Ore sedimentology: A developing interdisciplinary research direction of sedimentology
Du Yuan-Sheng1,2,3, Yu Wen-Chao1,2,3, Zhang Ya-Guan1
1 School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,Wuhan 430074,China; 3 Engineering Technology Innovate center of Resource Exploration in basement area of China Ministry of Natural Resources,Guiyang 550004,China
Abstract:Ore sedimentology is a new interdisciplinary research direction based on the combination of sedimentology and ore deposit geology. Ore sedimentology belongs to applied fundamental research and its main task is to apply the basic principles of applied sedimentology(sedimentation dynamics,fluid dynamics,physics,chemistry,and microbial sedimentology)to explore the transfer and accumulation of ore-forming elements and the weathering-transportation-deposition process of ore-forming particles. After obtaining above-mentioned information,we can reconstruct the palaeoenvironment factors of sedimentary ore deposits(e.g.,sedimentary environment,palaeosalinity,palaeo-alkalinity,palaeo-redox)and their forming background(e.g.,sedimentary basin,palaeogeography,palaeoclimate). This research aims at providing scientific basis for prospecting of sedimentary ore deposits. To achieve this goal,we need to constrain the origin of ore deposits,summarize the ore-forming rules,build the ore depositional and the prospecting model. Our study cases indicate that there were couplings between the sedimentary ore-forming events and important key geological events.
Du Yuan-Sheng,Yu Wen-Chao,Zhang Ya-Guan. Ore sedimentology: A developing interdisciplinary research direction of sedimentology[J]. JOPC, 2020, 22(4): 601-619.
[1] 陈国勇,杜远生,张亚冠,陈庆刚,范玉梅,王泽鹏,谭华. 2015. 黔中地区震旦纪含磷岩系时空变化及沉积模式. 地质科技情报, 34(6): 17-25. [Chen G Y,Du Y S,Zhang Y G,Chen Q G,Fan Y M,Wang Z P,Tan H.2015. Spatial and temporal variation and mineralization model of the Sinian phosphorus-bearing sequences in central Guizhou Province. Geological Science and Technology Information, 34(6): 17-25] [2] 崔滔,焦养泉,杜远生,余文超,计波,雷志远,翁申富,金中国,和秀林. 2013. 黔北务正道地区铝土矿形成环境的古盐度识别. 地质科技情报, 32(1): 46-51. [Cui T,Jiao Y Q,Du Y S,Yu W C,Ji B,Lei Z Y,Weng S F,Jin Z G,He X L.2013. Analysis on paleosalinity of sedimentary environment of bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen Area,Northern Guizhou Province. Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(1): 46-51] [3] 杜远生,周琦,金中国,凌文黎,张雄华,喻建新,汪小妹,余文超,黄兴,崔滔,雷志远,翁申富,吴波,覃永军,曹建州,彭先红,张震,邓虎. 2013. 黔北务正道地区铝土矿基础地质与成矿作用研究进展. 地质科技情报, 32(1): 1-6. [Du Y S,Zhou Q,Jin Z G,Ling W L,Zhang X H,Yu J X,Wang X M,Yu W C,Huang X,Cui T,Lei Z Y,Weng S F,Wu B,Qin Y J,Cao J Z,Peng X H,Zhang Z,Deng H.2013. Advances in basic geology and metallogenic regularity study of bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen Area,Northern Guizhou Province. Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(1): 1-6] [4] 杜远生,周琦,金中国,凌文黎,汪小妹,余文超,崔滔,雷志远,翁申富,吴波,覃永军,曹建州,彭先红,张震,邓虎. 2014. 黔北务正道地区早二叠世铝土矿成矿模式. 