Abstract Dolostones in Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the Sichuan Basin contain abundant natural gas resources but their origins are controversial for years. The dolostones are present in the lower- to middle-parts of the Member 3 of Maokou Formation, with thickness ranging from 3.0 to 46.8 m. The lateral distribution of Maokou dolostone extends as a NW-SE belt along a basement fault system. Field and drilling core observations show that the dolostones contain numerous tension fractures,fully-or partly-filled by coarse dolomite and calcite as veins,sometimes presenting a breccia structure. Four textural constituents are identified under the microscope: (Ⅰ)Silt-to-fine crystalline scattered euhedral dolomite floating in lime mud matrix; (Ⅱ)Fine crystalline planar-s dolomite(mostly subhedral crystals packed as a mosaic texture); (Ⅲ)Fine-to-coarse crystalline planar-e dolomite with “cloudy center”and “clear rim”(sucrose texture with high intergranular porosity); (Ⅳ)Coarse saddle dolomite in veins. BSE(Backscattered Electron)images confirmed that there are lots of micropores and tiny calcite residuals on crystal surface of “cloudy center”dolomite,while type Ⅲ “clear rim”dolomite and type IV dolomite in veins reveal clean and smooth crystal face without micropores,indicating an origin of authigene during dolomitization. All the four types of dolomite show similar features of rich in calcium,poor in iron,manganese and strontium,but their content of MgO varies differently. MgO(%)of type I and type II dolomite is always lower than that of stoichiometry dolomite,however,MgO(%)in type Ⅲ and type IV dolomite is close to or even higher than the stoichiometry. Lithological,mineralogical and geochemical features indicate two episodes of dolomitization for the formation of Maokou dolostones. Type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ “cloudy center”dolomite were formed during the first episode of dolomitization;and type Ⅲ “clear rim”and type Ⅳ vein dolomite were authigenic during the second episode of dolomitization. Both episodes of dolomitizations started very early,possibly from synsedimentary to shallow burial period. In situ analyses on strontium isotopes and rare-earth elements suggest that both dolomitizations were related to the activities of Emeishan mantle plum eruptions. The dolomitic fluids were featured by mixing sources from both magmatic related hydrothermal fluid and Ca-bearing underground water. The tension fractures were proved to be effective channels for fluids mixing and migrating to the surrounding sediments.
Fund:Co-funded by the Sinopec Major Science and Technology Project(No. P16082)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41272115,41572086)
Corresponding Authors:
LI Hong,born in 1975,doctor,associate professor,is mainly engaged in teaching and research of sedimentology. E-mail: lihong2008@nwu.edu.cn.
About author: WANG liangjun,born in 1972,senior engineer,is mainly engaged in oil and gas geological research and exploration target evaluation. E-mail: wljaa163@163.com.
Cite this article:
WANG Liangjun,LI Hong,ZENG Tao et al. Origins of dolostones of the Maokou Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin: evidence from lithology,mineralogy,and geochemistry[J]. JOPC, 2022, 24(5): 989-1016.
WANG Liangjun,LI Hong,ZENG Tao et al. Origins of dolostones of the Maokou Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin: evidence from lithology,mineralogy,and geochemistry[J]. JOPC, 2022, 24(5): 989-1016.
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