

2.2.2 孔隙结构特征页岩气储集层的孔隙结构特征是影响页岩气储集和开采的重要因素(邵龙义等, 2016)。作者通过对巫溪白鹿剖面与巫溪田坝剖面41块样品进行低温液氮吸附试验, 分析泥页岩的孔隙结构, 由BET模型计算比表面积, 根据BJH理论得出孔径分布。泥页岩孔隙参数主要为: 比表面积为6.709~29.452, m²/g, 平均17.295, m²/g; 总孔体积0.0276~0.105, mL/g, 平均0.578, mL/g; 孔径24.845~178.178, nm, 平均69.407, nm。可见, 泥页岩储集层孔隙孔径虽小, 却具有很高的比表面积, 其值为Donaldson等(1975)统计的Berea砂岩(约1, m²/g)的17倍, 较大的比表面积使气体的吸附存储成为可能。

根据国际理论与应用化学协会(IUPAC)的孔隙分类, 将孔径小于2, nm的称为微孔隙, 2~50, nm的为中孔隙, 大于50, nm的为大孔隙(Sing et al., 1985; 邵龙义等, 2016)。统计3类孔径范围孔隙的比表面积, 结果表明泥页岩孔隙中以微孔与中孔为主, 大孔次之, 分别约占总孔体积的50.49%、46.69%、2.8%(图 4), 为页岩气的赋存提供了主要的储集空间。故研究区上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组泥页岩的吸附能力主要受控于微孔与中孔。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图4 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组页岩孔隙比表面积中孔径分布特征Fig.4 Pore size distribution of porosity specific surface area of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations shale in Chongqing area

3 页岩气聚集条件

3.1 含气泥页岩及其分布

重庆地区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组沉积于陆棚相滞留缺氧环境, 富含笔石和暗色泥页岩发育, 且分布广泛, 几乎遍及整个研究区(图 5)。上奥陶统五峰组泥页岩厚度不大, 一般不会超过20, m, 但分布稳定, 几乎遍布整个研究地区, 主要岩性为黑色— 灰黑色硅质泥页岩、含碳质泥页岩等; 下志留统龙马溪组泥页岩厚度较大, 一般在20~100, m之间, 暗色泥页岩主要分布在龙马溪组的下部, 岩性主要为黑色— 灰黑色含碳质泥页岩、粉砂质泥页岩等。研究区暗色泥页岩主体呈北东向带状分布, 形成了以下3个泥页岩发育中心: 研究区西部大足— 永川一带厚度为80~120, m; 研究区东部石柱— 武隆— 彭水— 南川— 道真一带厚度为80~100, m, 可进一步分为石柱— 武隆和南川— 道真2个次级沉积中心, 暗色泥页岩厚度均超过100, m; 研究区东北部田坝附近厚度超过80, m。

3.2 生烃潜力特征

3.2.1 有机质丰度与类型有机质丰度与类型是页岩气聚集的重要控制因素, 不仅控制泥页岩的生烃潜力特征, 而且一定程度上控制着泥页岩的孔隙结构特征与含气量(Warlick, 2006; 龙鹏宇等, 2012; 邵龙义等, 2014)。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图5 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组暗色泥页岩厚度等值线Fig.5 Thickness isoline of dark shales of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Chongqing area

通过对重庆地区巫溪县田坝剖面与白鹿剖面41块样品进行岩石热解分析与总有机碳分析(表 2), 有机碳含量分布在0.09%~6.53%之间, 平均值为3.27%, 且纵向上有由下而上随着泥页岩颜色由深变浅, TOC含量有降低的趋势。据统计, 大于1%的样品数占总数的92%, 大于2%的样品数占总数的78%, 这表明五峰组— 龙马溪组暗色泥页岩有机碳含量普遍较高, 一般大于2%, 沉积层系底部约30, m厚的暗色泥页岩的TOC值明显较高, 化石含量较丰富, TOC值平均值为4.37%, 是形成页岩气藏的最有利层段。在平面上, 研究区2个有机碳含量高值区, 研究区东北部城口— 巫溪— 开县— 云阳一带有机碳含量普遍大于3%, 局部地区超过4%, 为有机碳含量高值区; 在石柱— 彭水— 武隆— 南川— 道真一带有机碳含量均大于3%, 为另一个有机质含量高值区(图 6)。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图6 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组暗色泥页岩有机碳含量等值线Fig.6 Total organic carbon isoline of dark shale of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Chongqing area

干酪根镜检分析表明, 研究区上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组显微组分都以腐泥组为主, 平均含量为88.4%; 其次为镜质组, 平均含量为8.9%; 惰质组平均含量较低, 为2.3%。将样品分析结果投影到有机质显微组分三角图中(图 7), 干酪根类型多数属于Ⅰ 型, 有少量的属于Ⅱ ₁型, Ⅱ ₂型, Ⅲ 型几乎没有。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图7 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组有机质显微组分三角图Fig.7 Organic maceral triangle of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Chongqing area

3.2.2 成熟度镜质体反射率(R_O)是国际上公认的标定有机质成熟度阶段的一项独立指标, 但并不适用于下古生界烃源岩(腾格尔等, 2007; 聂海宽等, 2012), 上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组缺乏来源于高等植物的标准镜质组, 无法直接获得镜质体反射率(聂海宽等, 2012)。由于本次采集的样品富含沥青, 所以采用换算过的等效镜质体反射率评价成熟度, 且成熟阶段划分标准参照“ 中国南方黑色页岩成熟阶段划分标准” (聂海宽等, 2012)。

通过对重庆地区巫溪县田坝剖面14块暗色泥页岩的成熟度分析(表 2), 总体演化程度较高, 分布在2.78%~3.76%之间, 平均为3.27%, 与聂海宽等(2012)提出的中国南方黑色页岩成熟阶段划分标准对照, 该区页岩母质演化程度都达到了过成熟阶段, 具备生气能力。平面上, 形成田坝— 开县— 云阳— 万县— 石柱与泸州— 长宁— 綦江2个高值区(图 8), 成熟度分布在2.5%~4%之间, 其中研究区东北部开县— 云阳— 万县一带成熟度超过4%, 据前人研究(聂海宽等, 2012), 该区带达到变质期, 失去生气能力。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图8 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组暗色泥页岩成熟度等值线Fig.8 Thermal maturity isoline of dark shales of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Chongqing area

3.3 保存条件及页岩含气量

良好的保存条件是页岩气富集高产的关键因素(郭旭升等, 2014)。由于致密页岩具有低孔超低渗特征, 自身可作为页岩气藏的盖层, 因此, 页岩体本身可形成一个封闭不渗漏的储集体将页岩气封存在页岩层中(龙鹏宇等, 2012), 研究区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组页岩气层上覆地层为龙马溪组上段发育的大套厚层泥岩, 对下部页岩气具有较好的封隔效果; 下伏地层为连续沉积的灰色瘤状灰岩、灰岩, 空间分布广泛, 岩性致密, 物性较差, 对页岩气层具有较好的封隔作用。

页岩含气量是评价页岩气资源潜力与衡量目标区是否具有经济开采价值的重要指标(黄金亮等, 2012)。通过对比研究区黔页1井、酉浅1井含气量与总有机碳含量之间的关系(图 9), 得出计算公式: y=0.3704x+0.2764, 将公式运用于焦页1井五峰组— 龙马溪组页岩含气量计算(郭旭升等, 2014), 吻合度较高, 所以, 泥页岩含气量与TOC成正相关关系, 并由此关系计算出研究区含气量分布在0.89~2.86, cm³/t, 平均为1.39, cm³/t, 与北美产气泥页岩相当(Marcellus页岩含气量1.70~2.83, m³/t)(Sondergeld et al., 2010), 且满足页岩气开发下限标准, 具备了页岩气成藏的有利条件。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图9 重庆地区黔页1井与酉浅1井含气量与总有机碳含量关系(数据来源毕赫等, 2014)Fig.9 Relationship between gas content and total organic carbon of Well Qianye 1 and Well Youqian 1 in Chongqing area(data from Bi et al., 2014)

4 有利区预测

与美国主要盆地产气页岩相似(张金川等, 2008; 聂海宽等, 2009; 郑和荣等, 2013), 重庆地区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组暗色泥页岩具有分布面积广、厚度大、有机碳含量高、成熟度高和含气量大(普遍大1, m³/t)等特点。鉴于中国页岩气研究处于起步阶段, 可应用的资料少, 文中有利区预测选用指标为暗色泥页岩厚度、有机碳含量、成熟度、含气量和脆性矿物含量, 采用综合信息叠合法预测研究区页岩气发育有利区, 其暗色泥页岩厚度不小于60, m, TOC含量不小于2%, R_O值分布范围2%~3.5%, 脆性矿物含量不小于40%。研究认为, 重庆地区上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组2个页岩气发育有利区: 研究区东北部城口— 巫溪一带, 其暗色页岩厚度大于60, m, TOC值普遍大于4.5%, R_O值分布范围2%~3.5%, 且脆性矿物含量较高, 大于40%; 石柱— 涪陵— 武隆— 彭水— 南川— 綦江一带, 其泥页岩厚度平均大于65%, TOC值平均大于2.0%, R_O值分布范围2%~3.5%, 脆性矿物含量普遍大于40%(图 10)。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图10 重庆地区下古生界五峰组— 龙马溪组页岩气有利区预测Fig.10 Favorable areas of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations of Chongqing area

5 结论

1)重庆地区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组岩性主要为黑色泥页岩、含碳质泥页岩、硅质泥页岩、粉砂质泥页岩与粉砂岩, 主要发育深水陆棚与浅水陆棚, 且研究区泥页岩具有良好的岩石学特征, 泥页岩脆性矿物含量平均值60%左右, 孔隙以微孔与中孔为主, 为页岩气赋存提供了主要的储集空间。

2)重庆地区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组暗色泥页岩厚度较大, 总有机碳含量高, 有机质类型以Ⅰ 型为主, 热演化程度处于高成熟— 过成熟阶段, 说明该区泥页岩具有很好的生烃潜力。

3)泥页岩上覆地层发育厚层泥岩, 下伏地层为连续沉积的灰色瘤状灰岩、灰岩, 具有良好的保存条件, 且泥页岩含气量较高, 平均为1.39, cm³/t。

4)重庆地区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组— 下志留统龙马溪组发育2个页岩气有利区, 主要分布在城口— 巫溪一带与石柱— 涪陵— 武隆— 彭水— 南川— 綦江一带。

作者声明没有竞争性利益冲突.

