Quantitative evaluation of impact of authigenic chlorite on reservoir quality: a case study of the Member 3 of Weizhou Formation in Weixinan sag, Beibu Gulf Basin
1 School of Geosciences,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China; 2 Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC),Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524057,China; 3 Research Center of Exploration and Development Technology of Yanchang Oilfield Co., Ltd.,Yan’an, Shaanxi 716001,China
Abstract In order to quantitatively study the impact of authigenic chlorite on reservoir property, different analytical results, including conventional core analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thin section identification, laser particle size analysis and clay mineral X-ray diffraction, were used to illustrate the impact of authigenic chlorite on quartz overgrowth, pore structure and reservoir property under the limited controlling factors of reservoir,taking the reservoir of the Member 3 of Paleogene Weizhou Formation in Weizhou-12-X oilfield in Weixinan sag, Beibu Gulf Basin as an example. The comprehensive score evaluation method is put forward to quantitatively evaluate the controlling effect of authigenic chlorite on reservoir physical property. The results show that the “controlling pore throat” effect in fine sandstone with low chlorite content(20%~30%)and high quartz overgrowth and calcite content(7.3%)is equivalent to that of fine sandstone with high chlorite content(30%~40%)and low quartz overgrowth and calcite content(2.4%)when the rock dissolution is stronger than the chlorite precipitation, and their “controlling pore throat” effects are complementary. The “controlling porosity and permeability” effect of authigenic chlorite restrict with other factors (e.g., grain size, sorting, contents of cement and clay), which shows complementarity and difference. The “controlling porosity and permeability” effect of medium-grained sandstone with relative low chlorite content is equivalent to the fine-grained sandstone with relative high chlorite content. The “controlling porosity and permeability” effect of authigenic chlorite in the fine-grained sandstone with low clay content is weaker than that of the fine-grained sandstone with high clay content. In short, for a given lithofacies, there is a positive correlation between the contents of coated or lined chlorite and porosity and permeability, while it shows a negative correlation between the content of pore filling chlorite and porosity and permeability.
Fund:National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05046-001-006)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41572135)
About author: Chen Guo-Song,born in 1993,is a doctoral candidate in Northeast Petroleum University. He is mainly engaged in reservoir and petroleum geology. E-mail: dydlcgs@163.com.
Cite this article:
Chen Guo-Song,Meng Yuan-Lin,Huan Jin-Lai et al. Quantitative evaluation of impact of authigenic chlorite on reservoir quality: a case study of the Member 3 of Weizhou Formation in Weixinan sag, Beibu Gulf Basin[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(3): 639-650.
Chen Guo-Song,Meng Yuan-Lin,Huan Jin-Lai et al. Quantitative evaluation of impact of authigenic chlorite on reservoir quality: a case study of the Member 3 of Weizhou Formation in Weixinan sag, Beibu Gulf Basin[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(3): 639-650.
[1] 陈宝赟,李荣西,梁积伟,黄克洲. 2014. 自生绿泥石及其对储集层物性影响研究: 以鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘延长组为例. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 33(3): 389-394. [Chen B Y,Li R X,Liang J W,Huang K Z.2014. Authigenic chlorite and its impaction on reservoir physical properties: an example from the Yanchang Formation of the Southwest Ordos Basin. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 33(3): 389-394] [2] 丁晓琪,张哨楠,葛鹏莉,万友利. 2010. 鄂南延长组绿泥石环边与储集性能关系研究. 高校地质学报, 16(2): 247-254. [Ding X Q,Zhang S N,Ge P L,Wan Y L.2010. Relationship between reservoir properties and chlorite rims: a case study from Yanchang Formation of south Ordos Basin,North China. Geological Journal of China Universities, 16(2): 247-254] [3] 公繁浩,鲍志东,范正平,伍星,刘丽. 2011. 