Abstract A major hydrocarbon reservoir has been discovered in the deep Paleozoic carbonate buried-hill in southwestern Bozhong sag,Bohai Bay Basin. The strong heterogeneity of carbonate karst reservoir was revealed through well data. The sedimentary facies is determined to be the main controlling factor in the development of the karst reservoir. In this study,cores and thin sections were described in terms of sedimentary fabric,while log facies,trace elements and palaeontologic data were used to determine hydrodynamic condition and palaeo-depth. Petrological,geophysical and geochemistry data were integrated to characterize the sedimentary facies. The studied interval is considered to represent an early Ordovician transgression to middle-late Ordovician regression sequence. Two sedimentary sub-facies including open platform and restricted platform were identified,which could be further subdivided into four microfacies: Platform shoal,inter-shoal,sub-tidal and inter-tidal microfacies. The platform shoal and sub-tidal microfacies show a continuous distributed thick succession which suggests strong hydrodynamics during deposition. The hydrodynamic condition also favored the development of earlier dissolution pores of the reservoir. Moreover,the quality of the reservoir is further enhanced through later weathering and leaching. Therefore,the platform shoal and sub-tidal microfacies are promising in developing high-quality karst reservoir zones,which have important implication for future oil and gas exploration.
Fund:Financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Nos.2011ZX05023-002,2011ZX05023-006-002)
About author: Hua Xiaoli,born in 1988,master,is mainly engaged in researches of carbonate rock and reservoirs. E-mail: deam2006@126.com.
Cite this article:
Hua Xiaoli,Li Huiyong,Sun Xijia et al. The Paleozoic sedimentary microfacies and its control on karst reservoir in southwestern Bozhong sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. JOPC, 2017, 19(6): 1013-1022.
Hua Xiaoli,Li Huiyong,Sun Xijia et al. The Paleozoic sedimentary microfacies and its control on karst reservoir in southwestern Bozhong sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. JOPC, 2017, 19(6): 1013-1022.
[1] 杜圣贤,张瑞华,张贵丽,张俊波,陈雪梅. 2007. 山东张夏—崮山地区华北寒武系标准剖面上寒武统研究新进展. 山东国土资源,23(10): 1-6. [Du S X,Zhang R H,Zhang G L,Zhang J B,Chen X M. 2007. New development of study on lower part of Cambrian in Cambrian standard profile in Zhangxia-Gushan area in Shandong Province. Land and Resources in Shandong Province,23(10): 1-6] [2] 段杰. 2009. 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘下古生界碳酸盐岩储集层特征研究. 成都理工大学博士论文,1-114. [Duan J. 2009. Research for the Lower Paleozoic carbonatite reservoir characteristics in the south of Ordos Basin. Chengdu, Sichuan: The Doctoral Dissertation of Chengdu University of Technology,1-114] [3] 冯仁蔚,欧阳诚,庞艳君,李柱正,罗璇,张沁,李世银,周瑜,程亮. 2014. 层间风化壳岩溶发育演化模式: 以塔中川庆EPCC区块奥陶系鹰一段—鹰二段为例. 