参考文献

View Option

1	毕赫, 姜振学, 李鹏, 李卓, 唐相路, 张定宇, 许野. 2014. 渝东南地区黔江凹陷五峰组—龙马溪组页岩储集层特征及其对含气量的影响. 天然气地球科学, 25(8): 1275-1283. [Bi H, Jiang Z X, Li P, Li Z, Tang X L, Zhang D Y, Xu Y. 2014. Shale reservoir characteristics and its influence on gas content of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the southeastern Chongqing. Natural Gas Geoscience, 25(8): 1275-1283] [文内引用:1]
2	董大忠, 邹才能, 李建忠, 王社教, 李新景, 王玉满, 李登华, 黄金亮. 2011. 页岩气资源潜力与勘探开发前景. 地质通报, 30(2/3): 324-336. [Dong D Z, Zou C N, Li J Z, Wang S J, Li X J, Wang Y M, Li D H, Huang J L. 2011. Resource potential, exploration and development prospect of shale gas in the whole world. Geological Bulletin of China, 30(2/3): 324-336] [文内引用:1]
3	高彩霞, 邵龙义, 朱长生, 双燕, 李长林, 高彩红. 2012. 重庆地区晚二叠世层序—古地理及聚煤特征. 现代地质, 26(3): 508-517. [Gao C X, Shao L Y, Zhu C S, Shuang Y, Li C L, Gao C H. 2012. Sequence-palaeogeography and coal accumulation of Chongqing Area in Late Permian. Geoscience, 26(3): 508-517] [文内引用:1]
4	郭彤楼, 刘若冰. 2013. 复杂构造区高演化程度海相页岩气勘探突破的启示: 以四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井为例. 天然气地球科学, 24(4): 643-651. [Guo T L, Liu R B. 2013. Implications from marine shale gas exploration breakthrough in complicated structural area at high thermal stage: Taking Longmaxi Formation in well JY1 as an example. Natural Gas Geoscience, 24(4): 643-651] [文内引用:1]
5	郭旭升. 2014. 南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律: 四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识. 地质学报, 88(7): 1209-1218. [Guo X S. 2014. Rules of two-factor enrichment for marine shale gas in Southern China: Understand ing from the Longmaxi Formation shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding area. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88(7): 1209-1218] [文内引用:3]
6	郭旭升, 胡东风, 文治东, 刘若冰. 2014. 四川盆地及周缘下古生界海相页岩气富集高产主控因素: 以焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例. 中国地质, 41(3): 893-901. [Guo X S, Hu D F, Wen Z D, Liu R B. 2014. Major factors controlling the accumulation and high productivity in marine shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Sichuan Basin and its periphery: A case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation of Jiaoshiba area. Geology in China, 41(3): 893-901] [文内引用:1]
7	何治亮, 聂海宽, 张钰营. 2016. 四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析. 地学前缘, 23(1): 1-10. [He Z L, Nie H K, Zhang Y Y. 2016. The main factors of shale gas enrichment of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas. Earth Science Frontiers, 23(1): 1-10] [文内引用:2]
8	黄金亮, 邹才能, 李建忠, 董大忠, 王社教, 王世谦, 王玉满, 李登华. 2012. 川南志留系龙马溪组页岩气形成条件与有利区分析. 煤炭学报, 37(5): 782-787. [Huang J L, Zou C N, Li J Z, Dong D Z, Wang S J, Wang S Q, Wang Y M, Li D H. 2012. Shale gas accumulation conditions and favorable zones of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in south Sichuan Basin. Journal of China Coal Society, 37(5): 782-787] [文内引用:1]
9	黄籍中. 1986. 四川盆地下古生界至元古界热演化气及其勘探方向. 天然气工业, 6(4): 8-13. [Huang J Z. 1986. Thermal evolution gas in Lower Paleozoic to Proterozoic of Sichuan Basin and its exploration prospects. Natural Gas Industry, 6(4): 8-13] [文内引用:1]
10	梁狄刚, 郭彤楼, 陈建平, 边立曾, 赵喆. 2008. 中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干进展(一): 南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的分布. 海相油气地质, 13(3): 1-16. [Liang D G, Guo T L, Chen J P, Bian L Z, Zhao Z. 2008. Some progresses on studies of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in marine sedimentary regions, Southern China(Part 1): Distribution of four suits of regional marine source rocks. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 13(3): 1-16] [文内引用:1]
11	刘树根, 徐国盛, 徐国强, 雍自权, 李国蓉, 李巨初. 2004. 四川盆地天然气成藏动力学初探. 天然气地球科学, 15(4): 323-330. [Liu S G, Xu G S, Xu G Q, Yong Z Q, Li G R, Li J C. 2004. Primary study on the dynamics of natural gas pools in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 15(4): 323-330] [文内引用:1]
12	刘若冰, 田景春, 魏志宏, 张明文, 钟水清, 张光华, 王碧. 2006. 川东南地区震旦系—志留系下组合有效烃源岩综合研究. 天然气地球科学, 17(6): 824-828. [Liu R B, Tian J C, Wei Z H, Zhang M W, Zhong S Q, Zhang G H, Wang B. 2006. Comprehensive research of effective hydrocarbon source rock of lower strata from Sinian to Silurian System in southeast area of Sichuan Province. Natural Gas Geoscience, 17(6): 824-828] [文内引用:1]
13	龙鹏宇, 张金川, 唐玄, 聂海宽, 刘珠江, 韩双彪, 朱亮亮. 2011. 泥页岩裂缝发育特征及其对页岩气勘探和开发的影响. 天然气地球科学, 22(3): 525-532. [Long P Y, Zhang J C, Tang X, Nie H K, Liu Z J, Han S B, Zhu L L. 2011. Feature of muddy shale fissure and its effect for shale gas exploration and development. Natural Gas Geoscience, 22(3): 525-532] [文内引用:1]
14	龙鹏宇, 张金川, 李玉喜, 唐玄, 程礼军, 刘珠江, 韩双彪. 2012. 重庆及其周缘地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件及有利区预测. 地学前缘, 19(2): 221-233. [Long P Y Zhang J C, Li Y X, Tang X, Cheng L J, Liu Z J, Han S B. 2012. Reservoir-forming conditions and strategic select favorable area of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Chongqing and its adjacent areas. Earth Science Frontiers, 19(2): 221-233] [文内引用:6]
15	牟传龙, 王秀平, 王启宇, 周恳恳, 梁薇, 葛祥英, 陈小炜. 2016. 川南及邻区下志留统龙马溪组下段沉积相与页岩气地质条件的关系. 古地理学报, 18(3): 457-472. [Mou C L, Wang X P, Wang Q Y, Zhou K K, Liang W, Ge X Y, Chen X W. 2016. Relationship between sedimentary facies and shale gas geological conditions of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 18(3): 457-472] [文内引用:1]
16	聂海宽, 唐玄, 边瑞康. 2009. 页岩气成藏控制因素及中国南方页岩气发育有利区预测. 石油学报, 30(4): 484-491. [Nie H K, Tang X, Bian R K. 2009. Controlling factors for shale gas accumulation and prediction of potential development area in shale gas reservoir of South China. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 30(4): 484-491] [文内引用:1]
17	聂海宽, 张金川, 包书景, 边瑞康, 宋晓蛟, 刘建斌. 2012. 四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统—下志留统页岩气聚集条件. 石油与天然气地质, 33(3): 335-345. [Nie H K, Zhang J C, Bao S J, Bian R K, Song X J, Liu J B. 2012. Shale gas accumulation conditions of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery. Oil & Gas Geology, 33(3): 335-345] [文内引用:4]
18	孙梦迪, 于炳松, 夏威, 祁青山, 叶若辰. 2014. 渝东南地区下志留统底部黑色岩系沉积环境及有机质富集机制: 以鹿角剖面为例. 东北石油大学学报, 5(8): 51-60. [Sun M D, Yu B S, Xia W, Qi Q S, Ye R C. 2014. Depositional setting and enrichment mechanism of organic matter of the lower Silurian black shale series in the southeast of Chongqing: A case study from Lu Jiao outcrop section. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 5(8): 51-60] [文内引用:1]
19	邵龙义, 李猛, 李永红, 张云鹏, 鲁静, 张文龙, 田政, 文怀军. 2014. 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系页岩气地质特征及控制因素. 地学前缘, 21(4): 311-322. [Shao L Y, Li M, Li Y H, Zhang Y P, Lu J, Zhang W L, Tian Z, Wen H J. 2014. Geological characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in the Jurassic of the northern Qaidam Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 21(4): 311-322] [文内引用:1]
20	邵龙义, 刘磊, 文怀军, 李永红, 张文龙, 李猛. 2016. 柴北缘盆地YQ-1井中侏罗统石门沟组泥页岩纳米孔隙特征及影响因素. 地学前缘, 23(1): 164-173. [Shao L Y, Liu L, Wen H J, Li Y H, Zhang W L, Li M. 2016. Characteristics and influencing factors of nanopores in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou shale in Well YQ-1 of the Northern Qaidam Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 23(1): 164-173] [文内引用:2]
21	腾格尔, 高长林, 胡凯, 潘文蕾, 张长江, 方成名, 曹清古. 2006. 上扬子东南缘下组合优质烃源岩发育及生烃潜力. 石油实验地质, 28(4): 360-365. [Teng G E, Gao C L, Hu K, Pan W L, Zhang C J, Fang C M, Cao Q G. 2006. High-quality source rock sin the lower combination in southeast upper-Yangtze area and their hydrocarbon generating potential. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 28(4): 360-365] [文内引用:1]
22	腾格尔, 高长林, 胡凯, 方成名, 吕俊祥, 翟常博, 张长江. 2007. 上扬子北缘下组合优质烃源岩分布及生烃潜力评价. 天然气地球科学, 18(2): 254-259. [Teng G E, Gao C L, Hu K, Fang C M, Lü J X, Zhai C B, Zhang C J. 2007. High quality source rock so flower combination in the northern upper-Yangtze area and their hydrocarbon potential. Natural Gas Geoscience, 18(2): 254-259] [文内引用:1]
23	许效松, 万方, 尹福光, 陈明. 2001. 奥陶系宝塔组灰岩的环境相、生态相与成岩相. 矿物岩石, 21(3): 64-68. [Xu X S, Wan F, Yin F G, Chen M. 2001. Environment facies, ecological facies and diagenetic facies of Baota Formation, of Late Ordovina. Journal of Mineral Petrology, 21(3): 64-68] [文内引用:1]
24	曾祥亮. 2011. 四川盆地及其周缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩气研究. 成都理工大学硕士学位论文. [Zeng X L. 2011. A Study on Shale Gas of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and Its Peripheral Areas. Master's Dissertation of Chengdu University of Technology] [文内引用:1]
25	张金川, 聂海宽, 徐波, 姜生玲, 张培先. 2008. 四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件. 天然气工业, 28(2): 151-156. [Zhang J C, Nie H K, Xu B, Jiang S L, Zhang P X. 2008. Geological condition of shale gas accumulation in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 28(2): 151-156] [文内引用:1]
26	张金川, 金之钧, 袁明生. 2004. 页岩气成藏机理和分布. 天然气工业, 24(7): 15-18. [Zhang J C, Jin Z J, Yuan M S. 2004. Reservoiring mechanism of shale gas and its distribution. Natural Gas Industry, 24(7): 15-18] [文内引用:1]
27	郑和荣, 高波, 彭勇民, 聂海宽, 杨斐然. 2013. 中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向. 古地理学报, 15(5): 645-656. [Zheng H R, Gao B, Peng Y M, Nie H K, Yang F R. 2013. Sedimentary evolution and shale gas exploration direction of the Lower Silurian in Middle-Upper Yangtze area. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 15(5): 645-656] [文内引用:1]
28	Donaldson E C, Kendall R F, Baker B A. 1975. Surface-area measurement of geologic materials. SPE Journal, 15(2): 111-116. [文内引用:1]
29	Sing K W, Everett D H, Haul R W, Moscou L, Pierotti R A, Rouquerol J, Siemieniewska T. 1985. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to determination of surface area and porosity. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57(4): 603-619. [文内引用:1]
30	Sondergeld C H, Newsham K E, Comisky J T, Rice M C, Rai C S. 2010. Petrophysical considerations in evaluating and producing shale gas resources. SPE Unconventional Gas Conference. Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania. [文内引用:1]
31	Warlick D. 2006. Gas shale and CBM development in North America. Oil and Gas Financial Journal, 3(11): 1-5. [文内引用:1]

