1. School of Geoscience,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China; 3. CNOOC International Limited,Beijing 100028,China;
Abstract：Using time-lapse cameras and a 3D laser scanner,74 groups of geomorphic data of alluvial fans were obtained through flume experiments. Then a detailed sedimentary analysis based on these data was performed by using a quantitative software to reveal the sedimentary evolution process of the arid alluvial fan and its depositional architecture. Results suggest that there are obvious differences in hydrodynamics,water flow patterns and growth pattern during the evolution of arid alluvial fans. Based on these differences,the experiment is divided into three stages,including an early,middle,and late stage. In the early stage,the fan surface hydrodynamics was relatively strong,and the sheet flow dominated the deposition. According to the distribution of sheet flow deposits,it can be divided into wide-spread sheet flow deposition and local sheet flow deposition. In the middle period of the experiment,the hydrodynamic strength and expansion rate at the middle-distal part of the fan body reduced. The non-confined channel which is close to the source dominated the deposition,and terminal lobe was mainly deposited on the edge of the river channel. In the late stage of the experiment,the hydrodynamic further reduced causing by the large fan surface and confined channels were the main deposits. Through the flume experiment,an arid alluvial fan depositional architecture model with a three-layer structure has been established. The bottom layer is of a sheet flow lobe complex,the middle layer is characterized by unconfined channels and terminal lobes,and the top layer is constituted by stacked confined channels and small terminal lobes.
[1] 陈德坡,乔雨朋,王军,邱隆伟,刘志宏,刘卫,张阳. 2019. 山东莱阳赭埠村辛格庄组冲积扇沉积特征研究. 石油化工高等学校学报, 32(3): 87-94. [Chen D P,Qiao Y P,Wang J,Qiu L W,Liu Z H,Liu W,Zhang Y.2019. Sedimentary characteristics analysis on alluvial fan of Xingezhuang Formation Zhebu Village in Laiyang,Shandong Province. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 32(3): 87-94] [2] 陈欢庆,梁淑贤,舒治睿,邓晓娟,彭寿昌. 2015. 冲积扇砾岩储层构型特征及其对储层开发的控制作用: 以准噶尔盆地西北缘某区克下组冲积扇储层为例. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 45(1): 13-24. [Chen H Q,Liang S X,Shu Z R,Deng X J,Peng S C.2015. Characteristics of conglomerate reservoir architecture of alluvial fan and its controlling effects to reservoir development: Taking alluvial fan reservoir in some area of northwest margin of Junggar Basin as an example. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 45(1): 13-24] [3] 陈娟,吴小军,陈燕辉,印森林. 2018. 冲积扇储集层构型及三维地质模型: 以准噶尔盆地红车地区红18井区为例. 新疆石油地质, 39(6): 682-688. [Chen J,Wu X J,Chen Y H,Yin S L.2018. Reservoir architecture and 3D geologic model of alluvial fan: A case study of well block Hong-18 of Hongche Area,Junggar Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 39(6): 682-688] [4] 冯文杰,吴胜和,许长福,夏钦禹,伍顺伟,黄梅,景亚菲. 2015. 冲积扇储层窜流通道及其控制的剩余油分布模式: 以克拉玛依油田一中区下克拉玛依组为例. 石油学报, 36(7): 858-870. [Feng W J,Wu S H,Xu C F,Xia Q Y,Wu S W,Huang M,Jing Y F.2015. Water flooding channel of alluvial fan reservoir and its controlling distribution pattern of remaining oil: A case study of Triassic Lower Karamay Formation,Yizhong area,Karamay oilfield,NW China. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 36(7): 858-870] [5] 冯文杰,吴胜和,印森林,张莉,李俊飞,夏钦禹. 2017a. 准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系干旱型冲积扇储层内部构型特征. 地质论评, 63(1): 219-234. [Feng W J,Wu S H,Yin S L,Zhang L,Li J F,Xia Q Y.2017a. Internal architecture characteristics of Triassic arid aluvial fan in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin. Geological Review, 63(1): 219-234] [6] 冯文杰,吴胜和,刘忠保,夏钦禹,张可,徐振华,向显鹏. 2017b. 逆断层正牵引构造对冲积扇沉积过程与沉积构型的控制作用: 水槽沉积模拟实验研究. 地学前缘, 24(6): 370-380. [Feng W J,Wu S H,Liu Z B,Xia Q Y,Zhang K,Xu Z H,Xiang X P.2017b. The controlling effects on depositional process and sedimentary architecture of alluvial fan by normal drag structure caused by thrust fault: Insights from flume tank experiments. Earth Science Frontiers, 24(6): 370-380] [7] 高崇龙,纪友亮,靳军,王剑,杨召,罗正江,任影,张月. 2020. 