自生绿泥石对砂岩储集层影响的新认识. 新疆石油地质, 32(4): 338-341. [Gong F H,Bao Z D,Fan Z P,Wu X,Liu L.2011. New sight about affect of authigenic chlorite on sandstone reservoir. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 32(4): 338-341] [4] 黄思静,谢连文,张萌,武文慧,沈立成,刘洁. 2004. 中国三叠系陆相砂岩中自生绿泥石的形成机制及其与储集层孔隙保存的关系. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 31(3): 273-281. [Huang S J,Xie L W,Zhang M,Wu W H,Shen L C,Liu J.2004. Formation mechanism of authigenic chlorite and relation to preservation of porosity in nonmarine Triassic reservoir sandstones,Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin,China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 31(3): 273-281] [5] 兰叶芳,黄思静,吕杰. 2011. 储集层砂岩中自生绿泥石对孔隙结构的影响: 来自鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组的研究结果. 地质通报, 38(1): 134-140. [Lan Y F,Huang S J,Lü J.2011. Influences of authigenic chlorite on pore structure in sandstone reservoir: a case study from Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin,China. Geological Bulletin of China, 38(1): 134-140] [6] 刘林玉,曲志浩,孙卫,岳乐平,朱玉双. 1998. 新疆鄯善油田碎屑岩中的黏土矿物特征. 西北大学学报(自然科学版), 28(5): 443-446. [Liu L Y,Qu Z H,Sun W,Yue L P,Zhu Y S.1998. Properties of clay mineral of clastic rock in Shanshan Oil Field,Xinjiang. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 28(5): 443-446] [7] 吕正祥,卿淳. 2001. 川西新场气田上沙溪庙组储层渗透性的地质影响因素. 沉积与特提斯地质, 21(2): 58-63. [Lü Z X,Qing C.2001. Geological factors affecting reservoir permeability of the Upper Shaximiao Formation in the Xinchang gas field,western Sichuan. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 21(2): 58-63] [8] 马鹏杰,林承焰,张世奇,董春梅,魏孟吉. 2017. 碎屑岩储集层中绿泥石包膜的研究现状. 古地理学报, 19(1): 148-158. [Ma P J,Lin C Y,Zhang S Q,Dong C M,Wei M J.2017. An overview on study of chlorite films in clastic reservoirs. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 19(1): 148-158] [9] 毛凤鸣,侯建国. 2001. 盐城凹陷朱家墩地区天然气储集层特征. 西安石油学院学报(自然科学版), 16(1): 8-15. [Mao F M,Hou J G.2001. Gas reservoir characteristics in Zhujiadun Area of Yancheng Depression. Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute(Natural Science Edition), 16(1): 8-15] [10] 孟元林,张磊,陶士振,李国会,李新宁,代天骄,陈国松. 2020. 碎屑岩成岩阶段细分与应用: 以松辽盆地齐家—古龙地区为例. 中国矿业大学学报, 49(5): 920-930. [Meng Y L,Zhang L,Tao S Z,Li G H,Li X N,Dai T J,Chen G S.2020. The subsection of diagenetic stages in clastic rocks and applications: a case study of Qijia-Gulong area of Songliao Basin. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 49(5): 920-930] [11] 单祥,郭华军,郭旭光,徐洋,曹元婷,李亚哲,王力宝. 2019. 准噶尔盆地中拐地区上乌尔禾组储集层绿泥石膜成因及其对储集层物性的影响. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 43(6): 33-40. [Shan X,Guo H J,Guo X G,Xu Y,Cao Y T,Li Y Z,Wang L B.2019. Genesis of chlorite coatings and their effects on reservoir quality in Upper Urho Formation of Zhongguai area,Junggar Basin. Journal of China University of Petroleum,43(6): 33-40] [12] 孙治雷,黄思静,张玉修,王庆东,包申旭,孙致学. 2008. 四川盆地须家河组砂岩储集层中自生绿泥石的来源与成岩演化. 沉积学报, 26(3): 459-468. [Sun Z L,Huang S J,Zhang Y X,Wang Q D,Bao S X,Sun Z X.2008. Origin and diagenesis of authigenic chlorite within the sandstone reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin,China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 26(3): 459-468] [13] 宋丽红,朱如凯,朱德升,隋少强,周川闽. 2011. 黏土矿物对广安须家河组致密砂岩物性影响. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 33(2): 73-78. [Song L H,Zhu R K,Zhu D S,Sui S Q,Zhou C M.2011. Influence of clay minerals on physical properties of tight sandstone of Xujiahe Formation in Guang’an. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 33(2): 73-78] [14] 田建锋,陈振林,凡元芳,李平平,宋立军. 2008a. 砂岩中自生绿泥石的产状、形成机制及其分布规律. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 27(2): 200-206. [Tian J F,Chen Z L,Fan Y F,Li P P,Song L J.2008a. The occurrence,growth mechanism and distribution of authigenic chlorite in sandstone. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 27(2): 200-206] [15] 田建锋,陈振林,杨友运. 2008b. 自生绿泥石对砂岩储集层孔隙的保护机理. 