Abstract: Object To study the effect of cytokine INF-γ, TGF-β2, IL-13 and IL-21 on acute graft-versus-host disease（aGVHD）after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation（allo-HSCT）.Methods The aGVHD was observed in 20 patients with allo-HSCT.The peripheral blood of 20 patients was collected before and after transplantion, and the concentration of INF-γ, TGF-β2, IL-13 and IL-21 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay（ELISA）.Result The haematogenesis of 20 patients recovered after the allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.The median-time that neutrophilic granulocyte recovered to 0.5×109/L was 13.5 days, and the median-time that platelet recovered to 20×109/L was 18 days.aGVHD was found in 7 of 20 patients, including 4 patients withⅠ-Ⅱgrade aGVHD and 3 patients with Ⅲ-Ⅳ grades.In patients with aGVHD, the concentration of INF-γ and IL-21 after transplantation increased significantly than that before transplantation, while that of TGF-β2 decreased significantly.And the concentration of INF-γ and IL-21 in patients with aGVHD increased significantly than that in patients without aGVHD（P＜0.01）, however that of TGF-β2 decreased significantly（P＜0.01）.The concentration of IL-13 had no change.Conclusions INF-γ、IL-21 have the up-regulated function in aGVHD, and TGF-β2 has down-regulated function.It′s valuable to detect the concentration of INF-γ and IL-21 after transplantation for predicting aGVHD.IL-13 has no relationship with aGVHD.