[1] Abdel-Fattah Z.A., Gingras M.K., Caldwell M.W., Pemberton G.S., 2010. Sedimentary environments and depositional characteristics of the Middle to Upper Eocene whale-bearing succession in the Fayum Depression, Egypt.Sedimentology, 57, 446-476.
[2] Abul Nasr R.A., Hamza F.H., Zaki N.M., 1993. Facies analysis and sedimentary environments of the Middle-Upper Eocene rocks in Sad Naam-Wadi Ramliya area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt.Bulletin of the Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, 4, 433-454.
[3] Afife M., Sallam E.S., Faris M., 2017. Integrated petrophysical and sedimentological study of the Middle Miocene Nullipore Formation (Ras Fanar Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt): An approach to volumetric analysis of reservoirs.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 134, 526-548.
[4] Afify A.M., Serra Kiel J., Sanz-Montero M.E., Calvo J.P., Sallam E.S., 2016. Nummulite biostratigraphy of the Eocene succession in the Bahariya Depression, Egypt: implications for timing of iron mineralization.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 120, 44-55.
[5] Ahmed M.A., Afife M.M., 2018. Hydrocarbon-generating potential of the Eocene Thebes Formation, Gulf of Suez: 1D basin modeling as supplementary tool for source rock evaluation.Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11, 713.
[6] Aigner T.,1983. Storm-generated accumulation of nummulite banks in Eocene of Cairo, Egypt.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 67, 3.
[7] Al-Ahwani M.M.,1982. Geological and sedimentological studies of Gebel Shabrawet area, Suez Canal district, Egypt.Annals of the Geological Survey of Egypt, 12, 305-381.
[8] Almalki K.A., Betts P.G., Ailleres L., 2015. The Red Sea - 50 years of geological and geophysical research.Earth-Science Reviews, 147, 109-140.
[9] Awad S.A., El-Hennawi M.A., Aba-Yazeed S.D., 2002. Petrography and diagenesis of carbonate rocks from Gebel Nogra-Ramlyia-Akheider ridge west of the Gulf of Suez.Sedimentology of Egypt, 10, 53-72.
[10] Bassiouni M.A., Hamza F.H., Morsi A.M., 1994. Ostracode and microfacies study of the Eocene sequence in the northwestern part of the Eastern Desert, Egypt.Revue de Paléobiologie, 13, 259-280.
[11] Bosworth W.,McClay, K.R., 2001. Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Gulf of Suez Rift, Egypt: a synthesis. In: Ziegler, P.A., Cavazza, W., Robertson, A.H.F., Crasquin-Soleau, S. (Eds.), Peri-Tethys Memoir 6: Peri-Tethyan Rift/Wrench Basins and Passive Margins. Mémoires du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 186, 567-606.
[12] Bosworth W., Stockli D.F., 2016. Early magmatism in the greater Red Sea rift: Timing and significance.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 53, 1158-1176.
[13] Bosworth W., Guiraud R., Kessler L.G., 1999. Late Cretaceous (ca. 84 Ma) compressive deformation of the stable platform of northeast Africa (Egypt): Far-field stress effects of the "Santonian event" and origin of the “Syrian arc deformation belt". Geology, 27, 633-636.
[14] Bosworth W., Huchon P., McClay K., 2005. The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Basins.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 43, 334-378.
[15] Boukhary M.A., Abdelmalik W., 1983. Revision of the stratigraphy of the Eocene deposits in Egypt.Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 6, 321-337.
[16] Boukhary M., Hussein A.I., El-Morcey I.A., 2002. Eocene larger Foraminifera from Helwan, Greater Cairo, Egypt.Revue de Micropaléontologie, 45, 27-47.
[17] Boulton S.J.,2009. Record of Cenozoic sedimentation from the Amanos Mountains, Southern Turkey: Implications for the inception and evolution of the Arabia-Eurasia continental collision.Sedimentary Geology, 216, 29-47.
[18] Brouwers E.M.,1988. Paleobathymetry on the continental shelf based on examples using ostracods from the Gulf of Alaska. In: Deckher, P., Colin, J.P., Peypouquet, J.P. (Eds.), Ostracoda in the Earth Sciences. Elsevier, pp. 55-76.