地质科技情报, 27(4): 49-54. [Tian J F,Chen Z L,Yang Y Y.2008b. Protection mechanism of authigenic chlorite on sandstone reservoir pores. Geological Science and Technology Information, 27(4): 49-54] [16] 田建锋,喻建,张庆洲. 2014. 孔隙衬里绿泥石的成因及对储集层性能的影响. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 44(3): 741-748. [Tian J F,Yu J,Zhang Q Z.2014. The pore-lining chlorite formation mechanism and its contribution to reservoir quality. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 44(3): 741-748] [17] 王芙蓉,何生,何治亮,张福顺. 2007. 准噶尔盆地腹部永进地区深埋侏罗系砂岩内绿泥石包膜对储层物性的影响. 大庆石油学院学报, 31(2): 24-27. [Wang F R,He S,He Z L,Zhang F S.2007. Effect of gain-coating chlorite on reservoir property of Yongjin area in the centre of Junggar Basin. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 31(2): 24-27] [18] 谢武仁,杨威,赵杏媛,魏国齐,谢增业,金惠,陈刚. 2010. 川中地区须家河组绿泥石对储集层物性影响. 石油勘探与开发, 37(6): 674-679. [Xie W R,Yang W,Zhao X Y,Wei G Q,Xie Z Y,Jin H,Chen G.2010. Influences of chlorite on reservoir physical properties of the Xujiahe Formation in the central part of Sichuan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 37(6): 674-679] [19] 许月明,袁丙龙,张辉,叶青,郇金来. 2020. 北部湾盆地涠洲12-X油田涠洲组三段储层物性特征与影响因素. 东北石油大学学报, 44(3): 46-56. [Xu Y M,Yuan B L,Zhang H,Ye Q,Huang J L.2020. Reservoir physical characteristics and influencing factors of the third member of Weizhou Formation in Weizhou 12-X oilfield,Beibu Gulf Basin. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 44(3): 46-56] [20] 杨永彪,王振. 1996. 牛居油田牛12断块东营组储层特征. 西安石油学院学报, 11(4): 11-16. [Yang Y B,Wang Z.1996. The forming conditions and characters of Palaeokarst. Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute Industry, 11(4): 11-16] [21] 姚泾利,王琪,张瑞,李树同. 2011. 鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长6砂岩绿泥石膜的形成机理及其环境指示意义. 沉积学报, 29(1): 72-79. [Yao J L,Wang Q,Zhang R,Li S T.2010. Forming mechanism and their environmental implications of chlorite-coatings in Chang 6 sandstone(Upper Triassic)of Hua-Qing Area,Ordos Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 29(1): 72-79] [22] 远光辉,操应长,贾珍臻,王艳忠,杨田. 2015. 含油气盆地中深层碎屑岩储层异常高孔带研究进展. 天然气地球科学, 26(1): 29-42. [Yuan G H,Cao Y C,Jia Z Z,Wang Y Y,Yang T.2015. Research progresss on anomalously high porosity zones in deeply buried classtic reservoirs in petroliferous Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 26(1): 29-42] [23] 钟广法,林社卿,侯方浩. 1996. 泌阳凹陷核三下亚段砂岩成岩作用及储集性. 矿物岩石, 15(2): 40-46. [Zhong G F,Lin S Q,Hou F H.1996. Diagenesis and its reservoir quality for sandstones of lower He-3 Member(Paleogene)East Biyang Depression,Henan,China. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 15(2): 40-46] [24] 周晓峰,李书恒,于均民,温德顺. 2019. 砂岩中绿泥石膜形貌和组成的成岩过程响应: 以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长8砂岩为例. 地质科技情报, 38(2): 111-116. [Zhou X F,Li S H,Yu J M,Wen D S.2019. Diagenesis process responses of morphologies and chemical compositions of chlorite rims in sandstones: a case from chang 8 sandstone,Longdong Area,Ordos Basin. Geological Science and Technology Information, 38(2): 111-116] [25] 赵澄林,胡爱梅,陈碧钰,梁官忠. 1997. 中华人民共和国石油与天然气行业标准(SY/T6285-1997). 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1-16. [Zhao C L,Hu A M,Chen B Y,Liang G Z.1997. Oil and Gas Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China(SY/T6285-1997). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1-16] [26] Ajdukiewicz J M,Larese R E.2012. How clay grain coats inhibit quartz cement and preserve porosity in deeply buried sandstones: observations and experiments. AAPG Bulletin, 96(11): 2091-2119. [27] Anjos S M,De Ros L F,Silva C M. 2003. Chlorite authigenesis and porosity preservation in the Upper Cretaceous marine sandstones of the Santos Basin,offshore eastern Brazil. In: Worden R H,MoradS(eds). Clay Mineral Cements in Sandstones. International Associa-tion of Sedimentology Special Publication, 34(1): 291-316. [28] Al-Shaieb Z,Hanson R E,Nowell D,Shelton J W.1980. Petrology and diagenesis of sandstones in the Post Oak Formation(Permian),southwestern Oklahoma. