Advances on depositional systems tracts in large lake basins and shale oil and gas exploration in mid-western China
WU Yinye1,4, LI Guoxin2, WU Luofei3, XU Zhaohui1,2,4, LONG Guohui1,2, FANG Xiang1,4, FU Lei1, ZHANG Tianshu1, TAO Shizhen1
1 CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083, China; 2 PetroChina Qinghai Oilfields Company Limited,Gansu Dunhuang 736202, China; 3 CNOOC R & D Center of CBM Company,Beijing 100011, China; 4 Research Center of Qaidam Basin,PetroChina,Gansu Dunhuang 736202, China
Abstract：Detrital siliciclastics and carbonate deposits are widely distributed in China,and many new oil and gas fields have been discovered in petroliferous basins,especially in tight oil/shale oil exploration in recent years. It is suitable for studies of allo-cyclic sequences with genetic connections to explain the sequence stratigraphic unit according to the evolution of the sedimentary systems tract and accommodation changes. Through this approach,sequence evolution models could be built and oil and gas reservoirs could be predicted. The advances on systems tracts of deep-water systems are manifested in the introduction of the concept of forced regression(sea or lake),developing from the classical three-division systems tracts to the four systems tract and/or two systems tracts,and the distribution of internal relative comformity sequence and systems tract at different scales are closely related to naming. The falling stage systems tract(FSST)and forced regression wedge systems tract(FRW)are formed under different conditions. A-P-D parasequence stacking pattern analysis is used to analyze the Hyperpycnal and the sediment mechanism of normal fluid(Homopycnal and/or Hypopycnal),which improves the accuracy of systems tract identification and oil and gas reservoir prediction. Research examples of the Qaidam Basin and Sichuan Basin confirm that lacustrine transgressive systems tract develops as as lake level rises,shallow lake and semi-deep lake areas expand,the deltaic thin-bedded sands and deep-water turbidite fans and multi-cycle muddy shale-marl combinations are developed in depocenters. It is conducive to the development of shale oil and gas reservoirs and become the “sweet spots” of exploration target areas. Looking forward to the future,important progress will be made in the field of shale oil and gas exploration in the following aspects: (1)research on high-frequency cycle systems tract of deep-water depositional systems in salt lake basins; (2)study on mixed depositional systems of TST that are related to shale type and mixed sediment shale oil types; (3)sequence-paleogeographic studies at the scale of systems tract; (4)studies on source-sink systems and the distribution characteristics of ancient lakes under the framework of systems tract; (5)geochemical indexes analysis of paleo-water depth,paleo-climate and paleo-environment in lakes;(6)reservoir capacity of micro-nanoscale pore-fracture systems in organic-rich shales;(7)sedimentological research on the contribution rate of pure lacustrine mudstones and swamp mudstones to large-scale natural gas hydrocarbon resources.
WU Yinye,LI Guoxin,WU Luofei et al. Advances on depositional systems tracts in large lake basins and shale oil and gas exploration in mid-western China[J]. JOPC, 2022, 24(4): 728-741.
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