2014

0.0

毕赫, 姜振学, 李鹏, 李卓, 唐相路, 张定宇, 许野. 2014. 渝东南地区黔江凹陷五峰组—龙马溪组页岩储集层特征及其对含气量的影响. 天然气地球科学, 25(8): 1275-1283.

[Bi

, Jiang Z

, Li

, Tang X

, Zhang D

, Xu

. 2014. Shale reservoir characteristics and its influence on gas content of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the southeastern Chongqing. Natural Gas Geoscience, 25(8): 1275-1283]

？渝东南地区黔江凹陷五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气的勘探仍处于初级阶段，储层特征与含气性关系仍不明确，开展五峰组—龙马溪组页岩的储层特征及含气性的研究，对评价研究区页岩气资源潜力具有重要意义。通过采集该套页岩岩心样品，完成详细的储层特征分析和含气性分析测试，包括岩石薄片鉴定、x-射线衍射、toc 分析、显微组分实验、氮气吸附实验、扫描电镜实验和现场解析等，结果表明，五峰组—龙马溪组页岩以黏土—粉砂级细粒沉积为主；页岩有机碳含量为0.22%~5.31%，成熟度为1.78%~2.93%，处于高—过成熟阶段，纳米级有机孔隙发育；矿物成分中脆性矿物含量为38.4%~86.7%，黏土矿物含量为12.1%~56.5%，其中微—纳米级无机孔隙较为发育，此外微裂缝的发育也对页岩气聚集和开发提供了有利条件。五峰组—龙马溪组页岩含气量为0.07~2.81m3/t，其底部富有机质页岩的含气量超过1m3/t。综合分析认为页岩toc值和石英含量越高、长石和绿泥石含量越低时页岩中孔隙及比表面积越大，页岩含气量越大。？

2011

0.0

董大忠, 邹才能, 李建忠, 王社教, 李新景, 王玉满, 李登华, 黄金亮. 2011. 页岩气资源潜力与勘探开发前景. 地质通报, 30(2/3): 324-336.

[Dong D

, Zou C

, Li J

, Wang S

, Li X

, Wang Y

, Li D

, Huang J

. 2011. Resource potential, exploration and development prospect of shale gas in the whole world. Geological Bulletin of China, 30(2/3): 324-336]

页岩气为近年来在北美地区广泛勘探开发的天然气新目标,在全球非常规油气勘探开发中异军突起,成为突破最晚、近期发展最快的非常规天然气资源.依据北美地区页岩气勘探开发的历程和全球页岩气勘探开发的进展,阐述了全球页岩气勘探开发的基本态势和页岩气5个方面的典型特征,分析了全球页岩气的资源潜力与分布特征,预测中国页岩气资源潜力约100×1012m3,指出页岩气的成功勘探开发是近10年来油气地质理论与工程技术取得的最激动人心的重大成就,页岩气资源潜力丰富,实现全面开发将带来一场全球的能源革命.最后,提出了4点加快中国页岩气发展的建议.

... 董大忠等,2011) ...

2012

0.0

高彩霞, 邵龙义, 朱长生, 双燕, 李长林, 高彩红. 2012. 重庆地区晚二叠世层序—古地理及聚煤特征. 现代地质, 26(3): 508-517.

[Gao C

, Shao L

, Zhu C

, Shuang

, Li C

, Gao C

. 2012. Sequence-palaeogeography and coal accumulation of Chongqing Area in Late Permian. Geoscience, 26(3): 508-517]

The sequence stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Late Permian Longtan and Changxing formations in Chongqing area of southwestern China have been studied based on the data of outcrops and borehole sections. A total of two thirdorder sequences are subdivided in the Late Permian; sequence Ⅰ is from the bottom of Longtan Formation to the bottom of C16 coal seam in Longtan Formation, representing a transgressive to regressive cycle; sequence Ⅱ is from the bottom of C16 coal seam in Longtan Formation to the top of Changxing Formation, representing a second regional transgressive to regressive cycle.The palaeogeographic maps of two sequences have been reconstructed based on the contour maps of a variety of palaeogeographic parameters including the total thickness of strata, the thickness of sandstone, the thickness of limestones, the thickness ratio of siliciclastic rocks to carbonates and siliceous rocks, and the thickness ratio of sandstones to mudstones, as well as the thickness of the total coal seams.Both of the two sequences reflect a vertical and lateral pattern of palaeogeography, which shows that, from the bottom to the top and from the southwest to the northeast, there is a variation in facies units from the tidal flatdelta combination, through the bay lagoon tidal flat combination, to the shallow marine combination.In the two sequences, depositional environments are all deeper in the northeast, and shallower in the southwest, with the transgressive pulse of advancing from northeast to southwest.The sediment provenances were mainly from the Kangdian oldland to the west.The favorable coal forming facies units are mainly the bay tidal flat facies, followed by residual plain facies, and in the two sequences these facies units controlled coal distribution and they moved towards southwest with a continuous sea level rise.The thick coal zone in sequence Ⅰ is distributed in the area bordered by the Liangping Fuling Wansheng line to the east, and by the Tongliang Jiangjin Xishui line to the west, and the thick coal zone in sequence Ⅱ is distributed in the southwestern area restricted by Guang an Changshou Nanchuan line to the east with the coal accumulation center located in the Hechuan Chongqing Qijiang zone.

