SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages from coal beds across the Permian-Triassic boundary, eastern Yunnan, southwestern China
Juan Wanga,b, Long-Yi Shaoa, Hao Wanga, Baruch Spiroc, David Larged
a State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safety Mining, and Department of Resources and Earth Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
b Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, China;
c Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;
d Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
The first SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dates from coal beds close to the end-Permian mass extinction are reported from the C1 coal seam in the Yantang Mine in Laibin Town, Xuanwei County, eastern Yunnan Province. Zircons were extracted from kaolinite claystone layers, defined as tonsteins (volcanic ash deposits), in the sub-seam B1 and B3 of the coal seam C1. The U-Pb ages are 252.0±2.3 Ma and 250.3±2.1 Ma for the sub-seam B1 and B3, respectively. Within analytical uncertainties, these U-Pb ages include the time period of the onset of the mass extinction at 251.941±0.037 Ma, which was obtained from the marine Meishan section in Zhejiang Province, ~1600 km away from the Yantang Mine. These new ages represent not only the first and closest ages to the PTB mass extinction in terrestrial coal beds, but also ages from the nearest site to the Emeishan volcanoes investigated so far. Therefore these new dates provide the most accurate stratigraphic horizon of terrestrial facies of the end-Permian extinction in South China. The Emeishan volcanoes were likely the source of volcanic ash in the coal seams at the Xuanwei County and broader areas in South China. Furthermore, the minerals and geochemistry characteristics of the C1 coal seam also implied the influences of contemporaneous volcanic activities.
Hart M.B., Joshi A., Watkinson M.P., 2001. Mid-Late Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Cauvery Basin and the development of the eastern Indian Ocean. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 58(3), 217-229.
[26]
Leeder M.R., Gawthorpe R.L., 1987. Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins.Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28, 139-152.
[29]
Mastrogiacomo G., Moretti M., Owen G., Spalluto L., 2012. Tectonic triggering of slump sheets in the Upper Cretaceous carbonate succession of the Porto Selvaggio area (Salento peninsula, southern Italy): Synsedimentary tectonics in the Apulian Carbonate Platform. Sedimentary Geology, 269-270, 15-27.
[12]
Lijmbach G.W.M., Toxopeaus J.M.A., Rodenburg T., Hermans L.J.P.C.M., 1992.Geochemical study of crude oils and source rocks in onshore Abu Dhabi. 5th Abu Dhabi Petroleum Conference (ADIPEC), 395-422.
[1]
Allen J.R.L.,1982. Sedimentary Structures: Their Character and Physical Basis, Volume 1. Developments in Sedimentology, Volume 30A. Elsevier Science, 592 pp.
[22]
Govindan A., Ananthanarayanan S., Vijayalakshmi K.G., 2000. Cretaceous petroleum system in Cauvery Basin, India. In: Govindan, A. (Ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy — An Update. Memoirs of the Geological Society of India, 46, pp. 365-382.
[2]
Alsop G.I., Marco S., Levi T., Weinberger R., 2017. Fold and thrust systems in mass transport deposits.Journal of Structural Geology, 94, 98-115.
[23]
Grotzinger J.P.,1986. Evolution of Early Proterozoic passive-margin carbonate platform, Rocknest Formation, Wopmay Orogen, Northwest Territories, Canada.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56(6), 831-847.
[42]
Pechlivanidou S., Vouvalidis K., Løvlie R., Nesje A., Albanakis K., Pennos C., Syrides G., Cowie P., Gawthorpe R., 2014. A multi-proxy approach to reconstructing sedimentary environments from the Sperchios delta, Greece.The Holocene, 24(12), 1825-1839.
[24]
Hancock J.M., Kauffman E.G., 1979. The great transgressions of the Late Cretaceous.Journal of the Geological Society, 136(2), 175-186.
[43]
Pirazzoli P.A.,1996. Sea-Level Changes: The Last 20,000 Years (Coastal Morphology and Research). Wiley, New York, 207 pp.
[30]
Mishra P.K., Rajnikanth A., Jauhri A.K., Kishore S., Singh S.K., 2004. Albian limestone building algae of Cauvery Basin, South India. Current Science, 87(11), 1516-1518.
[25]
Hart M.B., Joshi A., Watkinson M.P., 2001. Mid-Late Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Cauvery Basin and the development of the eastern Indian Ocean. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 58(3), 217-229.
[3]
Banerjee S., Bansal U., Pande K., Meena S.S., 2016. Compositional variability of glauconites within the Upper Cretaceous Karai Shale Formation, Cauvery Basin, India: Implications for evaluation of stratigraphic condensation.Sedimentary Geology, 331, 12-29.
[44]
Poulos S., Leontaris S., Collins M.B., 1997. Sedimentological and clay mineralogical investigations in Maliakos Gulf, eastern Greece.Bollettino Di Geofisica Teorica Ed Applicata, 38(3-4), 267-279.
[26]
Leeder M.R., Gawthorpe R.L., 1987. Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins.Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28, 139-152.
[27]
Mandal A., Koner A., Sarkar S., Tawfik H.A., Chakraborty N., Bhakta S., Bose P.K., 2016. Physico-chemical tuning of palaeogeographic shifts: Bhuj Formation, Kutch, India.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 78, 474-492.
[13]
Magoon L.B., Dow W.G., 1994, The Petroleum System. In: Magoon, L.B.,and Dow, W.G., (Eds.). The petroleum system—From source to trap. AAPG Memoir, 60, 3-24.
[4]
Banerji R.K., Ramasamy S., Malini C.S., Singh D., 1996. Uttatur Group redefined.Memoirs of the Geological Society of India, 37, 213-229.