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,50: 43-50. [29] Bahlis A B,De Ros L F.2013. Origin and impact of authigenic chlorite in the Upper Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs of the Santos Basin,eastern Brazil. Petroleum Geoscience, 19(2): 185-199. [30] Baker J C,Havord P J,Martin K R,Ghori A R.2000. Diagenesis and petrophysics of the Early Permian Moogooloo sandstone,southern Carnarvon basin,western Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 84(2): 250-265. [31] Berger A,Gier S,Krois P.2009. Porosity-preserving chlorite cements in shallow-marine volcaniclastic sandstones: evidence from Cretaceous sandstones of the Sawan gas field,Pakistan.AAPG Bulletin, 93(5): 595-615. [32] Billault V,Beaufort D,Baronnet A,Lacharpagne J C.2003. A nanopetrographic and textural study of grain-coating chlorites in sandstone reservoirs. Clay Minerals, 38(3): 315-328. [33] Bloch S,Lander R H,Bonnell L.2002. Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs: origin and predictability. AAPG Bulletin, 86(2): 301-328. [34] Boles J R,Franks S G.1979. Clay diagenesis in Wilcox sandstones of southwest Texas: implications of smectitediagenesis on sandstone cementation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 49: 55-70. [35] Dowey P J,Hodgson D M,Worden R H.2012. Pre-requisites,processes,and prediction of chlorite grain coatings in petroleum reservoirs: a review of subsurface examples. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 32(1): 63-75. [36] Ehrenberg S N.1993. Preservation of anomalously high porosity in deeply buried sandstones by grain-coating chlorite: examples from the Nor-wegian continental shelf. AAPG Bulletin, 77(7): 1260-1286. [37] Friis H,Molenaar N,Varming T.2014. Chlorite meniscus cement-implications for diagenetic mineral growth after oil emplacement. Terra Nova,26(1): 14-21. [38] Grigsby J D.2001. Origin and growth mechanism of authigenic chlorite in sandstones of the lower Vicksburg Formation,south Texas. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71(1): 27-36. [39] Hillier S,Fallick A E,Matter A.1996. Origin of pore-lining chlorite in the aeolianRotliegend of northern Germany. Clay Minerals, 31(2): 153-171. [40] Hillier S,Velde B.1992. Chlorite interstratified with a 7-A Mineral: an example from offshore Norway and possible implications for the interpretation of the composition of diagenetic chlorites. Clay Minerals, 27: 475-486. [41] Jeffery D G.2001. Origin and growth mechanism of authigenic chlorite in sandstones of the lower Vicksburg formation,South Texas. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71(1): 27-36. [42] Morad S,Aldahan A A.1987. Diagenetic chloritization of feldspars in sandstones. Sedimentary Geology, 51(1): 155-164. [43] Morad S.1984. Diagenetic matrix in Proterozoic greywackes from Sweden. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54: 1157-1168. [44] Peng J,Liu J K,Wang Y,Liu J F.2009. Origin and controlling factors of chlorite coatings: an example from the reservoir of T3x Group of the Baojie area,Sichuan Basin,China. Petroleum Science, 6(4): 376-382. [45] Pittman E D,Larese R E,Heald M T.1992. Clay coats: occurrence and relevance to preservation of porosity in sandstones. In: Houseknecht D W,Pittman E D(eds). Origin,Diagenesis,and Petrophysics of Clay Minerals in Sandstones. SEPM Special Publication, 47: 241-264. [46] Ryan P C,Reynolds R C.1996. The origin and diagenesis of grain-coating serpentine-chlorite in Tuscaloosa Formation sandstone,US Gulf Coast. American Mineralogist, 81(1): 213-225. [47] Salem A M,Ketzer J M,Morad S, Rizk R R, Al-Aasm I S.2005. Diagenesis and reservoir-quality evolution of incised-valley sandstones: evidence from the Abu Madi gas reservoirs(Upper Miocene),The Nile Delta Basin,Egypt. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 75(4): 572-584. [48] Walker T R,Waugh B,Grone A J.1978. Diagenesis in first-cycle desert alluvium of Cenozoic age southwestern United States and northeastern Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 89: 19-32. [49] Yang X F,Wang X Z,Zhang S N,Tang H,Zeng D M,Xie L.2014. Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of oil sand in Houba area,northwestern Sichuan Basin,China. Arabian Journal of Geo-sciences, 7(6): 2119-2128.