石油勘探与开发,41(1): 45-54. [Feng R W,Ou Y C,Pang Y J,Li Z Z,Luo X,Zhang Q,Li S Y,Zhou Y,Cheng L. 2014. Evolution modes of interbedded weathering crust karst: A case study of the 1st and 2nd members of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in EPCC block,Tazhong,Tarim Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development,41(1): 45-54] [4] 付孝悦,王津义,张汉荣. 2002. 南方海相天然气保存机理及保存条件初探. 海相油气地质,7(2): 43-47. [Fu X Y,Wang J Y,Zhang H R. 2002. Preliminary discussion on preservation mechanisms and conditions for natural gas in southern China. Marine Origin Petoleum Geology,7(2): 43-47] [5] 郭春杰,王迪,王保军. 2013. 自然伽马能谱测井在沉积学中的应用研究. 国外测井技术,(1):34-36. [Guo C J,Wang D,Wang B J. 2013. Application of natural gamma ray spectroscopy logging in sedimentology. World Well Logging Technology,(1):34-36] [6] 郭彤楼,楼章华,马永生. 2003. 南方海相油气保存条件评价和勘探决策中应注意的几个问题. 石油实验地质,25(1): 3-9. [Guo T L,Lou Z H,Ma Y S. 2003. Several problems on oil and gas preservation and their commercial prospecting in marine sequences of south China. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,25(1): 3-9] [7] 何宏,彭苏萍,邵龙义. 2004. 巴楚寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩微量元素及沉积环境. 新疆石油地质,25(6): 631-633. [He H,Peng S P,Shao L Y. 2004. Trace elements and sedimentary settings of Cambrian-Ordovician carbonates in Bachu area,Tarim Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,25(6): 631-633] [8] 侯雨庭. 2007. 利用成像测井进行沉积相与储集层综合评价方法研究. 西北大学博士论文,1-107. [Hou Y T. 2007. Research of Using Imaging Logging to Comprehensive Evaluation of Sedimentary Facies and Reservoir. Xi’an, Shaanxi: The Doctoral Dissertation of Northwest University,1-107] [9] 胡明毅. 1994. 塔北柯坪奥陶系碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及环境意义. 石油与天然气地质,15(2): 158-162. [Hu M Y. 1994. Geochemical characters and environmental significance of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Keping area,Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology,15(2): 158-162] [10] 胡明毅. 1999. 利用地球化学标志识别沉积环境: 以中扬子台地北缘上震旦统为例. 石油勘探与开发,26(6): 39-41. [Hu M Y. 1999. Analyzing sedimentary environment using geochemical indicators: An example from north margin of Middle Yantze platform in Last Sinian. Petroleum Exploration and Development,26(6): 39-41] [11] 黄金元,张克信,张启跃,吕涛,周长勇,白建科. 2009. 云南罗平中三叠世大凹子剖面牙形石生物地层及其沉积环境研究. 微体古生物学报,26(3): 211-224. [Huang J Y,Zhang K X,Zhang Q Y,Lü T,Zhou C Y,Bai J K. 2009. Conodonts stratigraphy and sedimentary environment of the Middle Triassic at Daaozi section of Luoping County,Yunnan Province,south China. Micropalaeontology Journal,26(3): 211-224] [12] 李多丽,刘兴礼,钟广法,郭秀丽. 2009. 塔中Ⅰ号坡折带礁滩型储集层沉积微相成像测井解释. 新疆石油地质,30(2): 197-200. [Li D L,Liu X L,Zhong G F,Guo X L. 2009. Interpretation of imaging logs of sedimentary microfacies of reef flat reservoir in Tazhong No.1 Slope Break Zone,Tarim Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,30(2): 197-200] [13] 李军,Servais T,燕夔. 2003. 华南上扬子区早—中奥陶世疑源类古环境意义. 地层学杂志,27(4): 298-305. [Li J,Servais T,Yan K. 2003. Palaeoenvironmental significance of the Early-Middle Ordovician Acritarchs from the Upper Yangtze Platform,South China. Journal of Stratigraphy,27(4): 298-305] [14] 李启桂,李克胜,周卓铸,燕继红,唐欢阳. 2013. 