采用EXXON公司“Vail”学派的观点，将晚二叠世划分为2个三级层序。层序Ⅰ发育低位体系域、海侵体系域及高位体系域，比较完整。层序Ⅱ只发育海侵体系域及高位体系域。通过绘制各种单因素等值线图，并与单井剖面相和连井剖面相分析相结合，从点到线再到面，展开古地理分析。2个层序均反映出海侵自东向西的脉动推进、东深西浅的格局，从而产生了潮坪三角洲-海湾(泻湖)-潮坪-浅海沉积模式在垂向上和平面上的展布特征，其中海湾-潮坪及碳酸盐台地构成了研究区基本骨架。物源区主要来自西部康滇古陆。总体上晚二叠世研究区遭遇了一个海水自东北向西南不断侵进的过程，因此成煤环境随着海平面的上升而不断向西南迁移。煤层主要发育在海湾-潮坪环境里，其次为低地残积平原。

... 构造分区包括川中褶皱带、川东褶皱带、川东南褶皱带和大巴山弧形褶皱带(高彩霞等,2012),主体位于四川盆地南部和东部有利的天然气富集带上(龙鹏宇等,2012) ...

2013

0.0

郭彤楼, 刘若冰. 2013. 复杂构造区高演化程度海相页岩气勘探突破的启示: 以四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井为例. 天然气地球科学, 24(4): 643-651.

[Guo T

, Liu R

. 2013. Implications from marine shale gas exploration breakthrough in complicated structural area at high thermal stage: Taking Longmaxi Formation in well JY1 as an example. Natural Gas Geoscience, 24(4): 643-651]

Well JY1 is located in the east of Sichuan Basin.Commercial gas with high production has been tested and stable pressure and production has been maintained for long time by testing production in Longmaxi shale in well JYl.It marks the strategy breakthrough in marine shale gas exploration in complicated structural area at high thermal stage in southern China.According to the analyses of the structure,formation combination,lithology,TOC,RO,and mineral contents,combined with regional geological data,following conclusions have been obtained:(1)Structural and preservation conditions are the most important for shale gas to accumulate under the background of multiple structural evolutions and uplifts and erosions,which is different from that in North America;(2)Only the qualitative hydrocarbon rocks can play the role of detachment,and net-like fractures by multiple detachments and tectonic movements are key factors for shale gas abundance and high production;(3)The Upper Ordovician limestones take the role of sealing for the abundant shale gas in Longmaxi Formation;(4)Faults and uplifts made a few destructions to shale gas reservoirs.All implications above will have an exemplary meaning for shale gas exploration in southern China.

四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井龙马溪组页岩测试获得高产工业气流，经过长时间试采，压力、产量稳定，实现了南方复杂构造、高演化程度海相页岩气的战略突破。通过对JY1井构造、岩性与龙马溪组TOC、热演化程度及矿物含量特征的分析，结合区域地质资料，得到如下启示:①与北美地区不同，在多期构造演化和抬升剥蚀背景下，构造与保存条件是页岩气富集成藏的首要条件;②龙马溪组只有下部优质烃源岩才起到滑脱作用，多期层滑和构造作用形成的网状裂缝是页岩气富集高产的关键;③上奥陶统灰岩为龙马溪组页岩气的形成起到了良好的封隔作用;④与常规气藏不同，断裂和抬升的破坏作用对优质页岩层系的影响相对较弱，对南方广大地区页岩气的勘探具有示范意义。 

... 中国在重庆涪陵焦石坝页岩气的勘探获得了重大突破,且在焦石坝建成了中国最大的页岩气田(郭彤楼和刘若冰,2013 ...

2014

0.0

... 郭旭升,2014 ...

... 3 保存条件及页岩含气量良好的保存条件是页岩气富集高产的关键因素(郭旭升等,2014) ...

... 龙马溪组页岩含气量计算(郭旭升等,2014),吻合度较高,所以,泥页岩含气量与TOC成正相关关系,并由此关系计算出研究区含气量分布在0 ...

2014

0.0

郭旭升, 胡东风, 文治东, 刘若冰. 2014. 四川盆地及周缘下古生界海相页岩气富集高产主控因素: 以焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例. 中国地质, 41(3): 893-901.

[Guo X

, Hu D

, Wen Z

, Liu R

. 2014. Major factors controlling the accumulation and high productivity in marine shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Sichuan Basin and its periphery: A case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation of Jiaoshiba area. Geology in China, 41(3): 893-901]

Abstract：The formation conditions of marine shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation of Jiaoshiba area were evaluated in this paper on the basis of drilling, seismic survey and sample experiment data. The major factors controlling the accumulation and high productivity of marine shale gas in the lower paleozoic of Sichuan Basin were analyzed. The results show that shales of Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba area are characterized by thick formation, good type, high levels of thermal evolution of organic matter, good physical and gas-bearing properties, suitable preservation condition and fracability. Meanwhile, the development and preservation condition of organic-rich shales, natural fractures development and crushability of the shales constitute the major factors controlling the accumulation and high productivity of marine shale gas in the lower Paleozoic strata of Sichuan Basin and its periphery. As abundant materials were provided by the development of organic-rich shales for shale gas generation and storage, suitable preservation conditions seem to be the key factor for accumulation and high productivity of shale gas. Natural fractures and crushability have guaranteed high productivity of shale gas.

提要：利用钻井、地震及样品实验数据资料，首先对焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气的形成条件进行了评价，然后探讨了四川盆地及周缘下古生界海相页岩气富集高产主控因素。研究认为：焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组泥页岩具有厚度大、有机质丰度高、类型好、热演化程度较高、储集物性以及含气性好、以及良好保存条件和可压性等特点；四川盆地及周缘下古生界海相页岩气富集高产主控因素是富有机质泥页岩的发育程度、保存条件、天然裂缝的发育和泥页岩的可压裂性等，因为富有机质泥页岩的发育为页岩气的生成和储集提供了丰富的物质基础，良好的保存条件是页岩气富集的关键，天然裂缝和可压裂性是高产的重要保证。

2016

0.0

... 何治亮等,2016),但对页岩气富集主控因素、富集机理等研究还在探索阶段,尤其是重庆地区经历了多期次复杂的构造运动,页岩气成藏条件复杂,对保存条件要求非常苛刻,因此,寻找页岩气富集区带是能否实现商业开发的重点所在(何治亮等,2016) ...

2012

0.0

黄金亮, 邹才能, 李建忠, 董大忠, 王社教, 王世谦, 王玉满, 李登华. 2012. 川南志留系龙马溪组页岩气形成条件与有利区分析. 煤炭学报, 37(5): 782-787.

[Huang J

, Zou C

, Li J

, Dong D

, Wang S

, Wang Y

, Li D

. 2012. Shale gas accumulation conditions and favorable zones of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in south Sichuan Basin. Journal of China Coal Society, 37(5): 782-787]

Based on latest drilling data,outcrop geologic survey around the area and laboratory test results of lots of rock samples,analysed shale gas generation conditions and potential of Silurian Longmaxi shale in south of Sichuan Basin with the regional distribution,organic geochemical and reservoir characteristics,gas concentration and reservoir pressure of organic-rich shale rock.Through integrated study,it is thought that：Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the study area features high organic content(TOC：0.35%~18.40%,average of 2.52%),high net shale thickness(20~260 m),high brittle mineral content(more than 40%~70%),lots of nanoporosity in organic and high gas content(0.3~5.1 m 3/t,average of 1.9 m 3/t),Moderate burial depth(2 000~3 600 m) is favour of the generation and accumulation of shale gas.Silurian Longmaxi Formation is one of the favorable stratas of shale gas exploration and development in China,that accessed frequently gas show in drilling processes and obtained industrialization breakthrough；areas of Weiyuan,Longchang-Yongchuan and Changning-Gongxian are three realistic and favorable targets for Silurian Longmaxi shale gas exploration and development.

利用四川盆地南部志留系龙马溪组最新钻井、露头地质调查资料及样品分析结果，从富有机质页岩区域分布、岩性、有机质特征、储层特征、含气性、地层压力等方面，重点研究川南地区龙马溪组页岩气形成条件与有利区优选.认为龙马溪组页岩有机质含量高（TOC含量0.35%~18.40%，平均2.52%）、有效厚度大（黑色页岩厚20~260 m）、热演化程度高（Ro值1.8%~3.6%）、脆性矿物含量较高（40%~70%）、有机质纳米孔隙发育、含气量较高（0.3~5.1 m 3/t，平均1.9 m 3/t）、埋藏适中（2 000~3 600 m），有利于页岩气的形成与富集，其中龙马溪组下部富有机质页岩发育，是南方最有利的页岩气勘探开发层系.综合对比研究指出，隆昌-永川、威远、长宁-珙县等地区具备页岩气勘探开发有利的地质与地面工程条件，是目前经济技术条件下研究区内龙马溪组页岩3个最现实的页岩气勘探开发有利目标区。

... 页岩含气量是评价页岩气资源潜力与衡量目标区是否具有经济开采价值的重要指标(黄金亮等,2012) ...

1986

0.0

黄籍中. 1986. 四川盆地下古生界至元古界热演化气及其勘探方向. 天然气工业, 6(4): 8-13.

[Huang J

. 1986. Thermal evolution gas in Lower Paleozoic to Proterozoic of Sichuan Basin and its exploration prospects. Natural Gas Industry, 6(4): 8-13]

According to the data of Weiyuan gas field and regional geology data,the fomation conditions of thermal evolution gas generated from organic matters and the gas exploration prospects are expounded in this paper.The optimum stage of the gaseous hydrocarbons being generated and preserved and the favourable regions for gas exploration are proposed also.