古地理学报, 16(1): 1-8. [Du Y S,Zhou Q,Jin Z G,Ling W L,Wang X M,Yu W C,Cui T,Lei Z Y,Weng S F,Wu B,Qin Y J,Cao J Z,Peng X H,Zhang Z,Deng H.2014. Mineralization model for the Early Permian bauxite deposits in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 16(1): 1-8] [5] 杜远生,周琦,金中国. 2015a. 贵州务正道地区二叠系铝土矿沉积地质学. 湖北武汉: 中国地质大学出版社,27-85. [Du Y S,Zhou Q,Jin Z G.2015a. Sedimentary Geology of the Premian Bauxite Deposit in Wuchuan-Zhengan-Daozhen Area,Northern Guizhou Province. Hubei Wuhan: China University of Geoscience Press,27-85] [6] 杜远生,周琦,余文超,王萍,袁良军,齐靓,郭华,徐源. 2015b. Rodinia超大陆裂解、Sturtian冰期事件和扬子地块东南缘大规模锰成矿作用. 地质科技情报, 34(6): 1-7. [Du Y S,Zhou Q,Yu W C,Wang P,Yuan L J,Qi L,Guo H,Xu Y.2015b. Linking the cryogenian manganese metallogenic process in the Southeast Margin of Yangtze Block to Break-up of Rodinia Supercontinent and Sturtian Glaciation. Geological Science and Technology Information, 34(6): 1-7] [7] 杜远生,陈国勇,张亚冠,刘建中,陈庆刚,赵征. 2018a. 贵州震旦纪陡山沱组磷矿沉积地质学. 湖北武汉: 中国地质大学出版社,128-130. [Du Y S,Chen G Y,Zhang Y G,Liu J Z,Chen Q G,Zhao Z.2018a. Sedimentary Geology of the Phosphorite Deposit from the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in Guizhou Province. Hubei Wuhan: China University of Geoscience Press,128-130] [8] 杜远生,周琦,余文超,张亚冠,王萍,覃永军,庞大卫. 2018b. 贵州南华纪—震旦纪沉积大地构造及其对沉积矿产的控制作用. 贵州地质, 35(4): 282-290. [Du Y S,Zhou Q,Yu W C,Zhang Y G,Wang P,Qin Y J,Pang D W.2018b. Sedimentary geotectonics and its control function of sedimentary mineral in Nanhua Period-Sinian Period in Guizhou. Guizhou Geology, 35(4): 282-290] [9] 黄兴,张雄华,杜远生,覃永军,翁申富,雷志远,郄文昆,蒋涛. 2012. 黔北地区铝土矿形成的地质时代. 地质科技情报, 31(3): 49-54. [Huang X,Zhang X H,Du Y S,Qin Y J,Weng S F,Lei Z Y, Qie W K,Jiang T.2012. Age of bauxite forming in Northern Guizhou. Geological Science and Technology Information, 31(3): 49-54] [10] 黄兴,张雄华,杜远生,郄文昆,杨兵,段先锋. 2013. 黔北务正道地区及邻区石炭纪—二叠纪之交海平面变化对铝土矿的控制. 地质科技情报, 32(1): 80-86. [Huang X,Zhang X H,Du Y S,Qie W K,Yang B,Duan X F.2013. Control of sea-level changes over the forming of bauxite between Carboniferous and Permian in Northern Guizhou and adjacent regions. Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(1): 80-86] [11] 李建威,赵新福,邓晓东,谭俊,胡浩,张东阳,李占轲,李欢,荣辉,杨梅珍,曹康,靳晓野,隋吉祥,俎波,昌佳,吴亚飞,文广,赵少瑞. 2019. 新中国成立以来中国矿床学研究若干重要进展. 中国科学: 地球科学, 49(11): 1720-1771. [Li J W,Zhao X F,Deng X D,Tan J,Hu H,Zhang D Y,Li Z K,Li H,Rong H,Yang M Z,Cao K,Jin X Y,Suo J X,Zu B,Cang J,Wu Y F,Weng G,Zhao S R.2019. An overview of the advance on the study of China’s ore deposits during the last seventy years(in Chinese). Scientia Sinica Terrae, 49(11): 1720-1771] [12] 廖士范,梁同荣. 1991. 中国铝土矿地质学. 贵州贵阳: 贵州科技出版社. [Liao S F,Liang T R.1991. Bauxite Geology of China. Guizhou Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Press] [13] 毛景文,杨宗喜,谢桂青,袁顺达,周振华. 2019. 关键矿产: 国际动向与思考. 矿床地质, 38(4): 689-698. [Mao J W,Yang Z X,Xie G Q,Yuan S D,Zhou Z H.2019. Critical minerals: International trends and thinking. Mineral Deposits, 38(4): 689-698] [14] 密文天,林丽,马叶情,王新利,任才云,周玉华. 2010. 贵州瓮安陡山沱组含磷岩系沉积序列及磷块岩的形成. 沉积与特提斯地质, 30(3): 46-52. [Mi W T,Lin L,Ma Y Q,Wang X L,Ren C Y,Zhou Y H.2010. DepositionaI sequences of the Phosphatic rock series and formation of the Phosphorites in the Doushantuo Formation in Weng an Guizhou. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 30(3): 46-52] [15] 汪小妹,焦养泉,杜远生,周琦,崔滔,计波,雷志远,翁申富,金中国,熊星. 2013. 黔北务正道地区铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征. 地质科技情报, 32(1): 27-33. [Wang X M,Jiao Y Q,Du Y S,Zhou Q,Cui T,Ji B,Lei Z Y,Weng S F,Jin Z G,Xiong X.2013. Rare earth element geochemistry of bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen Area,Northern Guizhou Province. Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(1): 27-33] [16] 王登红. 2019. 关键矿产的研究意义、矿种厘定、资源属性、找矿进展、存在问题及主攻方向. 地质学报, 93(6): 1189-1209. [Wang D H.2019. Study on critical mineral resources: Significance of research,determination of types,attributes of resources,progress of prospecting,problems of utilization,and direction of exploitation. Acta Geologica Sinica, 93(6): 1189-1209] [17] 王砚耕,朱士兴. 1984. 黔中陡山沱时期含磷地层及磷块岩研究的新进展. 中国区域地质,(1): 135. [Wang Y G,Zhu S X.1984. New study of phosphatic succession and phosphrotie of Doushantuo Formation in central Guizhou Province. Regional Geology of China,(1): 135] [18] 王泽鹏,张亚冠,杜远生,陈国勇,刘建中,徐园园,谭代卫,李磊,王大福,吴文明. 2016. 黔中开阳磷矿沉积区震旦纪陡山沱期定量岩相古地理重建. 古地理学报, 18(3): 399-410. [Wang Z P,Zhang Y G,Du Y S,Chen G Y,Liu J Z,Xu Y Y,Tan D W,Li L,Wang D F,Wu W M.2016. Reconstruction of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography of the Sinian Doushantuo Age of phosphorite depositional zone in Kaiyang area,central Guizhou Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 18(3): 399-410] [19] 吴祥和,韩至钧,蔡继峰,肖永连. 2000. 贵州磷块岩. 北京: 地质出版社,27-43. [Wu X H,Han Z J,Cai J F,Xiao Y L.2000. Phosphorites in Guizhou. Beijing: Geological Publishing House] [20] 杨爱华,朱茂炎,张俊明,赵方臣,吕苗. 2015. 扬子板块埃迪卡拉系(震旦系)陡山沱组层序地层划分与对比. 古地理学报, 17(1): 1-20. [Yang A H,Zhu M Y,Zhang J M,Zhao F C,Lü M.2015. Sequence stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Ediacaran(Sinian)Doushantuo Formation of Yangtze Plate,South China. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 17(1): 1-20] [21] 叶连俊,陈其英,赵东旭,陈志明,陈有明,刘魁梧. 1989. 中国磷块岩. 北京: 科学出版社,223-237. [Ye L J,Chen Q Y,Zhao D X,Chen Z M,Chen Y M,Liu K W.1989. China Phosphate Rock. Beijing: Science Press,223-237] [22] 余文超,杜远生,周琦,金中国,汪小妹,覃永军. 2012. 黔北务川—正安—道真地区铝土矿系中生物标志物及其地质意义. 古地理学报, 14(5): 651-662. [Yu W C,Du Y S,Zhou Q,Jin Z G,Wang X M,Qin Y J.2012. Biomarkers of bauxite-bearing strata and its geological significance in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 14(5): 651-662] [23] 余文超,杜远生,顾松竹,崔滔,黄兴,喻建新,覃永军,雷志远,翁申富,曹建州. 2013a. 黔北务正道地区早二叠世铝土矿多期淋滤作用及其控矿意义. 地质科技情报, 32(1): 34-39. [Yu W C,Du Y S,Gu S Z,Cui T,Huang X,Yu J X,Qin Y J,Lei Z Y,Weng S F,Cao J Z.2013a. Multiperiod leaching process of Early Permian bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province and its significance of ore-control. Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(1): 34-39] [24] 余文超,杜远生,汪小妹,黄兴,崔滔,喻建新,覃永军. 2013b. 黔北务正道地区铝土矿层中燃烧成因PAHs的发现及其古气候意义. 