Sedimentary characteristics and mineralization model of high￣grade phosphorite in the Sinian Doushantuo Age of Kaiyang area, central Guizhou Province
Zhang Yaguan1, Du Yuansheng1, Chen Guoyong2, Liu Jianzhong3, Wang Zepeng3, Xu Yuanyuan1, Tan Daiwei3, Li Lei3, Wang Dafu3, Wu Wenming3
1 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei; 2 Science and Technology Information Department,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550004,Guizhou; 3 Geological Brigade 105,Brueau of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550018,Guizhou;
Abstract There were thick and high-grade phosphorite beds in Kaiyang area of central Guizhou Province during the global phosphogenesis events in the Sinian Doushantuo Age. This paper used thin sections observation,stratigraphic comparison and subdivision and sedimentary facies analysis to study the sedimentary characteristics and mineralization model of phosphorite deposits in the Sinian Doushantuo Age in Kaiyang area,central Guizhou Province. The result showed that: (1)Kaiyang area was located in north margin of Central Guizhou Old Land which was a phosphorus beach during the Sinian Doushantuo Age. The high-grade phosphorite ore in Kaiyang area was mainly composed of sand clastic phosphate rocks which were formed in the process of sedimentation-diagenesis of phosphorus-rich deposits,during which they were erosion and broken,exposed and leached,accumulated and cemented repeatedly. (2)The palaeogeographic environment and unstable seawater condition controlled the deposition and enrichment of phosphorite in Kaiyang area. Shore face zone like Yangshui or Yongwen which were in a depositional condition with moderately-deep seawater in the Sinian Doushantuo Age was the advantageous metallogenetic zone. Foreshore zone with too shallow seawater and offshore zone with too deep seawater were unbeneficial for phosphorus aggregation and mineralization. (3)The dynamic mineralization model of phosphorite deposits in Kaiyang area showed that frequent transgression and regression during the Doushantuo Age made phosphate rocks which originally deposited in shore face zone experienced multi-stages erosion,exposure,leaching,cementing and redeposition. Physical winnowing action,weathering and leaching gathered phosphorus and ultimately led to the formation of high-grade phosphorite.
Corresponding Authors:
Du Yuansheng,born in 1958,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), and he is mainly engaged in sedimentary geology. E-mail: duyuansheng126@126.com.
About author: Zhang Yaguan,born in 1990,is a Ph.D. candidate of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), and his major is sedimentary geology. E-mail: zyg1000800@sina.cn.About the corresponding author Du Yuansheng,born in 1958,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), and he is mainly engaged in sedimentary geology. E-mail: duyuansheng126@126.com.
Cite this article:
Zhang Yaguan,Du Yuansheng,Chen Guoyong et al. Sedimentary characteristics and mineralization model of high￣grade phosphorite in the Sinian Doushantuo Age of Kaiyang area, central Guizhou Province[J]. JOPC, 2016, 18(4): 581-594.
Zhang Yaguan,Du Yuansheng,Chen Guoyong et al. Sedimentary characteristics and mineralization model of high￣grade phosphorite in the Sinian Doushantuo Age of Kaiyang area, central Guizhou Province[J]. JOPC, 2016, 18(4): 581-594.