本文根据威远气田及区域资料,对下古生界至元古界有机质热演化气条件及天然气勘探有利方向进行了论证.提出了气态烃产出和保藏的最佳阶段及有利地区.

... 下志留统龙马溪组泥页岩是四川盆地的主要气源岩之一,也是中国石油页岩气勘探开发的重点地区(黄籍中,1986 ...

2008

0.0

梁狄刚, 郭彤楼, 陈建平, 边立曾, 赵喆. 2008. 中国南方海相生烃成藏研究的若干进展(一): 南方四套区域性海相烃源岩的分布. 海相油气地质, 13(3): 1-16.

[Liang D

, Guo T

, Chen J

, Bian L

, Zhao

. 2008. Some progresses on studies of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in marine sedimentary regions, Southern China(Part 1): Distribution of four suits of regional marine source rocks. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 13(3): 1-16]

通过对上、中、下扬子区121个地表及钻井剖面烃源岩的密集扫描取样和地化分析,系统研究了下寒武统、上奥陶统一下志留统、上二叠统、下二叠统四套区域性海相烃源岩的厚度及有机质丰度的纵横向分布,明确了海相烃源岩在纵向上以下寒武统和上二叠统为最好,横向上以上扬子区为最好,其次为下扬子区;确定了五个烃源岩发育区.明确了海相烃源岩以泥岩为主,碳酸盐岩烃源岩只出现在下二叠统栖霞组-茅口组,实测最大厚度为150m,从而表明中国南方不存在上千米厚的碳酸盐岩烃源岩.对四套海相烃源岩的厚度问题、层位问题、原始生烃潜量和碳酸盐岩烃源岩的鉴别问题等提出了认识.

... 梁狄刚等,2008 ...

2004

0.0

刘树根, 徐国盛, 徐国强, 雍自权, 李国蓉, 李巨初. 2004. 四川盆地天然气成藏动力学初探. 天然气地球科学, 15(4): 323-330.

[Liu S

, Xu G

, Yong Z

, Li G

, Li J

. 2004. Primary study on the dynamics of natural gas pools in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 15(4): 323-330]

Sichuan superposition basin is one of the main natural gas production areas in China. The dynamics of natural gas pools is the critical studying content about the natural gas exploration in the basin. The upper Triassic Xujiahe formation in west Sichuan basin can be thought as an entire abnormal pressured compartment with natural gas. There are two abnormal pressured fluid compartments in vertical profiles of east Sichuan basin. The first one, called upper abnormal pressured fluid compartment, is located fr...

四川叠合盆地是我国主要的天然气区之一。天然气成藏动力学是今后四川盆地天然气地质和勘探研究的重要内容。可将川西地区上三叠统须家河组视为一个完整的含气高压封存箱。川东地区在纵向剖面上存在两个压力封存箱,第一个压力异常带(下三叠统嘉陵江组―二叠系)为上部流体高压封存箱,第二个高压异常带(志留系)为下部流体高压封存箱,石炭系位于两个压力封存箱之间。生烃增压为上列封存箱内主要的升压机制。川西地区致密碎屑岩储层和川东地区碳酸盐岩储层初次运移排烃方式主要为垂向排烃,并且是在异常古高压驱使下通过封存箱破裂产生的混相涌流完成的。异常古高压是促使川西地区须家河组须二段和须四段储层流体调整并使天然气聚集成藏的动力。浮力和水动力(成藏动力)控制了川东地区天然气的成藏。

... 深水陆棚相沉积(刘树根等,2004 ...

2006

0.0

刘若冰, 田景春, 魏志宏, 张明文, 钟水清, 张光华, 王碧. 2006. 川东南地区震旦系—志留系下组合有效烃源岩综合研究. 天然气地球科学, 17(6): 824-828.

[Liu R

, Tian J

, Wei Z

, Zhang M

, Zhong S

, Zhang G

, Wang

. 2006. Comprehensive research of effective hydrocarbon source rock of lower strata from Sinian to Silurian System in southeast area of Sichuan Province. Natural Gas Geoscience, 17(6): 824-828]

摘　要：震旦系志留系是川东南地区油气勘探的新层系、新领域，具有较好的勘探前景，但勘探程度极低。以地表露头、钻井岩芯样品为基础，通过地球化学特征、气源和沥青源对比分析，明确了下寒武统牛蹄塘组、下奥陶统五峰组下志留统龙马溪组灰黑色泥岩、页岩为区内震旦系一志留系主要烃源岩，其中下志留统龙马溪组烃源岩最为发育，且其发育时期与大地构造格局或沉积盆地性质发生重大变革的转换时期相吻合，还明确了主要烃源岩横向展布特征及其构造沉积主控因素。

... 1 研究区地质概况重庆地区位于四川盆地川南中低缓构造带、川东高陡构造带和川东北高陡构造带(刘若冰等,2006 ...

2011

0.0

龙鹏宇, 张金川, 唐玄, 聂海宽, 刘珠江, 韩双彪, 朱亮亮. 2011. 泥页岩裂缝发育特征及其对页岩气勘探和开发的影响. 天然气地球科学, 22(3): 525-532.

[Long P

, Zhang J

, Tang

, Nie H

, Liu Z

, Han S

, Zhu L

. 2011. Feature of muddy shale fissure and its effect for shale gas exploration and development. Natural Gas Geoscience, 22(3): 525-532]

Fissure can be provided not only for shale gas accumulation space,but also for migration pathway of gas production.As a kind of low permeability and low porosity reservoir,mechanism of shale gas production is complicated,involving the relationship between adsorbed gas content and free gas content,natural tiny fissure and fracturing induced fissure.We discuss type of muddy shale fissure,identification,basic parameters (width/opening,length,spacing,density,strike and dip,filling,dissolution reconstruction,etc.),poroperm characteristics,geologic background,and the effects on accumulation and production of shale gas.There are five kinds of fissure in the muddy shale,including structural fractures (extensional crack,shearing crack and extensional\|shearing crack),interlayer lamellation crack,bedding glide crack,diagenetic shrink micro-cracks,and abnormal pressure crack of organic evolution.Geologic factors controlling the fissure formation are complex,such as regional tectonic stress,tectonic position,sedimentary diagenesis,lithology,lithofacies,poroperm characteristics,and formation pressure.The identification characteristic of fissure and its formation mechanism is different,so the effect on adsorption,segregation,and response to seepage property of shale gas is not identical.Exploration target zone of shale gas should be set on muddy shale with higher permeability or reconstructional fissures.

裂缝既可为页岩气提供聚集空间，也可为页岩气的生产提供运移通道。泥页岩作为一种低孔低渗储层，页岩气生产机制非常复杂，涉及吸附气含量与游离气含量、天然微裂缝与压裂诱导缝系统之间的相互关系。对泥页岩裂缝的成因类型、识别特征、基本参数(宽度/张开度、长度、间距、密度、产状、充填情况、溶蚀改造情况等)、孔渗性、地质控制因素及其对页岩气聚集和产出的影响进行了研究。泥页岩中主要存在5种裂缝，即构造缝(张性缝和剪性缝)、层间页理缝、层面滑移缝、成岩收缩微裂缝和有机质演化异常压力缝;控制裂缝形成的地质因素复杂，主要有区域构造应力、构造部位、沉积成岩作用、岩性、岩相、物性及地层压力等;裂缝识别特征及成因机制各不相同，其对页岩气的吸附和解析以及渗流性响应所起的作用也不相同。页岩气有利勘探目标区应首选那些拥有较高渗透能力或具备可改造条件的泥页岩裂缝发育带。

... 此外,随着石英、长石和碳酸盐岩矿物含量增加,岩石的脆性增强,在页岩气开采压裂过程中极易形成天然裂隙和渗导裂缝,有利于页岩气的渗流(龙鹏宇等,2011) ...

2012

0.0

龙鹏宇, 张金川, 李玉喜, 唐玄, 程礼军, 刘珠江, 韩双彪. 2012. 重庆及其周缘地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件及有利区预测. 地学前缘, 19(2): 221-233.

[Long P Y Zhang J C, Li Y

, Tang

, Cheng L

, Liu Z

, Han S

. 2012. Reservoir-forming conditions and strategic select favorable area of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Chongqing and its adjacent areas. Earth Science Frontiers, 19(2): 221-233]

摘　要：从野外地表露头、井下岩心及典型剖面等基础资料出发,以富有机质页岩形成地质背景及其展布特征-页岩气成藏条件-有利区预测为主线,对重庆及周缘地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件进行分析,并采用综合信息叠合法对该区有利区进行预测。指出研究区下寒武统筇竹寺组和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组两套富有机质页岩普遍发育,分布广,厚度大,埋藏适中,有机质类型好,有机质含量高,具有充足的储集空间和运移通道,并且等温吸附模拟和现场解析实验也表明,这两套页岩均具有较强的气体吸附、较好的含气性能;多口井钻遇黑色页岩段气显异常普遍,也为页岩气的存在提供证据。总之,该区与美国东部典型页岩气盆地有诸多地质可比性,具有形成页岩气藏的有利地质条件,是页岩气勘探研究值得关注的重要领域。

... 龙鹏宇等,2012),构造位置位于扬子地台偏西北部,北以大巴山褶皱带为界,南接云贵高原,西与四川盆地相连,东抵巫山、大娄山(图 1),面积为82402 ...

