Spatial-temporal characteristics and environmental background of locust plague in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during Ming and Qing Dynasties
Kong Dongyan1, 2, Li Gang1, 2, Chen Hai1, 2
1 College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi; 2 Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi
Abstract：Ming and Qing Dynasties(1368-1911 AD),known as the Chronicles Period of China,belong to the Little Ice Age during which locust plague and other natural disasters were frequently occurring and were well registered in historical documents. The North China Plain is the main source area of locust plague in China's history. It is of special significance to do research on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of North China plain. Based on historical records in the study area during Ming and Qing Dynasties,this paper reconstructed locust outbreak sequences concerning grades,frequency and counties to disclose the temporal dynamics and spatial pattern,and analyzed the causes and environmental mechanism. The results show that: (1)During Ming and Qing Dynasties,locust plague occurred once every 1.8 a and covered 3 counties per year in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Locust used to occur from March to August of the summer-half year with the peak in June and July. And September to February of the winter-half year was less. (2)The locust outbreak grades ranged mainly between two and three,and the average grade was 2.17. The decadal locust outbreak frequency and decadal locust outbreak counties presented an overall rising trend with fluctuations. (3)The number of counties of summer locust was more than that of autumn locust. Either warm or cold winters had little impact on the following summer locust outbreak. (4)The result of wavelet analysis indicated that periodicity occurred with primary periods of 100 a and 30 a and secondary periods of 53 a, 17 a and 11 a. (5)The spatial distribution of locusts presented a certain geographic clustering with southeast far more than northwest. It was greatly affected by the topography and water system pattern. (6)The locust plague was insignificantly affected by temperature change but had a strong relationship with drought and a good correspondence with the Nino3 index.
Kong Dongyan,Li Gang,Chen Hai. Spatial-temporal characteristics and environmental background of locust plague in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during Ming and Qing Dynasties[J]. JOPC, 2017, 19(2): 383-392.
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