1 陈国勇,杜远生,张亚冠,陈庆刚,范玉梅,王泽鹏,谭华. 2015. 黔中地区震旦纪含磷岩系时空变化及沉积模式. 地质科技情报,34(6):17-25. [Chen G Y,Du Y S,Zhang Y G,Chen Q G,Fan Y M,Wang Z P,Tan H. 2015. Spatial and temporal variation and mineralization model of the Sinian phosphorus-bearing sequences in central Guizhou Province. Geological Science and Technology Information,34(6):17-25] 2 陈其英,郭师曾. 1985. 中国东部震旦纪和寒武纪磷块岩的结构成因类型及其沉积相和环境. 地质科学,(3):224-235. [Chen Q Y,Guo S Z. 1985. Text-genetic types,facies characteristics and formation environment of phosphorites of Sinian and Cambrian in east China. Scientia Geologica Sinica,(3):224-235] 3 郭庆军,杨卫东,刘丛强,Harald Strauss,王兴理,赵元龙. 2003. 贵州瓮安生物群和磷矿形成的沉积地球化学研究. 矿物岩石地球化学通报,22(3):202-208. [Guo Q J,Yang W D,Liu C Q,Harald S,Wang X L,Zhao Y L. 2003. Sedimentary geochemistry research on the radiation of Weng��an Biota and the formation of the Phosphorite Ore Deposit,Guizhou. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,22(3):202-208] 4 刘静江,李伟,张宝民,周慧,袁晓红,单秀琴,张静,邓胜徽,谷志东,樊茹,王拥军,李鑫. 2015. 上扬子地区震旦纪沉积古地理. 古地理学报,17(6):735-753. [Liu Z J,Li W,Zhang B M,Zhou H,Yuan X H,Shan X Q,Zhang J,Deng S H,Gu Z D,Fan R,Wang Y J,Li X. 2015. Sedimentary palaeogeography of the Sinian in Upper Yangtze Region. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),17(6):735-753] 5 刘魁梧. 1985. 沉积磷块岩结构类型、成因及成矿阶段. 沉积学报,(1):29-41. [Liu K W. 1985. The textures types,geneses and ore-forming stages of sedimentary phosphorite. Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,(1):29-41] 6 刘魁梧,陈其英. 1994. 磷块岩的胶结作用. 地质科学,29(1):62-70. [Liu K W,Chen Q Y. 1994. Cementation processes of phosphorites. Scientia Geologica Sinica,29(1):62-70] 7 毛铁,杨瑞东,高军波,毛家仁. 2015. 贵州织金寒武系磷矿沉积特征及灯影组古喀斯特面控矿特征研究. 地质学报,89(12):2374-2388. [Mao T,Yang R D,Gao J B,Mao J R. 2015. Study of sedimentary feature of Cambrian Phosphorite and ore-controlling feature of old karst surface of the Dengying Formation in Zhijin,Guizhou. Acta Geologica Sinica,89(12):2374-2388] 8 梅冥相,张海,孟晓庆,陈永红. 2006. 上扬子区下寒武统的层序地层划分和层序地层格架的建立. 中国地质,33(6):1292-1304. [Mei M X,Zhang H,Meng X Q,Chen Y H. 2006. Sequence stratigraphic division and framework of the lower Cambrian in the Upper Yangtze region. China Geology,33(6):1292-1304] 9 密文天,林丽,马叶情,王新利,任才云,周玉华. 2010. 贵州瓮安陡山沱组含磷岩系沉积序列及磷块岩的形成. 沉积与特提斯地质,30(3):46-52. [Mi W T,Lin L,Ma Y Q,Wang X L,Ren C Y,Zhou Y H. 2010. Depositional sequences of the phosphatic rock series and formation of the phosphorites in the Doushantuo formation in Wengan,Guizhou. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,30(3):46-52] 10 密文天,林丽,周玉华,付修根,马叶情. 2009. 贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩生物标志物特征及对沉积环境的指示. 沉积与特提斯地质,29(2):55-59. [Mi W T,Lin L,Zhou Y H,Fu X Y,Ma Y Q. 2009. Biomarkers of the phosphorites and their indicators of the sedimentary environments of the Doushantuo formation in Weng’an,Guizhou. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,29(2):55-59] 11 王自强,高林志,尹崇玉. 2001. 峡东地区震旦系等时层序地层格架的建立. 中国区域地质,20(4):368-376. [Wang Z Q,Gao L Z,Yin C Y. 2001. Establishment of the Sinian isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework in the eastern Yangtze Gorges area. Regional Geology of China,20(4):368-376] 12 吴祥和,韩至钧,蔡继峰,肖永连. 1999. 贵州磷块岩. 北京:地质出版社,30-43,49-66. [Wu X H,Han Z J,Cai J F,Xiao Y L. 1999. Phosphorites in Guizhou.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,30-43,49-66] 13 杨爱华,朱茂炎,张俊明,赵方臣,吕苗. 2015. 