[5]
Basilone L.,2009. Mesozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of Rocca Busambra in western Sicily.Facies, 55(1), 115-135.
[6]
Basilone L.,2017. Seismogenic rotational slumps and translational glides in pelagic deep-water carbonates. Upper Tithonian-Berriasian of Southern Tethyan margin (W Sicily, Italy).Sedimentary Geology, 356, 1-14.
[28]
Mariotti G., Corda L., Brandano M., Civitelli G., 2002. Indicators of paleoseismicity in the Lower to Middle Miocene Guadagnolo Formation, central Apennines, Italy.GSA Special Papers, 359, 87-98.
[45]
Prescott J.R., Hutton J.T., 1988. Cosmic ray and gamma ray dosimetry for TL and ESR.International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 14, 223-227.
[7]
Basilone L., Lena G., Gasparo-Morticelli M., 2014. Synsedimentary-tectonic, soft-sediment deformation and volcanism in the rifted Tethyan margin from the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic deep-water carbonates in Central Sicily.Sedimentary Geology, 308, 63-79.
[46]
Prescott J.R., Hutton J.T., 1994. Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: Large depths and long-term time variations.Radiation Measurements, 23, 497-500.
[8]
Basilone L., Sulli A., 2016. A facies distribution model controlled by a tectonically inherited sea bottom topography in the carbonate rimmed shelf of the upper Tithonian-Valanginian southern Tethyan continental margin (NW Sicily, Italy).Sedimentary Geology, 342, 91-105.
[29]
Mastrogiacomo G., Moretti M., Owen G., Spalluto L., 2012. Tectonic triggering of slump sheets in the Upper Cretaceous carbonate succession of the Porto Selvaggio area (Salento peninsula, southern Italy): Synsedimentary tectonics in the Apulian Carbonate Platform. Sedimentary Geology, 269-270, 15-27.
[47]
Prescott J.R., Stephan L.G., 1982. The contribution of cosmic radiation to the environmental dose for thermoluminescent dating. Latitude, altitude and depth dependences.Council of Europe Journal PACT, 6, 17-25.
[27]
Mandal A., Koner A., Sarkar S., Tawfik H.A., Chakraborty N., Bhakta S., Bose P.K., 2016. Physico-chemical tuning of palaeogeographic shifts: Bhuj Formation, Kutch, India.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 78, 474-492.
[9]
Basilone L., Sulli A., Gasparo Morticelli M., 2016. The relationships between soft-sediment deformation structures and synsedimentary extensional tectonics in Upper Triassic deep-water carbonate succession (Southern Tethyan rifted continental margin — Central Sicily).Sedimentary Geology, 344, 310-322.
[10]
Bose P.K., Banerjee S., Sarkar S., 1997. Slope-controlled seismic deformation and tectonic framework of deposition: Koldaha Shale, India.Tectonophysics, 269(1-2), 151-169.
[28]
Mariotti G., Corda L., Brandano M., Civitelli G., 2002. Indicators of paleoseismicity in the Lower to Middle Miocene Guadagnolo Formation, central Apennines, Italy.GSA Special Papers, 359, 87-98.
[11]
Bose P.K., Sarkar S., 1991. Basinal autoclastic mass flow regime in the Precambrian Chanda Limestone Formation, Adilabad, India.Sedimentary Geology, 73(3-4), 299-315.
[30]
Mishra P.K., Rajnikanth A., Jauhri A.K., Kishore S., Singh S.K., 2004. Albian limestone building algae of Cauvery Basin, South India. Current Science, 87(11), 1516-1518.
[23]
Kuzminsky E., Angelis P.D., Jaoudé R.A., Abbruzzese G., Terzoli S., Angelaccio C., Giovanbattista D.D., Monteverdi M.C., Valentini R., 2014. Biodiversity of ItalianTamarix spp. populations: Their potential as environmental and productive resources. Rendiconti Lincei, 25, 439-452.
[31]
Nagendra R., Kamalak Kannan B.V., Sen G., Gilbert H., Bakkiaraj D., Reddy A.N., Jaiprakash B.C., 2011. Sequence surfaces and paleobathymetric trends in Albian to Maastrichtian sediments of Ariyalur area, Cauvery Basin, India.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 28, 895-905.
[24]
Ledebour C.F., Meyer C.A., Bunge A., 1829. Flora Altaica 1. Berlin, pp. 421-426.
[32]
Nagendra R., Nallapa Reddy A., 2017. Major geologic events of the Cauvery Basin, India and their correlation with global signatures — A review.Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(1), 69-83.
Mastrogiacomo G., Moretti M., Owen G., Spalluto L., 2012. Tectonic triggering of slump sheets in the Upper Cretaceous carbonate succession of the Porto Selvaggio area (Salento peninsula, southern Italy): Synsedimentary tectonics in the Apulian Carbonate Platform. Sedimentary Geology, 269-270, 15-27.
[13]
Bosence D., Cross N., Hardy S., 1998. Architecture and depositional sequences of Tertiary fault-block carbonate platforms: An analysis from outcrop (Miocene, Gulf of Suez) and computer modelling.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 15(3), 203-221.
[14]
Magoon L.B., Beaumont E. A., 1999.Chapter 3, Petroleum Systems. In: Beaumont, E. A., and Foster, N. H.,(Eds.). Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps, Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Handbook of Petroleum Geology. AAPG, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. 3-1 to 3-34.
[14]
Burchette T.P.,1988. Tectonic control on carbonate platform facies distribution and sequence development: Miocene, Gulf of Suez.Sedimentary Geology, 59(3-4), 179-204.