四川盆地桐湾不整合面古地貌特征与岩溶分布预测. 石油与天然气地质,34(4): 516-521. [Li Q G,Li K S,Zhou Z Z,Yan J H,Tang H Y. 2013. Palaeogeomorphology and karst distribution of Tongwan unconformity in Sichuan Basin. Oil & Gas Geology,34(4): 516-521] [15] 李越,黄智斌,王建坡,王志浩,薛耀松,张俊明,张元动,樊隽轩,张园园. 2009. 新疆巴楚中—晚奥陶世牙形刺生物地层和沉积环境研究. 地层学杂志,33(2): 113-122. [Li Y,Huang Z B,Wang J P,Wang Z H,Xue Y S,Zhang J M, Zhang Y D,Fan J X,Zhang Y Y. 2009. Conodont biostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Middle and Upper Ordovician in Bachu,Xinjiang. Journal of Stratigraphy,33(2): 113-122] [16] 李忠雄,钱咏臻. 2001. 扬子地台西缘志留系牙形刺研究新进展. 沉积与特提斯地质,21(3): 87-101. [Li Z X,Qian Y Z. 2001. Recent progress in the research on the Sinian conodonts from the western margin of the Yangtze platform. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,21(3): 87-101] [17] 莫静,王兴志,冷胜远,林刚,熊剑文,谢林,周正. 2013. 川中地区震旦系灯影组储集层特征及其主控因素. 中国地质,40(5): 1505-1514. [Mo J,Wang X Z,Leng S Y,Lin G,Xiong J W,Xie L,Zhou Z. 2013. Reservoir characteristics and control factors of Sinian Dengying Formation in central Sichuan. Geology in China,40(5): 1505-1514] [18] 倪春华,周小进,王果寿,刘运黎,杨帆. 2011. 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉组烃源岩沉积环境与地球化学特征. 石油与天然气地质,32(1): 38-46. [Ni C H,Zhou X J,Wang G S,Liu Y L,Yang F. 2011. Sedimentary environment and geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Pingliang Formation,southern margin of the Ordos Basin. Oil & Gas Geology,32(1): 38-46] [19] 孙浩. 2013. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘奥陶系牙形石及其生物地层. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京)硕士论文,1-72. [Sun H. 2013. Ordovician Conodonts and Its Biostratigraphy in the Eastern Margin of the Ordos Basin. The Master Thesis of China University of Geosciences(Beijing),1-72] [20] 谭秀成,邹娟,李凌,周彦,罗冰,刘宏,姚宴波,林建平. 2008. 磨溪气田嘉二段陆表海型台地内沉积微相研究. 石油学报,29(2): 219-225. [Tan X C,Zou J,Li L,Zhou Y,Luo B,Liu H,Yao Y B,Lin J P. 2008. Research on sedimentary microfacies of the epicontinental sea platform of Jia 2 Member in Moxi gas field. Acta Petrolei Sinica,29(2): 219-225] [21] 王建波,沈安江,蔡习尧,罗友成,李越. 2008. 全球奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏综述. 地层学杂志,32(4): 363-373. [Wang J B,Shen A J,Cai X Y,Luo Y C,Li Y. 2008. A review of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the world. Journal of Stratigraphy,32(4): 363-373] [22] 王必金,张士万,郭战峰,陈绵琨,刘新民. 2013. 鄂西—渝东区长兴组礁滩体发现及相带分布. 石油与天然气地质,34(3): 342-347. [Wang B J,Zhang S W,Guo Z F,Chen M K,Liu X M. 2013. New evidences of reefs,shoals and sedimentary facies of the Changxing Formation in Western Hubei and Eastern Chongqing area. Oil & Gas Geology,34(3): 342-347] [23] 汪凯明,罗顺社. 2009. 碳酸盐岩地球化学特征与沉积环境判别意义: 以冀北坳陷长城系高于庄组为例. 石油与天然气地质,30(3): 343-349. [Wang K M,Luo S S. 2009. Geochemical characters of carbonates and indicative significance of sedimentary environment: An example from the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Changcheng System in the northern Hebei Depression. Oil & Gas Geology,30(3): 343-349] [24] 吴煜宇,张为民,田昌炳,宋本彪,高计县,高严. 2013. 