Formation environment and mineralization mechanism of oil shale in continental basins of China
Liu Zhao-Jun1,2, Sun Ping-Chang1,2
1 College of Earth Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130061,China; 2 Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Coexisting Minerals of Jilin Province,Jilin University,Changchun 130061,China
Abstract：In the past ten years,great progress has been made in the exploration,development and formation theory of oil shale. Based on previous research and systematic investigation,we summarized the formation environment and mineralization mechanism of continental oil shale in China. In general,the oil shale preferably forms in the atmospheric background with relatively high O2 and low CO2 concentration, with four main mineralization mechanisms. In the basins,the tectonic and paleoclimate control the deposit scale of oil shale,resulting in deep-water oil shale formed in balance filled environment,and shallow water oil shale in the over filled environment. The deep water oil shale was deposited in the semi-deep and deep lake environment,where the lake bottom is in the state of hypoxia to anoxia. The biological productivity is the key factor to control the quality of oil shale,and the duration of favorable conditions and the range of low oxygen area determine the scale of oil shale deposit. Shallow water oil shale was deposited in limnetic environment. Lakes with eutrophication and turbid algae are the premises of shallow water oil shale deposition. The restoration of lake itself and paleoclimate regulation result in thin thickness and strong horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of oil shale. Some geological events promoted oil shale deposition and mineralization. For example,anoxia,volcanism,hydrothermal and marine transgression events help to improve bioproductivity and form anoxic environment. Based on the analyses of oil shale forming environment,the mineralization mechanism of deep water and shallow water oil shale is summarized. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution of the China continent,the temporal and spatial distribution of oil shale in China is mainly controlled by the influence of Paleo-Asia,Tethys and Circum-Pacific tectonic domains.
Liu Zhao-Jun,Sun Ping-Chang. Formation environment and mineralization mechanism of oil shale in continental basins of China[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(1): 1-17.
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