Chakraborty N.,2016. Barremian-Coniacian sediments and sequence building in the Pondicherry Sub-Basin of Cauvery Basin, India [PhD thesis]. Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 207 pp.
[33]
Narasimha Chari M.V., Sahu J.N., Banerjee B., Zutshi P.L., Chandra K., 1995. Evolution of the Cauvery basin, India from subsidence modelling.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 12(6), 667-675.
[48]
Preusser F., Degering D., Fuchs M., Hilgers A., Kadereit A., Klasen N., Krbetschek M., Richter D., Spencer J.Q.G., 2008. Luminescence dating: Basics, methods and applications.Journal of Quaternary Science, 57, 95-149.
[34]
Owen G., Moretti M., Alfaro P., 2011. Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation: Current understanding and future directions. Sedimentary Geology, 235(3-4SI), 133-140.
[30]
Mishra P.K., Rajnikanth A., Jauhri A.K., Kishore S., Singh S.K., 2004. Albian limestone building algae of Cauvery Basin, South India. Current Science, 87(11), 1516-1518.
[49]
Rendell H.M., Webster S.E., Sheffer N.L., 1994. Underwater bleaching of signals from sediment grains: New experimental data.Quaternary Science Reviews, 13, 433-435.
[50]
Rittenour T.,2008. Luminescence dating of fluvial deposits: Applications to geomorphic, palaeoseismic and archaeological research.Boreas, 37, 613-635.
[25]
Li Q., Yu L.J., Deng Y., Li W., Li M.T., Cao J.H., 2007. Leaf epidermal characters ofLonicera japonica and L. confusa and their ecology adaptation. Journal of Forestry research, 18, 103-108 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]
Chakraborty N., Sarkar S., Mandal A., Choudhuri A., Mandal S., 2018. Indigenous siliciclastic and extraneous polygenetic carbonate facies in the Albian-Turonian Karai Shale, Cauvery Basin, India. Carbonates and Evaporates, published online, DOI : 10.1007/s13146-018-0419-0.
[31]
Nagendra R., Kamalak Kannan B.V., Sen G., Gilbert H., Bakkiaraj D., Reddy A.N., Jaiprakash B.C., 2011. Sequence surfaces and paleobathymetric trends in Albian to Maastrichtian sediments of Ariyalur area, Cauvery Basin, India.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 28, 895-905.
[32]
Nagendra R., Nallapa Reddy A., 2017. Major geologic events of the Cauvery Basin, India and their correlation with global signatures — A review.Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(1), 69-83.
[35]
Peucat J.J., Jayananda M., Chardon D., Capdevilla R., Fanning C.M., Paquette J.L., 2013. The lower crust of the Dharwar Craton, Southern India: Patchwork of Archean granulitic domains.Precambrian Research, 227, 4-28.
[51]
Roberts R.G., Galbraith R.F., Olley J.M., Yoshida H., Laslett G.M., 1999. Optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz from Jinmium rock shelter, northern Australia: Part II, results and implications.Archaeometry, 41, 365-395.
[33]
Narasimha Chari M.V., Sahu J.N., Banerjee B., Zutshi P.L., Chandra K., 1995. Evolution of the Cauvery basin, India from subsidence modelling.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 12(6), 667-675.
[16]
O'Donnell, G.E, Daly, C.B., Mount, V.S.,Krantz, R.W.1995.Seismic modeling over the Margham Field, Dubai, U.A.E. In: Husseini, M.I. (Ed.). Middle East Petroleum Geosciences Geo'94, Gulf Petrolink, Bahrain, v.2, 737-747.
[34]
Owen G., Moretti M., Alfaro P., 2011. Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation: Current understanding and future directions. Sedimentary Geology, 235(3-4SI), 133-140.
[52]
Rodnight H., Duller G.A.T., Wintle A.G., Tooth S., 2006. Assessing the reproducibility and accuracy of optical dating of fluvial deposits.Quaternary Geochronology, 1, 109-120.
[31]
Nagendra R., Kamalak Kannan B.V., Sen G., Gilbert H., Bakkiaraj D., Reddy A.N., Jaiprakash B.C., 2011. Sequence surfaces and paleobathymetric trends in Albian to Maastrichtian sediments of Ariyalur area, Cauvery Basin, India.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 28, 895-905.
[32]
Nagendra R., Nallapa Reddy A., 2017. Major geologic events of the Cauvery Basin, India and their correlation with global signatures — A review.Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(1), 69-83.
[17]
Peterson J. A., Wilson J. L., 1986. Petroleum stratigraphy of the northeast Africa-Middle East region. Symposium on the hydrocarbon potential of the intense thrust zone, OAPEC, Kuwait, and Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, U.A.E. AbuDhabi, 14-18 December 1986, 227-330.
[36]
Porten K.W., Kane I.A., Warchoł M.J., Southern S.J., 2016. A sedimentological process-based approach to depositional reservoir quality of deep-marine sandstones: An example from the Springar Formation, northwestern Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Research, 86(11), 1269-1286.
[18]
Sharland P.R., Archer T., Casey D.M., others,2001. Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy. GeoArabia Special Publication 2, Gulf Petrolink, Bahrain. 1-371.
[35]
Peucat J.J., Jayananda M., Chardon D., Capdevilla R., Fanning C.M., Paquette J.L., 2013. The lower crust of the Dharwar Craton, Southern India: Patchwork of Archean granulitic domains.Precambrian Research, 227, 4-28.
[53]
Somoza L., Barnolas A., Arasa A., Maestro A., Rees J.G., Hernandez-Molina F.J., 1998. Architectural stacking patterns of the Ebro delta controlled by Holocene high frequency eustatic fluctuations, delta-lobe switching and subsidence processes.Sedimentary Geology, 117, 11-32.