... 龙鹏宇等,2012) ...

... 龙鹏宇等,2012 ...

... 由于致密页岩具有低孔超低渗特征,自身可作为页岩气藏的盖层,因此,页岩体本身可形成一个封闭不渗漏的储集体将页岩气封存在页岩层中(龙鹏宇等,2012),研究区下古生界上奥陶统五峰组#cod#x02014 ...

2016

0.0

牟传龙, 王秀平, 王启宇, 周恳恳, 梁薇, 葛祥英, 陈小炜. 2016. 川南及邻区下志留统龙马溪组下段沉积相与页岩气地质条件的关系. 古地理学报, 18(3): 457-472.

[Mou C

, Wang X

, Wang Q

, Zhou K

, Liang

, Ge X

, Chen X

. 2016. Relationship between sedimentary facies and shale gas geological conditions of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 18(3): 457-472]

摘　要：在川南及邻区下志留统龙马溪组下段沉积相详细研究的基础上,结合偏光显微镜、X衍射及元素地球化学分析等,提出沉积相对页岩气地质条件的影响特征。研究发现：川南及邻区龙马溪组下段主要发育潮坪相和浅海陆棚相。局限滞留的缺氧还原环境、快速海侵形成的分层水体、适宜的沉积速率及较高的生物产率,造成了龙马溪组下段有机质富集,并以硅质型页岩为主,利于页岩气的富集与开发。隆起边缘的潮坪相沉积,为页岩气的非有利区;沉积中心的深水陆棚沉积区,主要发育碳质硅质页岩、碳质页岩与含粉砂含钙碳质页岩,为页岩气的有利区;砂泥质浅水陆棚含有较高的有机质,应为页岩气发育的次级有利区;灰泥质浅水陆棚主要发育＂钙质页岩＋含碳泥质灰岩＂,有机质含量相对较低,为页岩气的较不利发育区。

... 牟传龙等,2016) ...

2009

0.0

聂海宽, 唐玄, 边瑞康. 2009. 页岩气成藏控制因素及中国南方页岩气发育有利区预测. 石油学报, 30(4): 484-491.

[Nie H

, Tang

, Bian R

. 2009. Controlling factors for shale gas accumulation and prediction of potential development area in shale gas reservoir of South China. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 30(4): 484-491]

在系统研究美国页岩气成藏理论和成藏条件的基础上,分析了页岩气成藏的主要控制因素,分为内部因素和外部因素:前者指页岩本身的因素,包括有机质类型和含量、成熟度、裂缝、孔隙度和渗透率、矿物组成、厚度、湿度等;后者主要包括深度、温度和压力等.其中,有机质类型和含量、成熟度、裂缝及孔隙度和渗透率是控制页岩气成藏的主要因素.结合主要影响参数,建立了预测页岩含气的种类、比例和页岩气藏发育有利区的参数模型.运用此模型类比研究发现,中国南方古生界海相页岩层中,寒武系和志留系是页岩气发育的最有利层系.寒武系页岩气藏发育最有利区位于四川盆地和米仓山-大巴山前陆以及渝东、黔北、湘西-江南隆起北缘一线;志留系页岩气藏发育最有利区位于上扬子的四川盆地和米仓山-大巴山前陆和渝东-鄂西一带、中扬子鄂北以及下扬子苏南等地.并对各有利区的泥页岩指标进行分析,以期为中国页岩气早期评价提供参考.

... 聂海宽等,2009 ...

2012

0.0

聂海宽, 张金川, 包书景, 边瑞康, 宋晓蛟, 刘建斌. 2012. 四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统—下志留统页岩气聚集条件. 石油与天然气地质, 33(3): 335-345.

[Nie H

, Zhang J

, Bao S

, Bian R

, Song X

, Liu J

. 2012. Shale gas accumulation conditions of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery. Oil & Gas Geology, 33(3): 335-345]

The sedimentary facies,thickness,distribution,organic matter types and content,maturity,porosity,and gas content,of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian dark shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery are investigated by field observation and sampling on 25 outcrops and laboratory test of adsorbed gas content,geochemical and physical parameters.In comparison with the major producing gas shales in U.S.,the shale in the study area features in favorable sedimentary facies,large thickness,high TOC ,high maturity,high porosity,and high gas content,all being favorable geological conditions for shale gas reservoir development.Parameter models were built for predicting shale gas play fairways.The results show that the shale gas play fairways in the study area occur in the Southern Sichuan-Northern Guizhou,Western Hubei-Eastern Chongqing and Northeastern Sichuan(Chongqing)-Northwestern Hubei,among which the Southern Sichuan-Northern Guizhou play fairway is relatively high in gas content,thus is most prospective in shale gas exploration at present.With the measured gas content,the volumetric method gave a resource volume in the range of 2.2-8.5 TCM and a median value of 5.3 TCM.

通过对25处野外露头的观测、采样以及吸附气含量、地化参数和物性参数等测试分析,研究了四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统-下志留统黑色页岩的沉积相、厚度及分布、有机质类型及含量、成熟度、孔隙度和含气量等页岩气成藏条件。与美国主要产气页岩相比,研究区发育的页岩具有沉积相有利、厚度大、有机碳含量高、成熟度高、孔隙度高和含气量高等特点,具备页岩气藏发育的良好地质条件。此外,建立了预测页岩气藏发育有利区的参数模型,采用综合信息叠合法预测四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统-下志留统页岩气藏的有利发育区位于川南-黔北、鄂西-渝东和川(渝)东北-鄂西北等地。在各个有利区的具体指标中,川南-黔北有利区具有较高页岩含气量,是目前勘探较为现实的地区。根据实测含气量,采用体积法计算研究区上奥陶统-下志留统页岩气资源量为(2.2~8.5)×10 12 m 3 ,中值为5.3×10 12 m 3 。

... 聂海宽等,2012),上奥陶统五峰组#cod#x02014 ...

... 下志留统龙马溪组缺乏来源于高等植物的标准镜质组,无法直接获得镜质体反射率(聂海宽等,2012) ...

... (聂海宽等,2012) ...

... 万县一带成熟度超过4%,据前人研究(聂海宽等,2012),该区带达到变质期,失去生气能力 ...

2014

0.0

孙梦迪, 于炳松, 夏威, 祁青山, 叶若辰. 2014. 渝东南地区下志留统底部黑色岩系沉积环境及有机质富集机制: 以鹿角剖面为例. 东北石油大学学报, 5(8): 51-60.

[Sun M

, Yu B

, Xia

, Qi Q

, Ye R

. 2014. Depositional setting and enrichment mechanism of organic matter of the lower Silurian black shale series in the southeast of Chongqing: A case study from Lu Jiao outcrop section. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 5(8): 51-60]

摘　要：为恢复渝东南地区下志留统底部黑色岩系沉积环境,研究有机质富集机制,对重庆市彭水县鹿角剖面进行系统采样,并测试有机碳质量分数、全岩X线衍射、微量元素、比表面和孔径分析等.结果表明：鹿角剖面下志留统底部黑色岩系属于中成岩阶段B期,古盐度在11.1‰-35.4‰之间,平均为21.4‰,整体上属于多盐水.样品中w（V）/w（Cr）在1.62-3.72之间,w（V）/w（V＋ Ni）主体在0.80左右,并结合黑色岩系中V、Ni、Cu的富集程度与总有机碳质量分数的良好正相关性,说明沉积环境处于水体呈弱分层的缺氧环境.随着深度变浅沉积环境由次还原向次氧化、氧化过渡.上升洋流导致古生产力提高,到志留纪时期全球气候变暖,上升洋流随之减弱,古生产力也随之逐渐降低.高古生产力是有机质富集的首要条件,高水体盐度、缺氧环境是有机质保存的理想环境.有机碳质量分数与岩石的BET比表面和总孔体积呈良好的正相关性,说明沉积环境在一定程度上影响岩石的储集物性,从而影响页岩气的赋存空间.

2014

0.0

邵龙义, 李猛, 李永红, 张云鹏, 鲁静, 张文龙, 田政, 文怀军. 2014. 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系页岩气地质特征及控制因素. 地学前缘, 21(4): 311-322.

[Shao L

, Li

, Li Y

, Zhang Y

, Lu

, Zhang W

, Tian

, Wen H

. 2014. Geological characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in the Jurassic of the northern Qaidam Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 21(4): 311-322]

摘　要：柴达木盆地侏罗系赋存着丰富的煤炭和油气资源,已有钻井和近年施工的页岩气参数井多次证实有页岩气存在。文中在柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系共识别出9个富有机质泥页岩段,对这些泥页岩的岩性、厚度、分布、有机质组成和热演化程度等特征进行研究,分析了柴北缘侏罗系页岩气地质特征。富有机质泥页岩层发育5种岩相类型,包括油页岩、黑色页岩、碳质泥岩、灰黑色泥岩和黑灰色粉砂岩,主要形成于冲积扇-辫状河、辫状河三角洲-泥炭沼泽、扇三角洲和湖泊沉积体系,而最有利的富有机质泥页岩成因环境是湖泊、辫状河三角洲-泥炭沼泽。柴北缘侏罗系富有机质泥页岩层厚度大（平均累计厚度10~916m）;TOC含量为1.24%~8.6%,总体大于4%;有机质类型较好（H1—H4段和H6—H8段为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型,H5和H9段为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型）,热演化程度整体处于未成熟-成熟阶段。从古气候、盆地构造演化和沉积古环境3个方面探讨了柴北缘侏罗系页岩气层的控制作用。研究表明,富有机质泥页岩主体形成于古气候潮湿温暖的早、中侏罗世,早侏罗世末和晚侏罗世气候干热化阻断富有机质泥页岩的发育;侏罗纪5个阶段的断陷盆地演化控制着泥页岩层的形成发育,湖西山组沉积期为形成于潜西—冷湖—南八仙地区的快速断陷盆地,沉积了H1—H3富有机质泥页岩段,有机质丰度高,厚度大,结构稳定性较好;小煤沟组沉积期主要为局限发育在潜西和大煤沟地区的断陷速率快慢周期变化盆地,形成了局限分布的H4—H6泥页岩;大煤沟组沉积期为以鱼卡和大煤沟地区为沉积中心的缓慢断陷盆地,形成了与煤层共生的H7泥页岩,有机碳含量高,厚度大,分布稳定;石门沟组沉积期为向东不断迁移的缓慢-快速断陷盆地,沉积了分布不稳定厚度中等的H8泥岩和厚度大,有机质丰度高,区域连续分布的H9泥页岩;采石岭组和红水沟

... 邵龙义等,2014) ...