地质科技情报, 32(1): 57-61. [Y W C,Du Y S,Wang X M,Huang X,Cui T,Yu J X,Qin Y J.2013b. Combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bauxite deposit of Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province and significance of paleoclimate. Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(1): 57-61] [25] 余文超,杜远生,周琦,金中国,汪小妹,覃永军,崔滔. 2014a. 黔北务正道地区下二叠统铝土矿层物源研究: 来自碎屑锆石年代学的证据. 古地理学报, 16(1): 19-29. [Yu W C,Du Y S,Zhou Q,Jin Z G,Wang X M,Qin Y J,Cui T.2014a. Palaeoclimate of the Early Permian: Evidence from characteristics of bauxite beds in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 16(1): 19-29] [26] 余文超,杜远生,周琦,金中国,汪小妹,崔滔. 2014b. 黔北务正道地区铝土矿层特征及其反映的早二叠世古气候. 古地理学报, 16(1): 30-40. [Yu W C,Du Y S,Zhou Q,Jin Z G,Wang X M,Cui T.2014b. Palaeoclimate of the Early Permian: Evidence from characteristics of bauxite beds in Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 16(1): 30-40] [27] 余文超,杜远生,周琦,王萍,袁良军,徐源,潘文,谢小峰,齐靓,焦良轩. 2016. 黔东松桃地区大塘坡组LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义. 地质论评, 62(3): 539-549. [Yu W C,Du Y S,Zhou Q,Wang P,Yuan L J,Xu Y,Pan W,Xie X F,Qi L,Jiao L X.2016. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating from the Nanhuan Datangpo Formation in Songtao area,east Guizhou and its geological significance. Geological Review, 62(3): 539-549] [28] 翟明国,吴福元,胡瑞忠,蒋少涌,李文昌,王汝成,王登红,齐涛,秦克章,温汉捷. 2019. 战略性关键金属矿产资源: 现状与问题. 中国科学基金, 33(2): 106-111. [Zhai M G,Wu F Y,Hu R Z,Jing S Y,Li W C,Wang R C,Wang D H,Qi T,Qin K Z,Wen H J.2019. Critical metal mineral resource: Current research status and scientific issues. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 33(2): 106-111] [29] 张亚冠. 2019.黔中地区震旦纪陡山沱组磷矿沉积地质与大规模成矿作用.中国地质大学博士论文,1-178. [Zhang Y G.2019. Sedimentary Geology of the Phosphorite Deposits and Phosphogenic Event from Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Central Guizhou Province. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Geosciences,1-178] [30] 张亚冠,杜远生,陈国勇,刘建中,王泽鹏,徐圆圆,谭代卫,李磊,王大福,吴文明. 2016. 黔中开阳地区震旦纪陡山沱期富磷矿沉积特征与成矿模式. 古地理学报, 18(4): 581-594. [Zhang Y G,Du Y S,Chen G Y,Liu J Z,Wang Z P,Xu Y Y,Tan D W,Li L,Wang D F,Wu W M.2016. Sedimentary characteristics and mineralization model of high-grade phosphorite in the Sinian Doushantuo Age of Kaiyang area,central Guizhou Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 18(4): 581-594] [31] 张亚冠,杜远生,陈国勇,刘建中,陈庆刚,赵征,王泽鹏,邓超. 2019. 富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式: 黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制. 古地理学报, 21(2): 351-368. [Zhang Y G,Du Y S,Chen G Y,Liu J Z, Chen Q G,Zhao Z,Wang Z P,Deng C.2019. Three stages dynamic mineralization model of the phosphate-rich deposits: Mineralization mechanism of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite in central Guizhou Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 21(2): 351-368] [32] 周琦,杜远生,覃英. 2013. 古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床成矿系统与成矿模式: 以黔湘渝毗邻区南华纪“大塘坡式”锰矿为例. 矿床地质, 32(3): 457-466. [Zhou Q,Du Y S,Qin Y.2013. Ancient natural gas seepage sedimentary-type manganese metallogenic system and ore-forming model: A case study of‘Datangpo type’ manganese deposits formed in rift basin of Nanhua Period along Guizhou-Hunan-Chongqing border area. Mineral Deposits, 32(3): 457-466] [33] 周琦,杜远生,袁良军,张遂,余文超,杨胜堂,刘雨. 2016. 