[19] Buxton M.W., Pedley H.M., 1989. A standardized model for Tethyan Tertiary carbonate ramps.Journal of the Geological Society, 146, 746-748.
[20] Carbonel P., Pujos M., 1981. Comportment des microfaunes benthiques en milieu lagunaire.Actes du Premier Congrès National des Sciences de la Terre (Tunis), 127-140.
[21] Catuneanu O.,2006. Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy. Elsevier (Amsterdam), 386 pp.
[22] Catuneanu O.,2019. Model-independent sequence stratigraphy.Earth-Science Reviews, 188, 312-388.
[23] Catuneanu O., Abreu V., Bhattacharya J.P., Blum M.D., Dalrymple R.W., Eriksson P.G., Fielding C.R., Fisher W.L., Galloway W.E., Gibling M.R., Giles K.A., Holbrook J.M., Jordan R., Kendall C.G.St.C., Macurda B., Martinsen O.J., Miall A.D., Neal J.E., Nummedal D., Pomar L., Posamentier H.W., Pratt B.R., Sarg J.F., Shanley K.W., Steel R.J., Strasser A., Tucker M.E., Winker C., 2009. Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy.Earth-Science Reviews, 92, 1-33.
[24] Chowdhary L.R.S., Taha M.A., 1987. Geology and habitat of oil in Ras Budran field, Gulf of Suez.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 71, 1274-1293.
[25] Courme-Rault M.-D., Dubar M., 2011. The Cenozoic formations of south-eastern France, between Grasse and Nice.Géologie de la France, 2, 3-95.
[26] Dunham R.J.,1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Ham, V.E. (Ed.), Classification of Carbonate Rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1, 108-121.
[27] El-Ayyat A.M.,2013. Sedimentology, sequential analysis and clay mineralogy of the lower Eocene sequence at Farafra Oasis area, Western Desert of Egypt.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 78, 28-50.
[28] Elmahdy M., Tarabees E., Bakr A., Farag A.E., 2020. Polygonal faults in Eocene carbonate reservoir, Abu El-Gharadig Basin, Egypt.Geological Journal, 55, 4670-4680.
[29] El-Safori Y.A., Zalat A.A., Eweda S.A., Maih A.M., 1997. Eocene facies and bryozoans of the Qattamia area, Egypt.Egyptian Journal of Geology, 41(2A), 365-425.
[30] Farag I.M., Ismail M.M., 1959. A contribution to the structure of the area east of Helwan.Egyptian Journal of Geology, 3, 71-86.
[31] Flügel E.,2010. Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks: Analysis, Interpretation and Application. Springer Verlag (New York), 996 pp.
[32] Fürsich F.T., Oschmann W., 1993. Shell beds as tools in basin analysis: the Jurassic of Kachchh, western India.Journal of the Geological Society (London), 150, 169-185.
[33] Gallagher S.J., Wade B., Qianyu L., Holdgate G.R., Bown P., Korasidis V.A., Scher H., Houben A.J.P., McGowran B., Allan T., 2020. Eocene to Oligocene high paleolatitude neritic record of Oi-1 glaciation in the Otway Basin, southeast Australia.Global and Planetary Change, 191, 103218.
[34] Geel T.,2000. Recognition of stratigraphic sequences in carbonate platform and slope deposits: empirical models based on microfacies analysis of Paleogene deposits in southeastern Spain.Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 155, 211-238.
[35] Goldner A., Herold N., Huber M., 2014. Antarctic glaciation caused ocean circulation changes at the Eocene-Oligocene transition.Nature, 511, 574-577.
[36] Golonka J.,2004. Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.Tectonophysics, 381, 235-273.
[37] Golonka J., Kiessling W., 2002. Phanerozoic time scale and definition of time slices. In: Kiessling, W., Flügel, E., Golonka, J. (Eds.), Phanerozoic Reef Patterns. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Special Publication, 72, 11-20.
[38] Guiraud R.,1986. Corrélations entre les principaux événements géodynamiques enregistrés du Trias a nos jours sur les marges alpine et atlantique de la Plaque Africaine.Revue du Faculté des Sciences, Marrakech, Section Sciences de la Terre, 183, 313-338.