2016

0.0

邵龙义, 刘磊, 文怀军, 李永红, 张文龙, 李猛. 2016. 柴北缘盆地YQ-1井中侏罗统石门沟组泥页岩纳米孔隙特征及影响因素. 地学前缘, 23(1): 164-173.

[Shao L

, Liu

, Wen H

, Li Y

, Zhang W

, Li

. 2016. Characteristics and influencing factors of nanopores in the Middle Jurassic Shimengou shale in Well YQ-1 of the Northern Qaidam Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 23(1): 164-173]

柴达木北缘(柴北缘)盆地侏罗纪是典型的陆相湖沼盆地,是目前具有页岩气潜力的盆地之一。本文运用氮气吸附、有机碳含量、有机质成熟度、全岩X衍射分析等方法,对柴北缘鱼卡地区YQ-1井中侏罗统石门沟组泥页岩的纳米孔隙特征及控制因素进行研究。结果表明,石门沟组泥页岩纳米孔隙结构复杂,根据吸附回线及孔径分布特征可划分为两类,第一类以一端不透气性孔和开放性平行板状狭缝孔为主,孔径主要集中在3~5nm范围内,呈单峰状分布;第二类则以一端不透气性孔和开放性倾斜板狭缝孔为主,孔径主要分布在3~5nm和8~14nm范围内,呈双峰状分布。孔径小于50nm的微孔和介孔是比表面积和孔体积的主要贡献者;黏土矿物含量与微孔、介孔、总孔体积呈正相关;在较低的成熟度制约下,泥页岩有机质孔隙基本不发育,有机质丰度较高的石门沟组上段H9泥页岩TOC含量与微孔、介孔、总孔体积呈负相关性,有机质丰度较差的下段H8泥页岩TOC含量与孔体积相关性则不甚明显;孔隙结构及孔径分布受沉积环境水动力条件影响;黏土矿物是石门沟组泥页岩纳米孔隙的主要提供者,是孔隙发育的主控因素,TOC含量与沉积环境也会对泥页岩孔隙发育产生一定影响。

... 2 孔隙结构特征页岩气储集层的孔隙结构特征是影响页岩气储集和开采的重要因素(邵龙义等,2016) ...

... 邵龙义等,2016) ...

2006

0.0

腾格尔, 高长林, 胡凯, 潘文蕾, 张长江, 方成名, 曹清古. 2006. 上扬子东南缘下组合优质烃源岩发育及生烃潜力. 石油实验地质, 28(4): 360-365.

[Teng G

, Gao C

, Hu

, Pan W

, Zhang C

, Fang C

, Cao Q

. 2006. High-quality source rock sin the lower combination in southeast upper-Yangtze area and their hydrocarbon generating potential. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 28(4): 360-365]

There are good oil and gas exploration prospect in the southeast of Upper-Yangtze area,but the geologic conditions are complicated and the degree of exploration is low there.The potential hydrocarbon source rocks in Xianfeng and Dayong areas were studied to determine the characteristics of their organic geochemistry,petrology,carbon isotope composition and thermal evolution,etc.Two series of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks were discovered.They are the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation black shale in the Lower Palaeozoic.Both of them have characteristics as follows: 1)good organic types(sapropel type),high abundance of organic materials and hydrocarbon potentials;2)large thickness and extensive distribution;3)good hydrocarbon generating potential and evidences of oil(bitumen) and gas.At the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous,the thermal evolution degree of the hydrocarbon source rock in the Lower Cambrian has come to the early stage of over-mature at which the dry gas was generated.And the hydrocarbon source rock in the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian has come into the late stage of high-mature to the early stage of over-mature,which was the peak period of gas generation.These high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks provide abundant organic material basis for the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in the Lower Combination in the west of Hunan and Hubei,the east of Chongqing and the Xuefengshan nappe zone.

湘鄂地区海相下组合具良好的油气勘探前景,但地质条件复杂,勘探程度低.咸丰、大庸地区可能烃源岩的系统观测和有机地化剖面研究显示,下寒武统、上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组底部均发育一套黑色页岩,其有机质丰度高,总有机碳含量普遍大于1%;属藻腐泥型,生烃潜力高;具一定规模,厚度达数十米至百余米,分布稳定;有良好的生烃和油气显示,是2套优质烃源岩.晚侏罗世—白垩纪时下寒武统烃源岩已达过成熟早中期生干气阶段,上奥陶统和下志留统烃源岩进入了高成熟晚期至过成熟早期阶段,处于生气高峰期.这2套优质烃源岩的存在,可为湘鄂西、鄂西渝东和雪峰山推覆带等地区下组合的油气生成、成藏提供雄厚的物质基础.

... 腾格尔等,2006 ...

2007

0.0

腾格尔, 高长林, 胡凯, 方成名, 吕俊祥, 翟常博, 张长江. 2007. 上扬子北缘下组合优质烃源岩分布及生烃潜力评价. 天然气地球科学, 18(2): 254-259.

[Teng G

, Gao C

, Hu

, Fang C

, Lü J

, Zhai C

, Zhang C

. 2007. High quality source rock so flower combination in the northern upper-Yangtze area and their hydrocarbon potential. Natural Gas Geoscience, 18(2): 254-259]

There is good prospect for nature gas in the north of the upper-Yangtze area, b ut there exists complex geological conditions and low degree of exploration. Po tential source rocks in the Chengkou and Nanjiang sections are investigated on their organic geochemistry, petrology, carbon isotope composition and thermal e volution etc, and are showed in compositive vertical sections. Two series of hig h-quality source rocks are discovered including lower Cambrian and upper Ordovi cian-lower Silurian black shale. They all have characteristics as follows: ①go od organic types(sapropel type), high abundance of organic materials(TOC≥1.0%) and hydrocarbon potentials(S 1 +S 2 are 2.86~3.65 mg/g, S 2 is 2.66~3.36 mg/g ); ②large thicknees and extensive distribution; ③a mass of oil(bitumen) and ga s show. The thermal evolution degree of source rock in lower Cambrian has came t o over-mature stage at late Jurassic-cretaceous, and the upper Ordovician-low er Silurian has came to the late stage of high-mature that is the period of pea k gas generation. That these high quality source rocks contribute main organic m aterial basis for the early deposits, and the formation of gas traps in the late stage.

米苍山-大巴山冲断构造带南缘海相下组合具有良好的油气勘探前景，但作为新领域、新地区其勘探程度很低。根据对城口、南江地区可能烃源岩层位的系统观测、采样和有机地球化学综合剖面研究指出，下寒武统筇竹寺组中下部、上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组底部各发育一套黑色页岩，厚度数十米至百余米，分布稳定，有机质丰度高(TOC普遍大于1％ )，有机质类型属藻腐泥型，生烃潜力高(其中五峰组-龙马溪组烃源岩S 1 +S 2 高达2.86～ 365 mg/g，S 2 为2.66～336 mg/g)，均是优质烃源岩；下寒武统烃源岩在本区燕山中晚期褶皱隆升、剥蚀前最大埋藏时达到了过成熟早期生干气阶段，上奥陶统-下志留统烃源岩进入了生凝析油-湿气为主的高成熟阶段，处于生气高峰期，而因埋深增加和持续埋深等原因，处在推覆体之下或毗邻凹陷腹部的现今热演化程度也许会有所升高，成为以生干气为主的气源岩。认为该2套优质海相烃源岩的存在，可为川东地区尤其是南江、镇巴-万源地区下组合的油气生成、成藏提供雄厚的物质基础。

... 2 成熟度镜质体反射率(R_O)是国际上公认的标定有机质成熟度阶段的一项独立指标,但并不适用于下古生界烃源岩(腾格尔等,2007 ...

2001

0.0

许效松, 万方, 尹福光, 陈明. 2001. 奥陶系宝塔组灰岩的环境相、生态相与成岩相. 矿物岩石, 21(3): 64-68.

