The ancient civilization in different areas of the world has experienced decline in the course of their development， and the reasons have always been the focuses of attention. In recent decades， more attention has been paid to the influence of abrupt climate changes in ancient civilization declining due to the improvement of dating technology and the advances in researches of the Holocene climate change， the relatively more accurate declining time of ancient civilization. The current research progress of the relationships between climate change and ancient civilization declining， including the abrupt climate change， the Holocene climate change and the role of abrupt climate change in civilization declining，are introduced. The thorough understanding of such relationships will not only benefit to understanding of the reasons of ancient civilization declinig， but also provide useful references for humans adaptation to climate changes in the future.