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| Ecological stability of late Maastrichtian benthic foraminifera amidst Deccan volcanism |
| Subham Patraa, Kebenle Kesena, Gerta Kellerb, Thierry Adattec, Jahnavi Punekara,* |
aDepartment of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 India;
bPrinceton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
cInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Abstract The late Maastrichtian witnessed profound disruptions in biogeochemical cycles, leading to the fifth mass extinction at the Cretaceous—Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary. At Bidart section (France), the final ~60 kyr of the Maastrichtian coincide with mercury (Hg) peaks, low magnetic susceptibility, evidence of biological stress and taphonomic alteration in planktic foraminifera, indicative of an ocean acidification event. While this event primarily appears to be a surface—ocean phenomenon, previous studies also documented a minor rise in benthic foraminiferal test fragmentation beginning 0.5 m below the K/Pg boundary, with a pronounced spike at the boundary itself.
A detailed investigation of benthic foraminifera in biozone CF1 at Bidart section (France) reveals a diverse and balanced assemblage preceding the K/Pg boundary, with minimal taphonomic alterations. At the K/Pg boundary, infaunal populations diminished, diversity declined sharply, test fragmentation intensified, yet paradoxically, the absolute abundance of genera rose markedly. Preferential preservation is evident in the dominance of robust taxa (Cibicidoides spp., Coryphostoma spp.), while a high fragmentation index reflects strong taphonomic dissolution and time—averaging. A plausible explanation for this could be CO?—rich waters mixing into the ocean interior over 100—1,000 years, driving dissolution during the ~10,000—year deposition of the K/Pg boundary red clay. The stark contrast between the planktic and benthic census and morphometric data at Bidart section clearly constrains any Deccan—related calcification stress to the surface mixed layer. Lastly, the integrated planktic and benthic considerations re—emphasize a need to carefully separate taphonomic signals from true ecological stress.
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Received: 20 June 2025
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Corresponding Authors:
*E—mail address: jpunekar@iitb.ac.in (J. Punekar).
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2026, Vol. 15 
