miRNA调节免疫检查点在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2018.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肿瘤发生和发展的主要机制之一是免疫反应对癌症特异性抗原的沉默,癌症免疫监视的缺陷可能发生在肿瘤进展的任何阶段。肿瘤微环境中,对T淋巴细胞有活化或抑制作用的免疫检查点分子的异常表达可引起肿瘤细胞的免疫耐受或逃逸。靶向免疫检查点分子(如PD-1及其配体PD-L1等)已被证实是治疗多种类型癌症的新方向。微小RNA(miRNAs)在肿瘤微环境中有重要作用,研究表明一些肿瘤中miRNA的表达特异性高,其对免疫应答特别是早期调节有非常重要的作用。因此,miRNA可能成为癌症治疗中调节免疫检查点的理想分子。多种miRNA在癌细胞中异常表达,为癌症治疗提供了新的机遇,但这些miRNA的确切功能及其与免疫检查点分子间的相互作用还在探索阶段。本综述总结了近来关于miRNA作为免疫检查点分子调节剂的研究结果及其在临床实践中治疗癌症的潜在应用。

关键词: miRNA, 免疫检查点, 肿瘤, 免疫治疗

Abstract: One of the main mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development is silencing of the patient's immune response to cancer-specific antigens.The defect of cancer immune surveillance may occur at any stage of tumor progression.In the tumor microenvironment,the abnormal expression of the immune checkpoint molecules that have an activation or inhibition effect on T lymphocytes can cause immune tolerance or escape of tumor cells.Targeted immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1(programmed cell death protein 1)and its ligand PD-L1,have been shown to be new directions for the treatment of many types of cancer.microRNAs(miRNAs)play an important role in tumor microenvironment.Studies have shown that miRNAs are highly expressed in some tumors and play an important role in immune response,especially in early regulation.Therefore,miRNAs may be ideal candidates for the regulation of immune checkpoints in cancer therapy.The abnormal expression of multiple miRNAs in cancer cells provides new opportunities for cancer therapy,but the exact function of these miRNAs and their interaction with immune checkpoints are still in the exploratory phase.This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the use of miRNAs as molecular regulators of immune checkpoints and their potential applications in the treatment of cancer in clinical practice.

Key words: miRNA, Immune checkpoints, Cancer, Immune therapy

中图分类号:

苗素平, 郭二亮, 裴荣, 姜寰宇, 苗素生. miRNA调节免疫检查点在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展[J]. 实用肿瘤学杂志, 2018, 32(1): 57-62.

MIAO Suping, GUO Erliang, PEI Rong, JIANG Huanyu, MIAO Susheng. Research progress in miRNA regulatory immune checkpoint in cancer therapy[J]. PRACTICAL ONCOLOGY JOURNAL, 2018, 32(1): 57-62.

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