[37]
Powell C.M., Roots S.R., Veevers J.J., 1988. Pre-breakup continental extension in East Gondwanaland and the early opening of the eastern Indian Ocean.Tectonophysics, 155, 261-283.
[54]
Stanley D.J., Warne A., 1994. Worldwide initiation of Holocene marine deltas by deceleration of sea level rise.Science, 265, 228-231.
[33]
Narasimha Chari M.V., Sahu J.N., Banerjee B., Zutshi P.L., Chandra K., 1995. Evolution of the Cauvery basin, India from subsidence modelling.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 12(6), 667-675.
[34]
Owen G., Moretti M., Alfaro P., 2011. Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation: Current understanding and future directions. Sedimentary Geology, 235(3-4SI), 133-140.
[38]
Ramkumar M., Stüben D., Berner Z., 2003. Lithostratigraphy, depositional history and sea level changes of the Cauvery Basin, southern India.Annales Géologiques de la Péninsule Balkanique, 65, 1-27.
[55]
Stokes S., Bray H.E., Blum M.D., 2001. Optical resetting in large drainage basins: Tests of zeroing assumptions using single-aliquot procedures.Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 879-885.
[56]
Styllas M.,2014. A simple approach for defining Holocene sequence stratigraphy using borehole and cone penetration test data.Sedimentology, 61, 444-460.
[26]
Li Z.H., Chen J., Zhao G.F., Guo Y.P., Kou Y.X., Ma Y.Z., Wang G., Ma X.F., 2012. Response of a desert shrub to past geological and climate change: A phylogeographic study ofReaumuria soongarica(Tamaricaceae) in western China. Journal of Systematics Evolution, 50, 351-361.
[27]
Liu M.T.,1994. Species and its distribution ofTamarix L. from China. Xinjiang Forest Research, 1, 31-34 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[36]
Porten K.W., Kane I.A., Warcho? M.J., Southern S.J., 2016. A sedimentological process-based approach to depositional reservoir quality of deep-marine sandstones: An example from the Springar Formation, northwestern Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Research, 86(11), 1269-1286.
[35]
Peucat J.J., Jayananda M., Chardon D., Capdevilla R., Fanning C.M., Paquette J.L., 2013. The lower crust of the Dharwar Craton, Southern India: Patchwork of Archean granulitic domains.Precambrian Research, 227, 4-28.
[37]
Powell C.M., Roots S.R., Veevers J.J., 1988. Pre-breakup continental extension in East Gondwanaland and the early opening of the eastern Indian Ocean.Tectonophysics, 155, 261-283.
[28]
Liu M.T., Liu D.X., Liu Q.H., 2012. Atlas of Comprehensive Research on the Genus Tamarix L. from China. Urumqi, Xinjiang Science and Technology Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
[38]
Ramkumar M., Stüben D., Berner Z., 2003. Lithostratigraphy, depositional history and sea level changes of the Cauvery Basin, southern India.Annales Géologiques de la Péninsule Balkanique, 65, 1-27.
[29]
Loureiro J.D.,1790. Flora Cochinchinensis: Sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes. Quibus accedunt aliae observatae in Senensi imperio, Africa orientalis, Indiaeque locis variis. Tomus I. Lisbon, Academia Real das Sciencias.
[19]
Tao C. Z., Bai G. P., Liu J. L., Deng C., Lu X. X., Liu H. W.,Wang D. P., Mesozoic lithofacies palaeogeography and petroleum prospectivity in North Carnarvon Basin, Australia.Journal of Palaeogeography, 2(1), 81-92.
[20]
Ziegler M.A.,2001. Late Permian to Holocene Paleofacies evolution of the Arabian Plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences.GeoArabia, 6(3),445-504.
[30]
Monique D.L., Jean D., 1995. Inventory of Mesozoic and Cenozoic woods from Equatorial and North Equatorial Africa.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 84, 439-480.
[36]
Porten K.W., Kane I.A., Warcho? M.J., Southern S.J., 2016. A sedimentological process-based approach to depositional reservoir quality of deep-marine sandstones: An example from the Springar Formation, northwestern Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Research, 86(11), 1269-1286.
[57]
Theodorakopoulou K., Pavlopoulos K., Thriantaphyllou M., Kouli K., Tsourou T., Bassiakos Y., Zacharias N., Hayden B., 2009. Geoarchaeological studies in the coastal area of Istron-Kalo Chorio (Gulf of Mirabello-Eastern Crete): Landscape evolution and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 53, 55-70.
[37]
Powell C.M., Roots S.R., Veevers J.J., 1988. Pre-breakup continental extension in East Gondwanaland and the early opening of the eastern Indian Ocean.Tectonophysics, 155, 261-283.
[27]
Shen S.Z., Crowley J.L., Wang Y., Bowring S.A., Erwin D.H., Sadler P.M., Cao C.Q., Rothman D.H., Henderson C.M., Ramezani J., Zhang H., Shen Y.A., Wang X.D., Wang W., Mu L., Li W.Z., Tang Y.G., Liu X.L., Liu L.J., Zeng Y., Jiang Y.F., Jin Y.G., 2011. Calibrating the end-Permian mass extinction.Science, 334(6061), 1367-1372.
[38]
Ramkumar M., Stüben D., Berner Z., 2003. Lithostratigraphy, depositional history and sea level changes of the Cauvery Basin, southern India.Annales Géologiques de la Péninsule Balkanique, 65, 1-27.
[58]
Trauerstein M., Lowick S.E., Preusser F., Veit H., 2017. Testing the suitability of dim sedimentary quartz from northern Switzerland for OSL burial dose estimation.Geochronometria, 44, 66-76.
