Characteristics, distribution and mechanisms of fine-grained turbidite: A case study from the Cambrian Guojiaba Formation in Tangjiahe Section, Northern Sichuan Basin
Gong Qiao-Lin1, Li Fei1, 2, Su Cheng-Peng1, Zeng Kai1, Tang Hao1, Tan Xiu-Cheng1, 2
1 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan; 2 The Sedimentary and Accumulation Department of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs,PetroChina,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan
Abstract：The fine-grained turbidites are different from traditional turbidites described by A. H. Bouma in light of their much finer particle sizes(more than 50% lower than 63μm)and diagnostic features in sedimentary sequences. Study on the upper Guojiaba Formation of lower Cambrian at Tangjiahe Section shows that the fine-grained turbidite system containing typical Stow fine-grained turbidite sequences are widely developed at the Northern Sichuan Basin. The lower sequence(T0-T3)of fine-grained turbidite is stacked by fine-sand,silty and muddy laminae in ascending order,and featured by scour structures and some soft-sediment deformation structures(e.g., dish-like water escape structure). The middle sequence(T4-T6)is comprised of muddy laminae embedded with several discontinuous silty laminae. The upper sequence(T7)is consisted of homogeneous muddy laminae,and overlain by abundant bioturbation structures(T8). Meanwhile,the fine-grained sequences show clear normal grading. Therein,the siliciclastic grains are mainly composed of quartzes,micas and lithic fragments,with few feldspars. The grain size frequency distribution curves(histograms)exhibit that the grain sorting is better than traditional sand-rich turbidite,and grain sizes decreasing gradually from sandy laminae from lower to upper sequence. In addition,the frequency grain sizes show that the types of “one line”and “convex broken line”with the suspended components are dominant. The characteristics of C and M values are parallel with the “C=M”baseline suggesting a feature of suspended sediments in the system of turbidity. Moreover,both C and M values shift to the lower left zone(but also along with the “C=M”line)due to the relatively small grain sizes. In consideration of the sedimentary background of the Qiongzhusi Stage(Series 2),the Motianling Old Land located in northwest direction is probably the main sediment source. The interior and marginal topographies of neighboring mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shallow deposits may provide a favorable topographic condition for the transportation of fine-grained sediments to the shelf. Suspended transportation and paroxysmal events,such as storms and floods,are possibly the main influencing factors for the deposition of fine-grained sediments. The study of fine-grained turbidite from the Guojiaba Formation would be in favor of understanding the lower Cambrian paleogeographic condition,and would have potential value for unconventional oil and gas exploration on the Northern Sichuan Basin.
Gong Qiao-Lin,Li Fei,Su Cheng-Peng et al. Characteristics, distribution and mechanisms of fine-grained turbidite: A case study from the Cambrian Guojiaba Formation in Tangjiahe Section, Northern Sichuan Basin[J]. JOPC, 2018, 20(3): 349-364.
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