[39] Guiraud R., Bellion Y., 1995. Late Carboniferous to Recent geodynamic evolution of the west Gondwanian cratonic Tethyan margins. In: Nairn, A.E.M., Ricou, L.E., Vrielynck, B., Dercourt, J. (Eds.), The Tethys Ocean. Springer(Boston), pp. 101-124.
[40] Guiraud R., Issawi B., Bosworth W., 2001. Phanerozoic history of Egypt and surrounding areas. In: Ziegler, P.A., Cavazza, W., Robertson, A.H.F., Crasquin-Soleau, S. (Eds.), Peri-Tethys Memoir 6: Peri-Tethyan Rift/Wrench Basins and Passive Margins. Memoires du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 186, 469-509.
[41] Guiraud R., Bosworth W., Thierry J., Delplanque A., 2005. Phanerozoic geological evolution of Northern and Central Africa: An overview.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 43, 83-143.
[42] Haggag W.,2016. Structural evolution and Cenozoic tectonostratigraphy of the Cairo-Suez district, north Eastern Desert of Egypt: Field-structural data from Gebel Qattamiya-Gebel Um Reheiat area.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 118, 174-191.
[43] Hallock P., Glenn E., 1986. Larger Foraminifera: a toll for paleoenvironmental analysis of Cenozoic carbonate depositional facies.Palaios, 1, 55-64.
[44] Handford C.R., Loucks R.G., 1993. Carbonate depositional sequences and systems tracts-responses of carbonate platforms to relative sea-level changes. In: Loucks, R.G., Sarg, J.F. (Eds.), Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy. Recent Events and Applications. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 57, 3-41.
[45] Haq B.U., Al-Qahtani A.M., 2005. Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform.GeoArabia, 10, 127-160.
[46] Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., Vail P.R., 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic.Science, 235, 1156-1167.
[47] Hottinger L.,1997. Shallow benthic foraminiferal assemblages as signals for depth of their deposition and limitations.Bulletin de la Société Géologiqie de France, 168, 491-505.
[48] Issawi B., Ahmed S.M., Osman R., Sallam E.S., 2005. Studies on the Pliocene—Quaternary sediments in the western fringes of the Nile Delta—lower Nile Valley stretch, Egypt.Journal of the Sedimentological Society of Egypt, 13, 277-296.
[49] Issawi B., Francis M., Youssef A., Osman R., 2009. The Phanerozoic of Egypt: A geodynamic approach. Geological Survey of Egypt, Special Publication, 81, 589 pp.
[50] Issawi B., Sallam E.S., Salem M., 2018. Tectonostratigraphic and sedimentary evolution of the Ubur-Orabi sub-basin, southeast Nile Delta, Egypt.Carbonates and Evaporites, 33, 663-681.
[51] Keheila E.A., El-Ayyat A.M., 1992. Silicification and dolomitization of the lower Eocene carbonates in the Eastern Desert between Sohag and Qena, Egypt.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 14, 341-349.
[52] Khalil S.M.,McClay, K.R., 2001. Tectonic evolution of the NW Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rift system. In: Wilson, R.C.L., Whitmarsh, R.B., Taylor, B., Froitzheim, N. (Eds.), Non-Volcanic Rifting of Continental Margins: A Comparison of Evidence from Land and Sea. Geological Society (London) Special Publications, 187, 453-473.
[53] Kominz M.A., Browning J.V., Miller K.G., Sugarman P.J., Mizintseva S., Scotese C.R., 2008. Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plain boreholes: an error analysis.Basin Research, 20, 211-226.
[54] Laschet C.,1984. On the origin of cherts.Facies, 10, 275-289.
[55] Maravelis A., Zelilidis A., 2011. Geometry and sequence stratigraphy of the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene shelf and basin floor to slope turbidite systems, Lemnos Island, NE Greece.Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 19, 205-220.
[56] Meneisy M.Y., Abdel Aal A.Y., 1984. Geochronology of Phanerozoic volcanic rocks in Egypt. Bulletin of the Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 25 (B24).
[57] Merico A., Tyrrell T., Wilson P.A., 2008. Eocene/Oligocene ocean de-acidification linked to Antarctic glaciation by sea-level fall.Nature, 452, 979-982.