[28]
Song B., Zhang Y.H., Wan Y.S., Jian P., 2002. Mount making and procedure of the SHRIMP dating.Geological Review, 48(Supplement), 26-30 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[59]
Tsakalos E., Christodoulakis J., Charalambous L., 2016. The Dose Rate calculator (DRc) ? A Java application for dose rate and age determination based on luminescence and ESR dating.Archaeometry, 58, 347-352.
[31]
Pan B.R.,1998. The diversity of the Tamaricaceae in China and its conservation strategy. In: Chen, Y., (Ed.), Biological diversity and the future of human beings, proceeding of the second national symposium on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Beijing, Chinese Forestry Press, pp. 114-122 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]
Chakraborty N., Sarkar S., Mandal A., Mejiama W., Tawfik H.A., Nagendra R., Bose P.K., Eriksson P.G., 2017. Physico-chemical characteristics of the Barremian-Aptian siliciclastic rocks in the Pondicherry embryonic rift sub-basin, India. In: Mazumdar, R. (Ed.), Sediment Provenance: Influences on Compositional Change from Source to Sink, first edition. Elsevier, pp. 85-121.
[60]
Tziavos C.,1977. Sedimentology, ecology and paleogeography of the Sperchios valley and Maliakos gulf, Greece. Master Thesis, University of Delaware.
[32]
Sung Z.C.,1958. Tertiary spore and pollen complexes from the red beds of Chiuchuan, Kansu and their geological and botanical significance.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 6, 159-167 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[61]
Vouvalidis K., Syrides G., Albanakis K., 2005. Holocene morphology of the Thessaloniki Bay: Impact of sea level rise.Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 137, 147-158.
[18]
Chand S., Radhakrishna M., Subrahmanyam C., 2001. India-East Antarctica conjugate margins: Rift-shear tectonic setting inferred from gravity and bathymetry data.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 185(1-2), 225-236.
[19]
Davis G.H., Reynolds S.J., 1996. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, third edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 287 pp.
[20]
Gawthorpe R.L., Leeder M.R., 2000. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of active extensional basins.Basin Research, 12(3-4), 195-218.
[62]
Vouvalidis K., Syrides G., Pavlopoulos K., Papakonstantinou M., Tsourlos P., 2010b. Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in Agia Paraskevi prehistoric settlement, Lamia, central Greece.Quaternary International, 216, 64-74.
[21]
Ghosh J.G., de Wit M.J., Zartman R.E., 2004. Age and tectonic evolution of Neo-proterozoic ductile shear zones in the Southern Granulite Terrain of India, with implications for Gondwana studies.Tectonics, 23(TC3006), 1-38.
[33]
Villar J.L., Alonso M.A., Juan A., Gaskin J.F., Crespo M.B., 2014. Proposal to conserve the nameTamarix ramosissima against T. pentandra(Tamaricaceae). Taxon, 63, 1140-1141.
[63]
Vouvalidis K., Syrides G., Pavlopoulos K., Pechlivanidou S., Tsourlos P., Papakonstantinou M., 2010a. Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the battle terrain in Ancient Thermopylae, Greece.Geodinamica Acta, 23(5-6), 241-253.
[64]
Wallinga J.,2002. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of fluvial deposits: A review.Boreas, 31, 303-322.
[34]
Wang L.T., Yin L.K., 2004. Biodiversity and protection strategy of Tamaricaceae of Jungar Basin in Xinjiang.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 18, 139-145 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[65]
Wallinga J., Bos I.J., 2010. Optical dating of fluvio-deltaic clastic lake-fill sediments ? A feasibility study in the Holocene Rhine delta (western Netherlands).Quaternary Geochronology, 5, 602-610.
[22]
Govindan A., Ananthanarayanan S., Vijayalakshmi K.G., 2000. Cretaceous petroleum system in Cauvery Basin, India. In: Govindan, A. (Ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy — An Update. Memoirs of the Geological Society of India, 46, pp. 365-382.
[23]
Grotzinger J.P.,1986. Evolution of Early Proterozoic passive-margin carbonate platform, Rocknest Formation, Wopmay Orogen, Northwest Territories, Canada.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56(6), 831-847.
Wang Y.H., Lu L., Fritsch P.W., Wang H., Wang Y.H., Li D.Z., 2015. Leaf epidermal character variation and evolution in Gaultherieae (Ericaceae).Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 178, 686-710.
[24]
Hancock J.M., Kauffman E.G., 1979. The great transgressions of the Late Cretaceous.Journal of the Geological Society, 136(2), 175-186.
[67]
Wintle A.G., Murray A.S., 2006. A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevance in single aliquot regeneration dating protocols.Radiation Measurements, 41(4), 369-391.
[25]
Hart M.B., Joshi A., Watkinson M.P., 2001. Mid-Late Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Cauvery Basin and the development of the eastern Indian Ocean. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 58(3), 217-229.
[36]
Wei Y., Tan D.Y., Yin L.K., 1999. The discussions on the anatomical structure of leaf and its taxonomic relationship of Tamaricaceae in China. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 19, 113-118 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[37]
Xi Y.Z.,1988. Studies on pollen morphology of Tamaricaceae in China.Bulletin of Botanical Research, 8, 23-42 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]
Leeder M.R., Gawthorpe R.L., 1987. Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins.Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 28, 139-152.
[68]
Zacharias N., Bassiakos Y., Hayden B., Theodorakopoulou K., Michael C.T., 2009. Luminescence dating of deltaic deposits from Eastern Crete, Greece: Geoarchaeological implications.Geomorphology, 109, 46-53.
