Abstract：The source-to-sink(S2S)system can be partitioned into the sediment source,the transition zone,and the sediment sink according to the significance of erosion,transportation or sedimentation in each zone. In terms of the time scale of the research,the S2S systems can be classified into modern systems,Quaternary systems,and deep-time systems. Based on spatial configuration of geomorphological units,the S2S systems can be subdivided into three end-member types,“steep-short-deep”,“wide-deep”,and “wide-shallow”,each of which has differences in sediment volume partition and preservation of sedimentary signals. The complete palaeogeography reconstruction in a S2S system includes reconstruction of the sink palaeogeography and the source palaeogeography. Methods for the sink palaeogeography reconstruction in deep-time scale are approaching their perfection with the development of lithofacies palaeogeography,tectono-palaeogeography,biological palaeogeography and sequence stratigraphy,while the understanding of the source palaeogeography remains challenged,especially when the sediments in the source areas are no longer preserved due to either later tectonic destruction or no deposition. In the S2S approach system,palaeogeography parameters like drainage patterns,areas,and relief in the source area can be acquired through analysis of tectonic elements,analysis of detrital minerals,sediment-volume backfilling,geomorphological scaling relationships,palaeohydraulic scaling relationships,and river sediment flux model. In conclusion,palaeogeography reconstruction of source-to-sink systems in deep-time can reveal the evolution of source palaeogeography from the sedimentary record in the sink,provide the information of sediment supply for basin fill processes,and is of great significance for the prospecting of energy resources and the understanding of palaeoenvironmental evolution in deep-time.
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