[Xu X

, Wan

, Yin F

, Chen

. 2001. Environment facies, ecological facies and diagenetic facies of Baota Formation, of Late Ordovina. Journal of Mineral Petrology, 21(3): 64-68]

晚奥陶世宝塔组灰岩在上、中、下扬子碳酸盐沉积区分布极为广泛,因其层面上注记着不规则状、类似鸡冠花的形态特征,因而素以加引号的"龟裂纹灰岩″称之,以此代表宝塔组灰岩特有的沉积构造,以致于两者为同一词.宝塔组灰岩是地质历史中仅有的、唯一的在层面上具有特殊网纹的形态组构,其他时代的灰岩均无此特点,因而它是地质历史中的"时髦相".形成这一组构可能有三个因素:一是盆地的沉积-构造背景,华南晚奥陶世为前陆盆地,前隆的结果使建筑在克拉通上的碳酸盐大平台构造掀斜,成为浅海中的深水盆地,为低能、慢速沉积的灰泥岩、泥灰岩提供了宽大而平坦的构造-沉积环境空间;二是深水环境中的生态和生物遗迹,由游泳型角石和与之能抗衡的大型软体生物在软底上和沉积物内留下活动的印痕;三是灰泥和泥质物成岩压实作用,叠加在印痕上.因此,宝塔组灰岩″龟裂纹″组构的形成是构造-沉积环境相、生态相和成岩相的产物.

... 雪峰隆起、黔中隆起和汉南古陆,重庆地区就在川中、黔中与雪峰三大古隆起之间,向北开口与秦岭洋相通(许效松等,2001) ...

2011

0.0

2008

0.0

张金川, 聂海宽, 徐波, 姜生玲, 张培先. 2008. 四川盆地页岩气成藏地质条件. 天然气工业, 28(2): 151-156.

[Zhang J

, Nie H

, Xu

, Jiang S

, Zhang P

. 2008. Geological condition of shale gas accumulation in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 28(2): 151-156]

Distinguished by what from traditional conception of fissured shale gas, shale gas is concerned to the gas accumulated within the shales and/or mudstones by free and adsorbed gas. The Sichuan Basin experienced complex tectonic movements in process of the evolution from Craton basin to foreland basin. As a result, The Sichuan Basin is of the similar tectonic characteristics and geological conditions for shale gas with the typical shale gas basins in America, where the Paleozoic shale is not only the source rocks for conventional gas reservoirs but also the main objects for shale gas accumulation and exploration. At present, a large number of evidences of shale gas have been found in the Sichuan Basin. According to the structural and evolutional characteristics of the Sichuan Basin, the unconventional gas is distributed by two distinguished patterns: in place, shale gas is mainly in the southeastern basin while the sourcecontacting gas in the northwestern basin; in time, shale gas accumulated in the Paleozoic Erathem while sourcecontacting gas in the Mesozoic Erathem. In North and South Sichuan Basin, including Southwestern Sichuan Basin, there developed Paleozoic Erathem gas bearing shales with huge thickness, high contents of organic matters and shallow buried depths. Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian Series are of good geological conditions for shale gas accumulation and exploration. In Central Sichuan Basin there developed both Mesozoic and Paleozoic Erathems of source rocks, in which Upper Triassic Series is the favorable horizon for shale gas exploration. In West Sichuan Basin the gas bearing shales is mainly Mesozoic Erathem, in which shales and tight sands interbed frequently to form the sourcecontacting gas with the characteristics of gas accumulated on the bottom of tight sands. There exist perspective conditions for exploration and exploitation of shale gas in West Sichuan Basin, especially the high carbon shales and/or mudstones with relatively shallower depths.

与传统上的“泥页岩裂缝气”并不完全相同，页岩气是主体上以吸附相和游离相同时赋存于泥岩及页岩地层中的天然气。四川盆地经历了克拉通和前陆盆地演化过程中复杂的构造变动，形成了与美国典型页岩气盆地相似的构造演化特点和地质条件，其中的古生界页岩不仅是盆地内常规气藏的烃源岩，而且还是页岩气成藏及勘探的主要对象，目前已发现了页岩气存在的大量证据。根据演化及勘探地质特点，四川盆地非常规天然气具有两分格局，东南部以页岩气为主而西北部以根缘气为主，古生界主体发育页岩气而中生界主体发育根缘气。川东和川南地区（包括川西南）古生界生气页岩发育厚度大、有机质含量高、埋藏深度小，下寒武统和下志留统具有良好的页岩气成藏及勘探地质条件；川中地区同时发育中、古生界烃源岩，上三叠统、下志留统和下寒武统可作为页岩气勘探的有利层位；川西中生界泥/页岩常与致密砂岩形成频繁互层并产生具有砂岩底部含气特点的根缘气，整体上存在着页岩气发育和勘探的远景条件，局部埋藏相对较浅的高碳泥/页岩是页岩气勘探的基本对象。

... 4 有利区预测与美国主要盆地产气页岩相似(张金川等,2008 ...

2004

0.0

张金川, 金之钧, 袁明生. 2004. 页岩气成藏机理和分布. 天然气工业, 24(7): 15-18.

[Zhang J

, Jin Z

, Yuan M

. 2004. Reservoiring mechanism of shale gas and its distribution. Natural Gas Industry, 24(7): 15-18]

The reservoiring mechanism of shale gas is of the features of both the coalbedadsorbed methane and the conventionally trapped gas reservoirs，it showing a complicated multiplemechanism gradation character. In the reservoiring process of shale gas，the occurrence manner of the gas and the reservoiring type were gradually changed，and the abundance and enrichment degree of the gas were gradually increased. An whole process of the formation and evolution of shale gas reservoir may be divided into three stages，i.e. the absorption and accumulation stage，the expansion and cracking stage and the pistonlike driving or displacementlike migration stage. Relevant change in reservoiring condition and mechanism could control and influence the formation and distribution of shale gas reservoirs and the lithologic change and fracture development status played a control role in the occurrence and distribution of the gas in shale gas reservoir. The basic geological conditions of forming commercial shale gas reservoirs exist in many basins in China，in which Shuixigou Group in Tulufan Depression of Tuha Basin is one of the important horizons of shale gas generation.

对页岩气成藏机理进行了全面分析，获得了四个方面的认识。①页岩气成藏机理兼具煤层吸附气和常规圈闭气藏特征，体现出了复杂的多机理递变特点。②在页岩气的成藏过程中，天然气的赋存方式和成藏类型逐渐改变，含气丰度和富集程度逐渐增加。③完整的页岩气成藏与演化可分为3个主要的作用过程，自身构成了从吸附聚集、膨胀造隙富集到活塞式推进或置换式运移的机理序列。④相应的成藏条件和成藏机理变化对页岩气的成藏与分布产生了控制和影响作用，岩性特征变化和裂缝发育状况对页岩气藏中天然气的赋存特征和分布规律具有控制作用。研究了我国的情况，认为我国的许多盆地存在工业性页岩气藏发育的基本地质条件，其中，吐哈盆地吐鲁番坳陷的水西沟群是页岩气发育的重要区域之一。

... 1 矿物组成泥页岩矿物主要由黏土矿物和脆性矿物组成,其中黏土矿物利于页岩气的吸附,石英、方解石、长石和碳酸盐矿物等脆性矿物的成分变化影响了页岩对甲烷的吸附能力(张金川等,2004 ...

2013

0.0

郑和荣, 高波, 彭勇民, 聂海宽, 杨斐然. 2013. 中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向. 古地理学报, 15(5): 645-656.

[Zheng H

, Gao

, Peng Y

, Nie H

, Yang F

. 2013. Sedimentary evolution and shale gas exploration direction of the Lower Silurian in Middle-Upper Yangtze area. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 15(5): 645-656]

通过录井、测井、地震、野外剖面与岩心资料的深入剖析,探讨中上扬子地区下志留统页岩段的沉积相与总有机碳的关系,预测页岩气有利勘探区。中上扬子地区下志留统龙马溪组为一套20～268m厚的黑色页岩夹灰绿色泥质粉砂岩沉积,在等时框架内自下而上可识别出2个三级层序即SQ1与SQ2,它们分布稳定、可对比性好。下部层序(SQ1)的海侵体系域(TST)发育一套有利于页岩气形成的富有机质页岩,此时期呈现出“北面向次深海敞开、东西南三面受古陆围限、陆棚广布”的沉积格局,深水陆棚相广泛发育,面积为255000km2,平均厚度35m。受海平面下降的影响,从下部层序至上部层序水体变浅,岩相从深水陆棚相黑色页岩向中—浅水陆棚相沙纹层理粉砂质页岩转变。岩相的发育受海平面升降、古陆、海底地形、物源供给等因素的影响,岩相类型有碳质或硅质或钙质页岩、纹层状页岩、生物扰动粉砂质页岩、沙纹层理的粉砂质页岩、块状砂岩或介壳灰岩薄夹层5类。研究表明,沉积相对富有机质页岩的形成具有内在的控制作用,高TOC含量页岩发育于深水陆棚相、中陆棚相和潟湖相中。目前,已有多口井在龙马溪组页岩获得工业气流,揭示了该区良好的页岩气勘探前景；综合分析认为涪陵—赤水—仁怀、威远—长宁、鄂西—渝东为中上扬子地区下志留统页岩气勘探的主要方向和有利目标区。

1975

0.0

1985

0.0

... 根据国际理论与应用化学协会(IUPAC)的孔隙分类,将孔径小于2,nm的称为微孔隙,2~50,nm的为中孔隙,大于50,nm的为大孔隙(Sing et al ...

2010

0.0

... 83,m³/t)(Sondergeld et al ...

2006

0.0

... 1 有机质丰度与类型有机质丰度与类型是页岩气聚集的重要控制因素,不仅控制泥页岩的生烃潜力特征,而且一定程度上控制着泥页岩的孔隙结构特征与含气量(Warlick,2006 ...