黔湘渝毗邻区南华纪武陵裂谷盆地结构及其对锰矿的控制作用. 地球科学, 41(2): 177-188. [Zhou Q,Du Y S,Yuan L J,Zhang S,Yu W C,Yang S T,Liu Y.2016. The structure of the Wuling rift basin and its control on the manganese deposit during the Nanhua period in Guizhou-Hunan-Chongqing Border area,South China. Earth Science, 41(2): 177-188] [34] 周琦,杜远生,袁良军,张遂,杨炳南,潘文,余文超,王萍,徐源,齐靓,刘雨,覃永军,谢小峰. 2017. 古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床找矿模型: 以黔湘渝毗邻区南华纪“大塘坡式”锰矿为例. 地质学报, 91(10): 2285-2298. [Zhou Q,Du Y S,Y L J,Zhang S,Yang B N,Pan W,Yu W C,Wang P,Xu Y,Qi L,Liu Y,Qin Y J,Xie X F.2017. Exploration models of ancient natural gas seep sedimentary-type manganese ore deposit: A case study of the Nanhua period ″Datangpo″ type manganese ore in the conjunction area of Guizhou,Hunan and Chongqing. Acta Geologica Sinica, 91(10): 2285-2298] [35] Bardossy G.1982. Karst bauxite,bauxite deposits on carbonate rocks. Developments in Economic Geology, 14: 108-164. [36] Bardossy G,Aleva G J J.1990. Lateritic Bauxites. Development in Economic Geology, 27: 541. [37] Bogdanova S V,Pisarevsky S A,Li Z X.2009. Assembly and Breakup of Rodinia(Some results of IGCP project 440). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 17(3): 259-274. [38] Campbell I H,Squire R J.2010. The mountains that triggered the Late Neoproterozoic increase in oxygen: The Second Great Oxidation Event. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(15): 4187-4206. [39] Canfield D E.2005. The early history of atmospheric oxygen: Homage to Robert M. Garrels. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33(1): 1-36. [40] Cook P J,Shergold J H.1986. Phosphate Deposits of the World(Vol.1). Proterozoic and Cambrian Phosphorites. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [41] Compton J,Mallinson D,Glenn C R,Fillippelli G,Föllmi K,Shields G,Zanin Y.2000. Variations in the global phosphorus cycle. Society for Sedimentary Geology: 21-33. [42] Filippelli G M.2011. Phosphate rock formation and marine phosphorus geochemistry: The deep time perspective. Chemosphere, 84(6): 759-766. [43] Föllmi K B.1996. The phosphorus cycle,phosphogenesis and marine phosphate-rich deposits. Earth Science Reviews, 40(1): 55-124. [44] Goddéris Y,Donnadieu Y,Nédélec A,Dupré B,Dessert C,Grard A,Ramstein G,François L M.2003. The Sturtian‘snowball’ glaciation: Fire and ice. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 211(1-2): 1-12. [45] Hoffman P F.1998. A Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Science, 281: 1342-1346. [46] Hoffman P F,Abbot D S,Ashkenazy Y,Benn D I,Brocks J J,Cohen P A,Cox G M,Creveling J R,Donnadieu Y,Erwin D H,Fairchild I J,Ferreira D,Goodman J C,Halverson G P,Jansen M F,Le Hir G,Love G D,Macdonald F A,Maloof A C,Partin C A,Ramstein G,Rose B E J,Rose C V,Sadler P M,Tziperman E,Voigt A,Warren S G.2017. Snowball Earth climate dynamics and Cryogenian geology-geobiology. Science