成像测井资料在礁滩型碳酸盐岩储集层岩性和沉积相识别中的应用: 以伊拉克鲁迈拉油田为例. 地球物理学进展,28(3): 1497-1506. [Wu Y Y,Zhang W M,Tian C B,Song B B,Gao J X,Gao Y. 2013. Application of image logging in identifying lithologies and sedimental facies in reef-shoal carbonate reservoir: Take Rumaila oil field in Iraq for example. Progress in Geophysics,28(3): 1497-1506] [25] 邢舟,王军,王志强,毛尚明. 2005. 自然伽马能谱测井在碳酸盐岩储集层的地质应用. 石油天然气学报,27(6): 743-745. [Xing Z,Wang J,Wang Z Q,Mao S M. 2005. Application of natural gamma ray spectroscopy logging in carbonate reservoir. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,27(6): 743-745] [26] 徐立恒,陈践发,李玲,马广宇,刘钰丹. 2009. 普光气藏长兴—飞仙关组碳酸盐岩C、O同位素、微量元素分析及古环境意义. 地球学报,30(1): 103-110. [Xu L H,Chen J F,Li L,Ma G Y, Liu Y D. 2009. Carbon,oxygen isotope and trace element characteristics of carbonate rocks in Changxing-Feixianguan Formation of Puguang gas pool and its palaeoenvironment significance. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(1): 103-110] [27] 燕夔,李军,刘建波. 2005. 华南早—中奥陶世疑源类生物多样性与海平面变化. 科学通报,50(18): 1989-1995. [Yan K,Li J,Liu J B. 2005. Acritarchs biological diversity and sea level changes in Early-Middle Ordovician,South China. Chinese Science Bulletin,50(18): 1989-1995] [28] 阳孝法,林畅松,杨海军,彭莉,刘景彦,肖天君,佟建宇,王海平,李换浦. 2010. 自然伽马能谱在塔中地区晚奥陶世碳酸盐岩层序地层分析中的应用. 石油地球物理勘探,45(3): 384-391. [Yang X F,Lin C S,Yang H J,Peng L,Liu J Y,Xiao T J,Tong J Y,Wang H P,Li H P. 2010. Application of natural gamma ray spectrometry in analysis of Late Ordovician carbonate sequence stratigraphic analysis in middle Tarim Basin. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,45(3): 384-391] [29] 张敏,尹成明,寿建峰,陈子炓,张跃中. 2004. 柴达木盆地西部地区古近系及新近系碳酸盐岩沉积相. 古地理学报,6(2): 392-400. [Zhang M,Yin C M,Shou J F,Chen Z L,Zhang Y Z. 2004. Sedimentary facies of carbonate rocks of the Paleogene and Neogene in western Qaidam Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),6(2): 392-400] [30] 张松扬,范宜仁,李会银. 2006. 基于自然伽马能谱测井的岩溶型碳酸盐岩储集层层位划分与对比. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),30(6): 35-41. [Zhang S Y,Fan Y R,Li H Y. 2006. Karst carbonate reservoir division and contrast based on natural gamma ray spectrometry logging in Tahe Oilfield. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),30(6): 35-41] [31] 张涛,闫相宾. 2007. 塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储集层主控因素探讨. 石油与天然气地质,28(6): 745-754. [Zhang T,Yan X B. 2007. A discussion on main factors controlling deep carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology,28(6): 745-754] [32] 赵彦彦. 2009. 皖南新元古界蓝田组碳酸盐岩沉积地球化学. 中国科学技术大学博士论文,1-226. [Zhao Y Y. 2009. Sedimentary Geochemistry of NeoProterozoic Carbonates in the Lantian Formation from Southern Anhui in South China. The Doctoral Dissertation of University of Science and Technology of China,1-226] [33] 周进高,邓红婴. 2003. 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层非均质性评价. 海相油气地质,8(1): 68-73. [Zhou J G,Deng H Y. 2003. Reservoir heterogeneity evaluation of Ordovician carbonate,Ordos Basin. Marine Origin Petoleum Geology,8(1): 68-73]