[58] Miller K.G., Kominz M.A., Browning J.V., Wright J.D., Mountain G.S., Katz M.E., Sugarman P.J., Cramer B.S., Christie-Blick N., Pekar S.F., 2005. The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change.Science, 310, 1293-1298.
[59] Moustafa A.R., Khalil M.H., 1989. North Sinai structures and tectonic evolution.Middle East Research Center, Ain Shams University, Earth Science Series, 3, 215-231.
[60] Nebelsick J.H., Rasser M.W., Bassi D., 2005. Facies dynamics in Eocene to Oligocene circumalpine carbonates.Facies, 51, 197-216.
[61] Noble J.P.A., Van Stempvoort D.R., 1989. Early burial quartz authigenesis in Silurian platform carbonates, New Brunswick, Canada.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 59, 65-76.
[62] Omar G.I., Steckler M.S., 1995. Fission track evidence on the initial rifting of the Red Sea: two pulses, no propagation.Science, 270, 1341-1344.
[63] Omran M.A., El Sharawy M.S., 2014 Tectonic evolution of the Southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt: A comparison between depocenter and near peripheral basins.Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7, 87-107.
[64] Önal M., Kaya M., 2007. Stratigraphy and tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence in the southern part of the Malatya Basin, East Anatolia, Turkey.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29, 878-890.
[65] Osman R.,2003. New findings in the Eocene stratigraphy of Gebel Ataqa - Northern Galala, North Eastern Desert, Egypt.Journal of the Sedimentological Society of Egypt, 11, 95-109.
[66] Plyusnina E.E., Ruban D.A., Conrad C.P., Anjos Zerfass G.S., Zerfass H., 2016. Long-term eustatic cyclicity in the Paleogene: a critical assessment.Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 127, 425-434.
[67] Radwan A.E., Kassem A.A., Kassem A., 2020. Radwany Formation: A new formation name for the Early-Middle Eocene carbonate sediments of the offshore October oil field, Gulf of Suez: Contribution to the Eocene sediments in Egypt.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 116, 104304.
[68] Ravizza G., Peucker-Ehrenbrink B., 2003. The marine 187Os/188Os record of the Eocene-Oligocene transition: The interplay of weathering and glaciation.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 210, 151-165.
[69] Ruban D.A., Sallam E.S., Wanas H.A., 2019. Middle-Late Jurassic sedimentation and sea-level changes on the northeast African margin: A case study in the Khashm El-Galala area, NE Egypt.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 156, 189-202.
[70] Said R.,1962. The Geology of Egypt. Elsevier (Amsterdam, New York), 377 pp.
[71] Sallam E.S., Ruban D.A., 2020. Facies analysis and depositional environments of the Miocene syn-rift carbonate-siliciclastic rock packages in the northwest Gulf of Suez, Egypt.Carbonates and Evaporites, 35, 10.
[72] Sallam E., Issawi B., Osman R., 2015a. Stratigraphy, facies, and depositional environments of the Paleogene sediments in the Cairo-Suez district, Egypt.Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 1939-1964.
[73] Sallam E., Wanas H.A., Osman R., 2015b. Stratigraphy, facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy of the Eocene succession in the Shabrawet area (north Eastern Desert, Egypt): an example for a tectonically influenced inner ramp carbonate platform.Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 10433-10458.
[74] Sallam E.S., Erdem N.O., Sinanoglu D., Ruban D.A., 2018a. Mid-Eocene (Bartonian) larger benthic foraminifera from southeastern Turkey and northeastern Egypt: New evidence for the palaeobiogeography of the Tethyan carbonate platforms.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 141, 70-85
[75] Sallam E.S., Issawi B., Osman R., Ruban D., 2018b. Deposition in a changing paleogulf: evidence from the Pliocene-Quaternary sedimentary succession of the Nile Delta, Egypt.Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11, 558.
[76] Sallam E.S., Afife M.M., Fares M., Van Loon A.J., Ruban D.A., 2019a. Sedimentary facies and diagenesis of the Lower Miocene Rudeis Formation (southwestern offshore margin of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt) and implications for its reservoir quality.Marine Geology, 413, 48-70.