Advances, 3(11): 1-43. [47] Isbell J L,Henry L C,Gulbranson E L,Limarino C O,Fraiser M L,Koch Z J,Ciccioli P L,Dineen A A.2012. Glacial paradoxes during the late Paleozoic ice age: Evaluating the equilibrium line altitude as a control on glaciation. Gondwana Research, 22(1): 1-19. [48] Lyons T W,Reinhard C T,Planavsky N J.2014. The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere. Nature, 506(7488): 307-315. [49] Kuenen P H,Migliorini C Ⅰ.1950. Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding. The Journal of Geology, 58: 91-127. [50] Ma Z X,Liu X T,Yu W C,Du Y S,Du Q D.2019. Redox conditions and manganese metallogenesis in the Cryogenian Nanhua Basin: Insight from the basal Datangpo Formation of South China. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 529: 39-52. [51] Montañez I P,Poulsen C J.2013. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age: An evolving paradigm. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41(1): 629-656. [52] Och L M,Shields-Zhou G A.2012. The Neoproterozoic oxygenation event: Environmental perturbations and biogeochemical cycling. Earth-Science Reviews, 110(1-4): 26-57. [53] Pufahl P K,Grimm K A.2003. Coated phosphate grains: Proxy for physical,chemical,and ecological changes in seawater. Geology, 31(9): 801-804. [54] Pufahl K P,Groat A L.2017. Sedimentary and igneous phosphate deposits: Formation and exploration: An invited paper. Economic Geology, 112(3): 483-516. [55] Qi L,Xu Y J,Cawood P A,Du Y S.2018. Reconstructing Cryogenian to Ediacaran successions and paleogeography of the South China Block. Precambrian Research, 314: 452-467. [56] Urban H,Stribrny B,Lippolt H J.1992. Iron and manganese deposits of the Urucum District,Mato Grosso do Sul,Brazil. Economic Geology, 87: 1375-1392. [57] Roy S.1981. Manganese Deposits. London: Academic Press,458. [58] Roy S.2006. Sedimentary manganese metallogenesis in response to the evolution of the Earth system. Earth-Science Reviews, 77: 273-305. [59] Rygel M C,Fielding C R,Frank T D,Birgenheier L P.2008. The magnitude of Late Paleozoic glacioeustatic fluctuations: A synthesis. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 78(8): 500-511. [60] She Z B,Strother P,McMahon G,Nittler L R,Wang J H,Zhang J H,Sang L K,Ma C Q,Papineau D.2013. Terminal Proterozoic cyanobacterial blooms and phosphogenesis documented by the Doushantuo granular phosphorites Ⅰ: In situ micro-analysis of textures and composition. Precambrian Research, 235: 20-35. [61] Shields-Zhou G,Och L.2011. The case for a Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event: Geochemical evidence and biological consequences. GSA Today, 21(3): 4-11. [62] Spence G H,Le Heron D P,Fairchild I J.2016. Sedimentological perspectives on climatic,atmospheric and environmental change in the Neoproterozoic Era. Sedimentology, 63(2): 253-306. [63] Walker R G.1979. Facies Models. Geological Association of Canada. Geoscience of Canada(Series 1): 1-221. [64] Wang P,Algeo T J,Zhou Q,Yu W C,Du Y S,Qin Y J,Xu Y,Yuan L J,Pan W.2019. Large accumulations of 34S-enriched pyrite in a low-sulfate marine basin: The Sturtian Nanhua Basin,South China. Precambrian Research,335. