Application of well log cycle analysis in studies of sequence stratigraphy of carbonate rocks
Yi Haisheng1,2
1 Institute of Sedimentary Geology，Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu 610059，Sichuan 2 State Key Laboratory of Oil/Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation，
Abstract：Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu 610059，Sichuan The Fischer Plot is a graphic method about analyzing numbers and thicknesses of meter scale cycle units or parasequences of carbonate platform successions.The method is used to analyze the stacking patterns and hierarchical architectures of high frequency cycles and then to define depositional sequence surfaces.This method has widespread application in field stratigraphic sections，but it meets obstacles and limitations in subsurface petroleum exploration districts.A new calculation method is proposed in this paper and the cycle numbers and thicknesses can be detected by means of well log data processing in any stratigraphic intervals.The interplays among amplitudes and periodicities of eustatic sea levels，subsidence rates，and sedimentation rates were discussed in detail according to numerical simulation results.It is suggested that ordered stacking patterns of high frequency cycles indicate low frequency sea level fluctuation pathways.This provides us theoretical basis to distinguish the third order depositional sequences and surface location with well depth.The Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the northwestern Sichuan Basin is taken as a case study，processing methods and procedures were demonstrated using natural gamma ray logging data.Discriminant markers for depositional sequence surfaces and multiple cyclic hierarchies were presented by graphing cumulative departure curves from mean cycle thickness as a function of cycle number or well depth.
蔡忠贤，蔡华，秦玉娟.1997.鄂尔多斯盆地南缘早古生代碳酸盐岩高频沉积旋回分析［J］.地球科学—中国地质大学学报，22(5):504-510. 陈建强，史晓颖，张国仁，等.1998.华北地台中寒武统张夏组上部高频层序研究［J］.地层学杂志，22(2):109-115. 陈茂山.1999.测井资料的两种深度域频谱分析方法及其在层序地层研究中的应用［J］.石油地球物理勘探，34(2):57-64. 胡世玲，李日俊，戴撞谟，等.1996.贵州绿豆岩激光质谱 40Ar-39Ar 年龄［J］.岩石学报，12(3):409-415. 李庆谋.1996.测井曲线Milankovitch周期分析与应用［J］.地球物理学报，39(5):699-704. 李霞，范宜仁，邓少贵，等.2006.利用测井资料研究层序的方法述评［J］.测井技术，30(05):411-415. 刘泽纯，陈晔，袁林旺，等.2000.应用自然伽马测井曲线反演2.85Ma B.P.来古气候变化［J］.中国科学(D辑)，30(6):609-618. 柳永清，孟祥化，葛铭，等.1999.华北地台中寒武世鲕滩碳酸盐旋回沉积、古海平面变动控制及旋回年代学研究［J］.地质科学，34(4):442-450. 马永生.1994.华北北部晚寒武世沉积旋回分析［J］.地质论评，40(2):165-172. 梅冥相，马永生，周洪瑞，等.2001.雾迷山旋回层的费希尔图解及其在定义前寒武纪三级海平面变化中的应用［J］.地球学报，22(5):429-436. 梅冥相，梅仕龙.1997.华北中寒武世张夏组复合海平面变化旋回层序［J］.沉积学报，15(4):5-10. 齐永安，胡斌.2000.塔里木盆地下石炭统巴楚组米级碳酸盐旋回［J］.石油实验地质，22(2):152-155. 王鸿祯，史晓颖.1998.沉积层序及海平面旋回的分类级别—旋回周期的成因讨论［J］.现代地质，12(1):1-16. 吴怀春，张世红，黄清华.2008.中国东北松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组浮动天文年代标尺的建立［J］.地学前缘，15(4):159-169. 伊海生，时志强，陈兰，等.2006.藏北雁石坪地区中侏罗统玛托组高频沉积旋回的层序地层学分析［M］.见：成都理工大学五十周年校庆论文集.四川成都：四川科技出版社，20-27. 张占松.2000.测井资料识别层序的方法及问题讨论［J］.石油勘探与开发，27(5):119-121. 章雨旭，彭阳，高林志.1997.北京西山寒武系—奥陶系主要副层序类型及其形成机制探讨［J］.地质论评，43(2):148-155. 郑兴平，周进高，吴兴宁.2004.碳酸盐岩高频层序定量分析技术及其应用［J］.中国石油勘探，(5): 26-30. 周洪瑞，梅冥相，杜本明，等.2006.天津蓟县雾迷山组高频旋回沉积特征［J］.现代地质，20(2):209-215. Abreu V S，Anderson J B.1998.Glacial eustacy during the Cenozoic: Sequence stratigraphic implications［J］.AAPG Bulletin，82(7):1385-1400. Angevine C L，Heller P L，Paola C.1990.Quantitative sedimentary basin modeling［J］.AAPG，Continuing Education.Course Note Series，32: 133. Berger A，Gallee H，Fichefet T， et al.1990.Testing the astronomical theory with a coupled climate—Ice sheet model(in Geochemical variability in the oceans，ice and sediments)［J］.Global and Planetary Change，3(1-2):125-141. Einsele G，Seilacher A（eds）.1991.Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy［M］.Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Fischer A G.1964.The lofer cyclothem of the Alpine Trassic［J］.Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin，169: 107-149. Goldhammer R K，Dunn P A，Hardie L A.1987.High frequency glacio-eustatic sea level oscillations with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in the Middle Triassic platform carbonates in northern Italy［J］.American Journal of Science，287: 853-892. Goldhammer R K，Dunn P A，Hardie L A.1990.Depositional cycles，composite sea-level changes，cycle stacking patterns，and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: Examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin，102: 535-562. Goldhammer R K，Lehman P J，Dunn P A.1993.The origin of high-frequency platform carbonate cycles and third-order sequences(Lower Ordovician El Paso Group，West Texas): Constraints from outcrop data and stratigraphic modeling［J］.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology，63: 318-359. Haq B U，Hardenbol J，Vail P R.1987.Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic［J］.Science，235：1156-1167. Koerschner W F，Read J F.1989.Field and modeling studies of Cambrian carbonate cycle，Virginia Appalachians［J］.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology，59: 654-687. McNeill D F.2005.Accumulation rates from well-dated late Neogene carbonate platforms and margins［J］.Sedimentary Geology，175: 73-87. Miller K G，Sugarman P J，Browning JV， et al.2003.Late Cretaceous chronology of large，rapid sea-level changes: Glacioeustasy during the greenhouse world［J］.Geological Society of America，31: 585-588. Osleger D A，Montaez I P.1996.Cross-platform architecture of a sequence boundary in mixed siliclasticcarbonate lithofacies: Middle Cambrian，southern Great Basin，USA［J］.Sedimentology，43: 197-217. Osleger D A，Read J F.1991.Relation of eustasy to stacking patterns of meter-scale carbonate cycles，Late Cambrian，U.S.A.［J］.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology，61: 1225-1252. Osleger D A，Read J F.1993.Comparative analysis of methods used to define eustatic variation in outcrop: Late Cambrian interbasinal sequence development［J］. American Journal of Science，293:157-216. Pillans B，Chappell J，Naish T R.1998.A review of the Milankovitch climatic beat: Template for Plio-Pleistocene sea-level changes and sequence stratigraphy (in sequence stratigraphy in the Plio-Pleistocene：An evaluation)［J］.Sedimentory Geology，122: 5-21. Pomar L.1991.Reef geometries，erosion surfaces and high-frequency sea-level changes，upper Miocene reef Complex，Mallorca，Spain［J］.Sedimentology，38:243-269. Preto N，Hinnov L A，Hardie L A，et al.2001.A Middle Triassic orbital signature recorded in the shallow-marine Latemar carbonate buildup(Dolomites，Italy)［J］.Geology，29: 1123-1126. Read J F，Goldhammer R K.1988.Use of Fischer diagrams to define third-order sea-level curves in Ordovician peritidal cyclic carbonates，Appalachians［J］.Geology，16:895-899. Read J F，Grotzinger J P，Bova J A， et al.1986，Models in the generation of carbonate cycles［J］.Geology，14: 107-110. Schwarzacher W.1993.Cyclostratigraphy: The Milankovitch Theory，Developments in Sedimentology 52［M］.Amsterdam: Elsevier. Ten Veen J H，Postma G.1996.Astronomically forced variations in gamma-ray intensity: Late Miocene hemipelagic successions in the eastern Mediterranean basin as a test case［J］.Geology，24: 15-18. Vail P R，Audemard S A，Bowman S A， et al.1991.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics，eustasy and sedimentology-An overview［M］.In： Einsele G，Seilacher A(eds).Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy.Berlin: Springer-Verlag，617-662. Watts A B.1982.Tectonic subsidence，flexure，and global changes of sea level［J］.Nature，297:469-474. Weedon G.2003.Time-Series Analysis and Cyclostratigraphy: Examining Stratigraphic Records of Environmental Cycles［M］.Cambridge，UK: Cambridge University Press.