[77] Sallam E.S., Afife M.M., Fares M., Van Loon A.J., Ruban D.A., 2019b. Depositional cycles of the Lower Miocene Rudeis Formation (southwestern offshore margin of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt): Implications for reservoir evaluation.Marine Geology, 415, 105964.
[78] Scheibner C., Speijer R.P., 2009. Recalibration of the Tethyan shallow benthic zonation across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary; the Egyptian record.Geologica Acta, 7, 195-214.
[79] Segev A., Avni Y., Shahar J., Wald R., 2017. Late Oligocene and Miocene different seaways to the Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rift and the Gulf of Aqaba-Dead Sea basins.Earth-Science Reviews, 17, 196-219.
[80] Serra-Kiel J., Hottinger L., Caus E., Drobne K., Ferrandez C., Jauhri A.K., Pavlovec R., Pignatti ., Samso J.M., Schaub H., Sirel E., Strougo A., Tambareau Y., Tosquella J., Zakrevskaya E., 1998. Larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Tethyan Paleocene and Eocene.Bulletin de la. Société Géologique de France, 169, 281-299.
[81] Shukri N.M., Akmal M.G., 1953. The geology of Gebel El Nasuri and Gebel El Anqabia area, Cairo-Suez district.Bulletin de la Société Géographique d'Egypte, 26, 243-276.
[82] Stefan H., Scheibner C., Kuss J., Marzouk A.M., Rasser M.W., 2011. Tectonically driven carbonate ramp evolution at the southern Tethyan shelf: the Lower Eocene succession of the Galala Mountains, Egypt.Facies, 57, 51-72.
[83] Strougo A., Bignot G., Abdallah A.M., 1992. Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Middle Eocene benthic foraminiferal assemblages of north central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Middle East Research Center, Ain Shams University, Earth Science Series, 6, 1-12.
[84] Tawfik M., El-Sorogy A., Moussa M., 2016. Meter-scale cyclicity in Middle Eocene platform carbonates in northern Egypt: implications for facies development and sequence stratigraphy.Journal of African Earth Sciences, 119, 238-255.
[85] Trevisani E., Papazzoni C.A., 1996. Paleoenvironmental control on the morphology of Nummulites fabianii (Prever) in the late Priabonian parasequences of the Mortisa sandstone (Venetian Alps, Northern Italy).Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 102, 363-366.
[86] Tucker M.E., Wright V.P., 1990. Carbonate sedimentology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 482 pp.
[87] Van Wagoner, J.C., Posamentier, H.W., Mitchum, R.M., Vail, P.R., Sarg, J.F., Loutit, T.S., Hardenbol, J., 1988. An overview of the fundamentals of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions. In: Wilgus, C.K., Hastings, B.S., Posamentier, H., Van Wagoner, J., Ross, C.A., Kendall, C.G.S.C. (Eds.) Sea-level changes: an integrated approach. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, 42, 39-45.
[88] Wanas H.A., Sallam E.S., 2016. Abiotically-formed, primary dolomite in the mid-Eocene lacustrine succession at Gebel El-Goza El-Hamra, NE Egypt: An approach to the role of smectitic clays.Sedimentary Geology, 343, 132-140.
[89] Wanas H.A., Sallam E., Zobaa M.K., Li X., 2015. Mid-Eocene alluvial-lacustrine succession at Gebel El-Goza El-Hamra (Shabrawet area, NE Eastern Desert, Egypt): Facies analysis, sequence stratigraphy and paleoclimatic implications.Sedimentary Geology, 329, 115-129.
[90] Whatley R.C.,1983. The application of ostracoda to paleoenvironmental analysis. In: Maddock, R.F. (Ed.), The 8th International Symposium on Ostracodea, Applications of Ostracoda. University of Houston, Department of Geosciences, pp. 51-71.
[91] Wilson J.L.,1975. Carbonate Facies in Geologic History. Springer (New York), 471 pp.
[92] Zachos J., Pagani H., Sloan L., Thomas E., Billups K., 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present.Science, 292, 686-693.
[93] Zobaa M.K., Sallam E.S., Oboh-Ikuenobe F.E., 2015. Palynological evidence for epicontinental dry subtropical to temperate climatic conditions during the Eocene in the southeast Mediterranean.Geological Society of America, Abstracts and Program, 47(7), 142. |