扬子板块埃迪卡拉系(震旦系)陡山沱组层序地层划分与对比. 古地理学报,17(1):1-20. [Yang A H,Zhu M Y,Zhang J M,Zhao F C,Lü M. 2015. Sequence stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Ediacaran(Sinian)Doushantuo Formation of Yangtze Plate,South China. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),17(1):1-20] 14 叶连俊,陈其英,赵东旭,陈志明,陈有明,刘魁梧. 1989. 中国磷块岩. 北京:科学出版社,89-102,223-237. [Ye L J,Chen Q Y,Zhao D X,Chen Z M,Chen Y M,Liu K W. 1989. China Phosphate Rock. Beijing:Science Press,89-102,223-237] 15 张伟,杨瑞东,毛铁,任海利,高军波,陈吉艳. 2015. 瓮安埃迪卡拉系灯影组叠层石磷块岩形成环境及成矿机制. 高校地质学报,21(2):186-195. [Zhang W,Yang R D,Mao T,Ren H L,Gao J B,Chen J Y. 2015. Sedimentary Environment and Mineralization Mechanism of the Stromatolitic Phosphorite in the Ediacaran Dengying Formation,Weng��an County of Guizhou Province,China. Geological Journal of China Universities,21(2):186-195] 16 赵东旭. 1986. 震旦纪陡山沱组的碎屑磷块岩. 岩石学报,2(3):66-75. [Zhao D X. 1986. Intraclastic phosphorites of Doushantuo formation in Sinian period. Actapetaologica Sinica,2(3):66-75] 17 Cook P J. 1992. Phosphogenesis around the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition. Journal of the Geological Society,149(4):615-620. 18 Cook P J,McElhinny M W. 1979. A reevaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of sedimentary phosphate deposits in the light of plate tectonics. Economic Geology,74(2):315-330. 19 Cook P J,Shergold J H. 1984. Phosphorus,phosphorites and skeletal evolution at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. Nature,10(308):231-236. 20 Delaney M L. 1998. Phosphorus accumulation in marine sediments and the oceanic phosphorus cycle. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,12(4):563. 21 Filippelli G M. 2008. The global phosphorus cycle: Past,present,and future. Elements,4(2):89-95. 22 Filippelli G M. 2011. Phosphate rock formation and marine phosphorus geochemistry:The deep time perspective. Chemosphere,84(6):759-766. 23 Filippelli G M,Delaney M L. 1996. Phosphorus geochemistry of equatorial Pacific sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,60(9):1479-1495. 24 Föllmi K B. 1996. The phosphorus cycle,phosphogenesis and marine phosphate-rich deposits. Earth-Science Reviews,40(1):55-124. 25 Mort H P,Adatte T,Föllmi K B. 2007. Phosphorus and the roles of productivity and nutrient recycling during oceanic anoxic event 2. Geology,35(6):483. 26 Planavsky N J,Rouxel O J,Bekker A,Lalonde S V,Konhauser K O,Reinhard C T,Lyons T W. 2010. The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir. Nature,467(7319):1088-1090. 27 Pufahl P K,Grimm K A. 2003. Coated phosphate grains:Proxy for physical,chemical,and ecological changes in seawater. Geology,31(9):801-804. 28 She Z B,Strother P,McMahon G,Nittler L R,Wang J H,Zhang J H,Sang L K,Ma C Q,Papineau D. 2013. Terminal Proterozoic cyanobacterial blooms and phosphogenesis documented by the Doushantuo granular phosphorites Ⅰ:In situ micro-analysis of textures and composition. Precambrian Research,235:20-35. 29 She Z B,Strother P,Papineau D. 2014. Terminal Proterozoic cyanobacterial blooms and phosphogenesis documented by the Doushantuo granular phosphorites Ⅱ:Microbial diversity and C isotopes. Precambrian Research,251:62-79. 30 Zhu M Y,Zhang J M,Yang A H. 2007. Integrated Ediacaran(Sinian)chronostratigraphy of South China. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,254(1-2):7-61.