[39]
Rangaraju M.K., Agarwal A., Prabhakar K.N., 1993. Tectonostratigraphy, structural styles, evolutionary model and hydrocarbon prospects of Cauvery and Palar Basins. In: Biswas, S.K., Dave, A., Carg, P., Pandey, J., Maithani, A., Thomas, N.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second Seminar on Petroliferous Basins of India. Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehra Dun, pp. 371-388.
[40]
Santantonio M.,1993. Facies associations and evolution of pelagic carbonate platform/basin systems: Examples from the Italian Jurassic.Sedimentology, 40(6), 1039-1067.
[27]
Mandal A., Koner A., Sarkar S., Tawfik H.A., Chakraborty N., Bhakta S., Bose P.K., 2016. Physico-chemical tuning of palaeogeographic shifts: Bhuj Formation, Kutch, India.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 78, 474-492.
[28]
Mariotti G., Corda L., Brandano M., Civitelli G., 2002. Indicators of paleoseismicity in the Lower to Middle Miocene Guadagnolo Formation, central Apennines, Italy.GSA Special Papers, 359, 87-98.
[38]
Xun S.H., Qiao L.Q., Kang Z., He H.B., Chen J.X., 2007. Research progress on germplasm resource and propagation technology ofTamarix L. in China. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 35, 97-102 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]
Wang H., Shao L.Y., Hao L.M., Zhang P.F., Glasspool I.J., Wheeley J.R., Wignall P.B., Yi T.S., Zhang M.Q., Hilton J., 2011. Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lopingian (Late Permian) coal measures in southwestern China.International Journal of Coal Geology, 85(1), 168-183.
[41]
Sarkar S., Chakraborty N., Mandal A., Banerjee S., Bose P.K., 2014. Siliciclastic-carbonate mixing modes in the river-mouth bar palaeogeography of the Upper Cretaceous Garudamangalam Sandstone (Ariyalur, India).Journal of Palaeogeography, 3(3), 233-256.
[30]
Wang Y., Jin Y.G., 2000. Permian palaeogeographic evolution of the Jiangnan Basin, South China.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 160(1-2), 35-44.
[29]
Mastrogiacomo G., Moretti M., Owen G., Spalluto L., 2012. Tectonic triggering of slump sheets in the Upper Cretaceous carbonate succession of the Porto Selvaggio area (Salento peninsula, southern Italy): Synsedimentary tectonics in the Apulian Carbonate Platform. Sedimentary Geology, 269-270, 15-27.
[31]
Wu Y.B., Zheng Y.F., 2004. Mineralogical study on zircon genesis and its constraints on interpreting U-Pb age.Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(16), 1589-1604 (in Chinese).
[39]
Rangaraju M.K., Agarwal A., Prabhakar K.N., 1993. Tectonostratigraphy, structural styles, evolutionary model and hydrocarbon prospects of Cauvery and Palar Basins. In: Biswas, S.K., Dave, A., Carg, P., Pandey, J., Maithani, A., Thomas, N.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second Seminar on Petroliferous Basins of India. Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehra Dun, pp. 371-388.
[40]
Santantonio M.,1993. Facies associations and evolution of pelagic carbonate platform/basin systems: Examples from the Italian Jurassic.Sedimentology, 40(6), 1039-1067.
[32]
Xu Y.G., Chung S.-L., Jahn B.-m., Wu G.Y., 2001. Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Permian-Triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southwestern China.Lithos, 58(3-4), 145-168.
[30]
Mishra P.K., Rajnikanth A., Jauhri A.K., Kishore S., Singh S.K., 2004. Albian limestone building algae of Cauvery Basin, South India. Current Science, 87(11), 1516-1518.
[39]
Yang Q., Gaskin J., 2007. Tamarix. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., (Eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 13. Beijing/St. Louis, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp. 59-65.
[41]
Sarkar S., Chakraborty N., Mandal A., Banerjee S., Bose P.K., 2014. Siliciclastic-carbonate mixing modes in the river-mouth bar palaeogeography of the Upper Cretaceous Garudamangalam Sandstone (Ariyalur, India).Journal of Palaeogeography, 3(3), 233-256.
[39]
Rangaraju M.K., Agarwal A., Prabhakar K.N., 1993. Tectonostratigraphy, structural styles, evolutionary model and hydrocarbon prospects of Cauvery and Palar Basins. In: Biswas, S.K., Dave, A., Carg, P., Pandey, J., Maithani, A., Thomas, N.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second Seminar on Petroliferous Basins of India. Indian Petroleum Publishers, Dehra Dun, pp. 371-388.
[40]
Yang W.K., Zhang D.Y., Yin L.K., Zhang L.Y., 2002. Distribution and cluster analysis on the similarity of theTamarix communities in Xinjiang. Arid Zone Research, 19, 6-11 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[40]
Santantonio M.,1993. Facies associations and evolution of pelagic carbonate platform/basin systems: Examples from the Italian Jurassic.Sedimentology, 40(6), 1039-1067.
[41]
Yin L.K.,1995. Tamarix spp., the keystone species of desert ecosystem. Arid Zone Research, 12, 43-47 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[42]
Yin L.K.,2002. The ex-situ protection and the ecological adaptability ofTamarix L. in China. Arid Zone Research, 19, 12-16 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[41]
Sarkar S., Chakraborty N., Mandal A., Banerjee S., Bose P.K., 2014. Siliciclastic-carbonate mixing modes in the river-mouth bar palaeogeography of the Upper Cretaceous Garudamangalam Sandstone (Ariyalur, India).Journal of Palaeogeography, 3(3), 233-256.