阵发性洪水控制的河流型冲积扇沉积特征及沉积演化模式: 以和什托洛盖盆地北缘现代白杨冲积扇为例. 石油学报, 41(3): 310-328. [Gao C L,Ji Y L,Jin J,Wang J,Yang Z,Luo Z J,Ren Y,Zhang Y.2020. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution model of fluvial fan dominated by intermittent flood flows: A case study of Baiyang alluvial fan within the northern margin of Heshituoluogai Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(3): 310-328] [8] 古莉,于兴河,万玉金,杜秀芳,帅勇乾,闫伟鹏. 2004. 冲积扇相储层沉积微相分析: 以吐哈盆地鄯勒油气田第三系气藏为例. 天然气地球科学, 15(1): 82-86. [Gu L,Yu X H,Wan Y J,Du X F,Shuai Y Q,Yan W P.2004. Sedimentary facies of the forth sub-member of the shanshan formation at shanle oil and gas field in Tuha Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 15(1): 82-86] [9] 宫清顺,黄革萍,倪国辉,孟祥超,丁梁波. 2010. 准噶尔盆地乌尔禾油田百口泉组冲积扇沉积特征及油气勘探意义. 沉积学报, 28(6): 1135-1144. [Gong Q S,Huang G P,Ni G H,Meng X C,Ding L B.2010. Characteristics of alluvial fan in Baikouquan formation of Wuerhe oil field in Junggar Basin and prospecting significance. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 28(6): 1135-1144] [10] 季政君,荐鹏,闵忠顺,张宇,张丽娜,孟令娜. 2019. 柴达木盆地切16块路乐河组干旱型冲积扇沉积构型表征. 新疆石油天然气, 15(3): 18-21. [Ji Z J,Jian P,Min Z S,Zhang Y,Zhang L N,Meng L N.2019. Characterization of the depositional architecture of the arid-type alluvial fan of the Lulehe Formation in Qie16 block,Qaidam Basin. Xinjiang Oil and Gas, 15(3): 18-21] [11] 蒋平,赵应成,李顺明,许晓明. 2013. 不同沉积体系储集层构型研究与展望. 新疆石油地质, 34(1): 111-115. [Jiang P,Zhao Y C,Li S M,Xu X M.2013. Reservoir configuration research and prospect of different deposit systems. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 34(1): 111-115] [12] 李新坡. 2007. 中国北方地区冲积扇地貌发育特征与影响因素分析. 北京大学博士学位论文. [Li X P. 2007. Geomorphology and Affecting Factors Analysis of Alluvial Fan in North China. Doctoral dissertation of Peking University] [13] 李新坡,莫多闻,朱忠礼. 2006. 侯马盆地冲积扇及其流域地貌发育规律. 地理学报, 61(3): 241-248. [Li X P,Mo D W,Zhu Z L.2006. Developments of alluvial fans and their catchments in Houma Basin. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 61(3): 241-248] [14] 李新坡,莫多闻,朱忠礼,马元旭,刘运明. 2007. 一个片流过程控制的冲积扇: 太原盆地风峪沟冲积扇. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 43(4): 560-566. [Li X P,Mo D W,Zhu Z L,Ma Y X,Liu Y M.2007. A sheetflood-dominated alluvial fan-FengYG alluvial fan,Taiyuan Basin. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 43(4): 560-566] [15] 刘超,姜在兴,陈骥. 2017. 青海湖北部冲积扇沉积特征、演化过程及控制因素. 油气地质与采收率, 24(5): 1-9. [Liu C,Jiang Z X,Chen J.2017. Sedimentary characteristics,evolution controlling factors of the alluvial fans,the north of Qinghai Lake. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 24(5): 1-9] [16] 刘大卫,纪友亮,高崇龙,靳军,杨召,段小兵,桓芝俊,罗妮娜. 2018. 砾质辫状河型冲积扇沉积微相及沉积模式: 以准噶尔盆地西北缘现代白杨河冲积扇为例. 古地理学报, 20(3): 435-451. [Liu D W,Ji Y L,Gao C L,Jin J,Yang Z,Duan X B,Huan Z J,Luo N N.2018. Microfacies and sedimentary models of gravelly braided-river alluvial fan: A case study of modern Baiyanghe-river alluvial fan in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 20(3): 435-451] [17] 秦国省,邹存友,匡明,田雅洁,陈有锋,陈玉琨. 2018. 厚层块状冲积扇沉积演化特征及其对油气富集的控制作用: 以百口泉油田百21井区百口泉组油藏为例. 科学技术与工程, 18(20): 79-87. [Qin G S,Zou Y C,Kuang M,Tian Y J,Chen Y F,Chen Y K.2018. The evolution characteristic of massive alluvial fan and its controlling effect on the hydrocarbon accumulation: A case of Baikouquan Formation in B21 block,Baikouquan Oilfield. Science Technology and Engineering, 18(20): 79-87] [18] 石若峰,刘忠保,冯文杰. 2017. 冲积扇发育过程中砾石颗粒对砂坝和沟流的控制作用: 基于冲积扇水槽模拟实验. 断块油气田, 24(3): 311-315. [Shi R F,Liu Z B,Feng W J.2017. Dominations of gravel particles to sandbar and channel in process of alluvial fan development based on alluvial fan flume experiment. Fault Block Oil & Gas Field, 24(3): 311-315] [19] 吴胜和,范峥,许长福,岳大力,郑占,彭寿昌,王伟. 2012. 新疆克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇内部构型. 古地理学报, 14(3): 331-340. [Wu S H,Fan Z,Xu C F,Yue D L,Zheng Z,Peng S C,Wang W.2012. Internal architecture of alluvial fan in the Triassic Lower Karamay Formation in Karamay Oilfield,Xinjiang. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 14(3): 331-340] [20] 吴胜和,冯文杰,印森林,喻宸,张可. 2016. 冲积扇沉积构型研究进展. 古地理学报, 18(4): 497-512. [Wu S H,Feng W J,Yin S L,Yu C,Zhang K.2016. Research advances in alluvial fan depositional architecture. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 18(4): 497-512] [21] 吴因业,冯荣昌,岳婷,姚根顺,张惠良,马立桥. 2015. 浙江中西部永康盆地及金衢盆地白垩系冲积扇特征. 古地理学报, 17(2): 160-171. [Wu Y Y,Feng R C,Yue T,Yao G S,Zhang H L,Ma L Q.2015. Characteristics of Cretaceous alluvial fans in Yongkang Basin and Jinqu Basin in central and western Zhejiang. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 17(2): 160-171] [22] 印森林,吴胜和,胡张明,吴小军,陈燕辉,任翔. 2016. 正牵引构造对冲积扇储层内部构型的控制作用. 石油实验地质, 38(6): 811-820. [Yin S L,Wu S H,Hu Z M,Wu X J,Chen Y H,Ren X.2016. Controlling effect of normal drag structure on the internal reservoir architecture in an alluvial fan. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 38(6): 811-820] [23] 印森林,刘忠保,陈燕辉,吴小军. 2017. 冲积扇研究现状及沉积模拟实验: 以碎屑流和辫状河共同控制的冲积扇为例. 沉积学报, 35(1): 10-23. [Yin S L,Liu Z B,Chen Y H,Wu X J.2017. Research progress and sedimentation experiment simulation about alluvial fan: A case study on alluvial fan controlled by debris flow and braid river. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 35(1): 10-23] [24] 张纪易. 1985. 粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分. 沉积学报, 3(3): 75-85. [Zhang J Y.1985. Some depositional characteristics and microfacies subdivision of coarse clastic alluvial fans. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 3(3): 75-85] [25] 张阳,蔡明俊,芦凤明,孟庆龙,朱红云,衡亮,王晶晶,马文华. 2019. 碎屑—牵引流控冲积扇储层构型特征及模式: 以沧东凹陷小集油田为例. 中国矿业大学学报, 48(3): 538-552. [Zhang Y,Cai M J,Lu F M,Meng Q L,Zhu H Y,Heng L,Wang J J,Ma W H.2019. Reservoir architecture characteristics and mode of middle and edge alluvial fan controlled by debris flow and traction flow: A case study of Xiaoji oilfield,Cangdong sag. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 48(3): 538-552] [26] 张月,纪友亮,高崇龙,靳军,杨召,宋万达,白东来,刘大卫. 2020. 冲积扇“颗粒支撑砾岩”的成因和分布及其油气地质意义. 中国矿业大学学报, 49(2): 1-15. [Zhang Y,Ji Y L,Gao C L,Jin J,Yang Z,Song W D,Bai D L,Liu D W.2020. Genetic mechanism,distribution and significance for hydrocarbon exploration of the grain-supported conglomerate in alluvial fans. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 49(2): 1-15] [27] Camacho M E, Quesada-Román A, Mata R, Alvarado A.2020. Soil￣geomorphology relationships of alluvial fans in Costa Rica. Geoderma Regional, 21: e00258. [28] Clarke L E,Quine T A,Nicholas A P.2010. An experimental investigation of autogenic behavior during alluvial fan evolution. Geomorphology, 115(3): 278-285. [29] Li S,He H,Hao R,Chen H,Bie H,Liu P.2020. Depositional regimes and reservoir architecture characterization of alluvial fans of Karamay oilfield in Junggar basin,Western China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 186: 106730. [30] Palmquist R C.2019. Alluvial fan sediments and surface ages resulting from differing climatic and tectonic conditions in Star Valley,Wyoming,USA. Catena, 181: 104050. [31] Pendea F I,Gray J T,Ghaleb B,Tantau I,Badarau A S,Nicorici C.2008. Episodic build-up of alluvial fan deposits during the Weichselian Pleniglacial in the western Transylvanian Basin,Romania and their paleoenvironmental significance. Quaternary International, 198(1): 98-112. [32] Sandra P V,Kenneth G E,Trinidad J De T,Miguel L,Nicanor P.2019. Geomorphological evolution of the Rimac River,s alluvial fan,Lima,Peru. Geosciences Journal, 23(3): 409-424. [33] Song F,Su N N,Kong X W,Liu C J,Song C F.2020. Sedimentary characteristics of humid alluvial fan and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation: A case study on the northern margin of the Junggar Basin,west China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 187: 106729. [34] Villacorta S,Evans K G,De Torres T J,Llorente M,Prendes N.2019. Geomorphological evolution of the Rimac River,s alluvial fan,Lima,Peru. Geosciences Journal, 23(3): 409-424.
