Abstract: Objective To investigate risk factors of the chylous fistula after radical resection of colon carcinoma plus D3 lymph node dissection and its prevention.Methods Clinical data of 56 patients with the chylous fistula after radical resection of colon carcinoma plus D3 lymph node dissection was analyzed retrospectively as the observe group, and compared with the 769 patients without the chylous fistula after the same operation during the same time as the control group.The possible influencing factors of the chylous fistula were analyzed by single factor and logistic regression analysis.Results All 14 selected factors related with the chylous fistula, including anaemia or lower proteinemia, lesion site and lymph node dissection number were related with the chylous fistula.The statistical analysis showed that the difference was statistical significant(P＜0.05).Sex, age, diabetes, intestinal obstruction before operation, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy before operation, tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, operation method, blood loss during surgery, operation Method and operating time had no correlation with the chylous fistula(P＞0.05);Non-conditional multivariate analysis showed that anaemia or lower proteinemia, lesion site and lymph node dissection number were significant related with the chylous fistula as dependent risk factors.Conclusion Anaemia or lower proteinemia, lesion site and lymph node dissection number were significantly related with the chylous fistula as dependent risk factors.Radical resection of right-colon carcinoma plus D3 lymph node dissection is associated with higher risk for chyle leak.Conservative treatment is effective in early stage of chyle leak after radical resection of colon carcinoma plus D3 lymph node dissection.