[43]
Yin L.K., Yang W.K., 1998. An evaluation of the plant resources and diversity of Tamaricaceae in China. Proceedings of the International Conference on Desert Technology 4, New Technologies for Sustainable Production in Arid Areas.Journal of Arid Land Studies, 7, 201-204 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[42]
Sastri, V.V., Raju, D.S.N., Venkatachala, B.S., Acharyya, S.K. 1979. Sedimentary Basin Map of India. In: Stratigraphic Correlation between Sedimentary Basins of the ESCAP Region. Mineral Resource Development Series, vol. 45. United Nations, New York.
[31]
Nagendra R., Kamalak Kannan B.V., Sen G., Gilbert H., Bakkiaraj D., Reddy A.N., Jaiprakash B.C., 2011. Sequence surfaces and paleobathymetric trends in Albian to Maastrichtian sediments of Ariyalur area, Cauvery Basin, India.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 28, 895-905.
[44]
Zhai S.H., Li M.X., 1986. Chromosome number ofTamarix L. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 24, 273-274 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[43]
Schieber J., Southard J., Thaisen K., 2007. Accretion of mudstone beds from migrating floccule ripples.Science, 318(5857), 1760-1763.
Nagendra R., Nallapa Reddy A., 2017. Major geologic events of the Cauvery Basin, India and their correlation with global signatures — A review.Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(1), 69-83.
[45]
Seidler L., Steel R., 2001. Pinch-out style and position of tidally influenced strata in a regressive-transgressive wave-dominated deltaic sandbody, Twentymile Sandstone, Mesaverde Group, NW Colorado.Sedimentology, 48(2), 399-414.
[46]
Shanmugam G.,2015. The landslide problem.Journal of Palaeogeography, 4(2), 109-166.
[47]
Shanmugam G.,2017. Global case studies of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS): Definitions, classifications, advances, origins, and problems.Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(4), 251-320.
[45]
Zhai S.H., Wang C.G., Gao X.Z., 1983. Morphological and anatomical observations of clasping leaves ofTamarix L. Acta Botanical Sinica, 25, 519-525 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[46]
Zhang D.Y.,2004a. A cladistics analysis ofTamarix from China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 26, 275-282 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[47]
Zhang D.Y.,2005. Discuss on some systematical problems of Tamaricaceae.Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 27, 471-478 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[33]
Narasimha Chari M.V., Sahu J.N., Banerjee B., Zutshi P.L., Chandra K., 1995. Evolution of the Cauvery basin, India from subsidence modelling.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 12(6), 667-675.
[48]
Sundaram R., Henderson R.A., Ayyasami K., Stilwell J.D., 2001. A lithostratigraphic revision and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the Cretaceous System exposed in the onshore Cauvery Basin, southern India.Cretaceous Research, 22(6), 743-762.
[34]
Owen G., Moretti M., Alfaro P., 2011. Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation: Current understanding and future directions. Sedimentary Geology, 235(3-4SI), 133-140.
[42]
Sastri, V.V., Raju, D.S.N., Venkatachala, B.S., Acharyya, S.K. 1979. Sedimentary Basin Map of India. In: Stratigraphic Correlation between Sedimentary Basins of the ESCAP Region. Mineral Resource Development Series, vol. 45. United Nations, New York.
[49]
Sundaram R., Rao P.S., 1979. Lithostratigraphy classification of Uttattur and Trichinopoly Groups of Upper Cretaceous rocks of Tiruchirapalli district, Tamilnadu.Geological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, 45, 111-119.
[43]
Schieber J., Southard J., Thaisen K., 2007. Accretion of mudstone beds from migrating floccule ripples.Science, 318(5857), 1760-1763.
Seidler L., Steel R., 2001. Pinch-out style and position of tidally influenced strata in a regressive-transgressive wave-dominated deltaic sandbody, Twentymile Sandstone, Mesaverde Group, NW Colorado.Sedimentology, 48(2), 399-414.
[46]
Shanmugam G.,2015. The landslide problem.Journal of Palaeogeography, 4(2), 109-166.
[47]
Shanmugam G.,2017. Global case studies of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS): Definitions, classifications, advances, origins, and problems.Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(4), 251-320.
[48]
Zhang D.Y., Chen Z.D., Sun H.Y., Yin L.K., Pan B.R., 2000. Systematic studies on some questions of Tamaricaceae based on ITS sequence.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 20, 421-431 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[33]
Yang F.Q., Yin H.F., Yu J.X., Zhang S.X., Huang J.H., Peng Y.Q., Huang Q.S., Zhao Q.M., 2005. Stratigraphical study on the terrestrial Permian-Triassic boundary at Chahe Section, Weining County, Guizhou Province, China.Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 35(6), 519-529 (in Chinese).
[49]
Zhang D.Y., Pan B.R., Yin L.K., 2003a. The photogeographical studies ofTamarix(Tamaricaceae). Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 25, 415-427 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[35]
Peucat J.J., Jayananda M., Chardon D., Capdevilla R., Fanning C.M., Paquette J.L., 2013. The lower crust of the Dharwar Craton, Southern India: Patchwork of Archean granulitic domains.Precambrian Research, 227, 4-28.
[48]
Sundaram R., Henderson R.A., Ayyasami K., Stilwell J.D., 2001. A lithostratigraphic revision and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the Cretaceous System exposed in the onshore Cauvery Basin, southern India.Cretaceous Research, 22(6), 743-762.
[42]
Sastri, V.V., Raju, D.S.N., Venkatachala, B.S., Acharyya, S.K. 1979. Sedimentary Basin Map of India. In: Stratigraphic Correlation between Sedimentary Basins of the ESCAP Region. Mineral Resource Development Series, vol. 45. United Nations, New York.