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105504. [65] Wang P,Du Y S,Yu W C,Thomas J Algeo,Zhou Q,Xu Y,Qi L,Yuan L J,Pan W.2020. The chemical index of alteration(CIA)as a proxy for climate change during glacial-interglacial transitions in Earth history. Earth-Science Reviews,201. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103032. [66] Weng S F,Yu W C,Algeo T J,Du Y S,Li P G,Lei Z Y,Zhao S.2019. Giant bauxite deposits of South China: Multistage formation linked to Late Paleozoic Ice Age(LPIA)eustatic fluctuations. Ore Geology Reviews, 104: 1-13. [67] Xu Y J,Cawood P A,Du Y S,Zhong Z Q,Hughes N C.2014. Terminal suturing of Gondwana along the southern margin of South China Craton: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes in Cambrian and Ordovician strata,Hainan Island. Tectonics, 33(12): 2490-2504. [68] Yu W C,Du Y S,Cawood P A,Xu Y J,Yang J H.2015. Detrital zircon evidence for the reactivation of an Early Paleozoic syn-orogenic basin along the North Gondwana margin in South China. Gondwana Research, 28(2): 769-780. [69] Yu W C,Algeo T J,Du Y S,Zhang Q L,Liang Y P.2016a. Mixed volcanogenic-lithogenic sources for Permian bauxite deposits in southwestern Youjiang Basin,South China,and their metallogenic significance. Sedimentary Geology, 341: 276-288. [70] Yu W C,Algeo T J,Du Y S,Maynard B,Guo H,Zhou Q,Peng T P,Wang P,Yuan L J.2016b. Genesis of Cryogenian Datangpo manganese deposit: Hydrothermal influence and episodic post-glacial ventilation of Nanhua Basin,South China. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 459: 321-337. [71] Yu W C,Algeo T J,Du Y S,Zhou Q,Wang P,Xu Y,Yuan L J,Pan W.2017. Newly discovered Sturtian cap carbonate in the Nanhua Basin,South China. Precambrian Research, 293: 112-130. [72] Yu W C,Algeo T J,Yan J X,Yang J H,Du Y S,Huang X,Weng S F.2019a. Climatic and hydrologic controls on upper Paleozoic bauxite deposits in South China. Earth-Science Reviews, 189: 159-176. [73] Yu W C,Polgári M,Gyollai I,Fintor K,Szabó M,Kovács I,Fekete J,Du Y S,Zhou Q.2019b. Microbial metallogenesis of Cryogenian manganese ore deposits in South China. Precambrian Research, 322: 122-135. [74] Zhang Y G,Pufahl P K,Du Y S,Chen G Y,Liu J Z,Chen Q G,Wang Z P,Yu W C.2019. Economic phosphorite from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation,South China,and the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Phosphogenic Event. Sedimentary Geology, 388: 1-19. [75] Zhou C M,Huyskens M H,Lang X G,Xiao S H,Yin Q Z.2019. Calibrating the terminations of Cryogenian global glaciations. Geology, 47(3): 251-254. [76] Zhu M Y,Lu M,Zhang J M,Zhao F C,Li G X,Yang A H,Zhao X,Zhao M J.2013. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and sedimentary facies evolution of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in western Hubei,South China. Precambrian Research, 225: 7-28.