散发性结直肠癌的分子机制研究进展

doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2015.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结直肠癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其病因和发病机制十分复杂。大部分肠癌都是非遗传性的“散发性肠癌”,散发性肠癌是在环境因素影响下遗传和表观遗传学相继改变并累积,最终导致体细胞突变而发生的复杂的异质性疾病。其中最主要的三类基因变化是:染色体的不稳定性(CIN)、微卫星的不稳定性(MSI)和CpG岛甲基化表型(CIMP),表观遗传学变化是DNA的甲基化、组蛋白修饰、MicroRNA的改变。有些患者可能会有二至三种不同变化途径的同时呈现。更加透彻得理解肠癌发生发展背后分子生物学途径的变化将会有助于改善我们对肠癌的预防、监测、诊断和治疗策略。本文围绕结直肠癌发病的分子生物学机制的最新研究进展做一综述。

关键词: 结直肠癌, 染色体的不稳定性, 微卫星的不稳定性, CpG岛甲基化表型, DNA的甲基化

Abstract: Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common tumor,which has complicated pathogenesis.it is estimated that the vast majority of CRCs is non-hereditary“sporadic cancers”with no apparent evidence of an inherited component.Sporadic CRC Results from the cumulative effects of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations caused by somatic mutations,which may be the indirect result of several environmental factors themselves.There are at least 3 major genetic alternations that lead to colorectal carcinogenesis:(1)The chromosomal instability(CIN)pathway;(2)The microsatellite instability(MSI)pathway;(3)The cytosine-phospho-guanine(CpG)island methylator phenotype(CIMP)pathway,while DNA methylation,modifications in histone proteins and microRNAs(miRNAs)are analyzed in the field of epigenetic alterations.This review summarizes the newest biomolecular progression involved in CRC pathogenesis,for the purpose of improving strategy for prevention,surveillance,early diagnosis and therapy.

Key words: Colorectal cancer, The chromosomal instability, Microsatellite instability, Cytosine-phospho-guanine island methylator phenotype, DNA methylation

中图分类号:

R735.3

冯滢滢综述, 丁建华, 赵克审校. 散发性结直肠癌的分子机制研究进展[J]. 实用肿瘤学杂志, 2015, 29(5): 471-475.

FENG Yingying, DING Jianhua, ZHAO Ke. Research progress on molecular mechanism of sporadic colorectal cancer[J]. PRACTICAL ONCOLOGY JOURNAL, 2015, 29(5): 471-475.

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