[49]
Sundaram R., Rao P.S., 1979. Lithostratigraphy classification of Uttattur and Trichinopoly Groups of Upper Cretaceous rocks of Tiruchirapalli district, Tamilnadu.Geological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, 45, 111-119.
[34]
Yin H.F., Jiang H.S., Xia W.C., Feng Q.L., Zhang N., Shen J., 2014. The end-Permian regression in South China and its implication on mass extinction.Earth-Science Reviews, 137(Supplement C), 19-33.
[43]
Schieber J., Southard J., Thaisen K., 2007. Accretion of mudstone beds from migrating floccule ripples.Science, 318(5857), 1760-1763.
Yin H.F., Song H.J., 2013. Mass extinction and Pangea integration during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition.Science China Earth Sciences, 56(11), 1791-1803.
[50]
Zhang D.Y., Tan D.Y., Zhang J., Pan B.R., 2003b. Comparative anatomy of Yong Branches of 16 species ofTamarix from China with reference to their ecological significance. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 25, 653-662 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[45]
Seidler L., Steel R., 2001. Pinch-out style and position of tidally influenced strata in a regressive-transgressive wave-dominated deltaic sandbody, Twentymile Sandstone, Mesaverde Group, NW Colorado.Sedimentology, 48(2), 399-414.
[46]
Shanmugam G.,2015. The landslide problem.Journal of Palaeogeography, 4(2), 109-166.
[47]
Shanmugam G.,2017. Global case studies of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS): Definitions, classifications, advances, origins, and problems.Journal of Palaeogeography, 6(4), 251-320.
[36]
Porten K.W., Kane I.A., Warcho? M.J., Southern S.J., 2016. A sedimentological process-based approach to depositional reservoir quality of deep-marine sandstones: An example from the Springar Formation, northwestern Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea.Journal of Sedimentary Research, 86(11), 1269-1286.
[51]
Zhang D.Y., Yin L.K., Pan B.R., 2002. A review on the systematics study ofTamarix L. Arid Zone Research, 19, 41-46 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[36]
Yin H.F., Xie S.C., Luo G.M., Algeo T.J., Zhang K.X., 2012. Two episodes of environmental change at the Permian-Triassic boundary of the GSSP section Meishan.Earth-Science Reviews, 115(3), 163-172.
[37]
Powell C.M., Roots S.R., Veevers J.J., 1988. Pre-breakup continental extension in East Gondwanaland and the early opening of the eastern Indian Ocean.Tectonophysics, 155, 261-283.
[48]
Sundaram R., Henderson R.A., Ayyasami K., Stilwell J.D., 2001. A lithostratigraphic revision and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the Cretaceous System exposed in the onshore Cauvery Basin, southern India.Cretaceous Research, 22(6), 743-762.
[52]
Zhang P.Y., Liu M.T., 1988. Four new species ofTamarix from China. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 8, 263 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[38]
Ramkumar M., Stüben D., Berner Z., 2003. Lithostratigraphy, depositional history and sea level changes of the Cauvery Basin, southern India.Annales Géologiques de la Péninsule Balkanique, 65, 1-27.
[49]
Sundaram R., Rao P.S., 1979. Lithostratigraphy classification of Uttattur and Trichinopoly Groups of Upper Cretaceous rocks of Tiruchirapalli district, Tamilnadu.Geological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, 45, 111-119.
[53]
Zhang P.Y., Zhang Y.J., 1990. Tamaricaceae. In: Li, H.W., (Ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS), Tomus 50(2). Beijing, Science Press, pp. 142-177 (in Chinese).
[54]
Zhang Y.M.,2004b. Cluster analysis on pollen morphology of the Tamaricaceae from China.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 24, 1702-1707 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[55]
Zhang Y.M., Pan B.R., Yin L.K., 1998. Seed morphology of Tamaricaceae in China arid areas and its systematic evolution.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 7, 22-27 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[37]
Yin H.F., Yang F.Q., Yu J.X., Peng Y.Q., Wang S.Y., Zhang S.X., 2007. An accurately delineated Permian-Triassic boundary in continental successions.Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 50(9), 1281-1292.
[56]
Zhang Y.M., Pan B.R., Yin L.K., 2001. Pollen morphology of the Tamaricaceae from China and its taxonomic significance.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 21, 857-864 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[38]
Yin H.F., Zhang K.X., Tong J.N., Yang Z.Y., Wu S.B., 2001. The global stratotype section and point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary.Episodes, 24(2), 102-114.
[39]
Zhang Y., Zhang K.X., Shi G.R., He W.H., Yuan D.X., Yue M.L., Yang T.L., 2014. Restudy of conodont biostratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary section in Zhongzhai, southwestern Guizhou Province, South China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 80, 75-83.
[40]
Zhou Y.P., Bohor B.F., Ren Y.L., 2000. Trace element geochemistry of altered volcanic ash layers (tonsteins) in Late Permian coal-bearing formations of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou Provinces, China.International Journal of Coal Geology, 44(3), 305-324.
[41]
Zhou Y.P., Ren Y.L., 1994. Element geochemistry of volcanic ash derived tonsteins in Late Permian coal-bearing formation of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 12(2), 123-132 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[42]
Zhu J., Zhang Z.C., Hou T., Kang J.L., 2011. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology of the tuffs on the uppermost of the Emeishan basalt succession in Panxian County, Guizhou Province: Constraints on genetic link between Emeishan large igneous province and the mass extinction.Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(9), 2743-2751 (in Chinese with English abstract).
2018, Vol. 7 
|
