Sedimentary characteristics and model of lacustrine gravity flow channels: a case study of the Triassic Yanchang Formation of Yaoqu railway-bridge section in Ordos Basin
Tian Rong-Heng1,2, Xian Ben-Zhong1,2, Chao Chu-Zhi2, Liu Jian-Ping3,4,5, Zhang Guo-Dong6, Wang Jun-Hui1,2, Chen Peng1,2
1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China; 2 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China; 3 Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou 510760,China; 4 MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou 510760,China; 5 School of Marine Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangdong Zhuhai 519000,China; 6 801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources,Jinan 250014,China;
Abstract：The classification of lacustrine deep-water gravity flow channels and the sedimentary model are the key controls on hydrocarbon exploration and development. In this paper,depositional characteristics,sedimentary processes and sedimentary model are studied using section measurement of the Triassic Yanchang Formation of Yaoqu railway-bridge outcrop,morphological parameter statistics for single channel,lithofacies and grain-size analysis. This study shows that: (1)There are at least four sets of gravity flow composite channels,which were mainly triggered by flood events. According to the morphological characteristics,lithofacies composition of single channel,composite channels can be divided into depositional channels and transitional channels. (2)The two composite channels in the lower part of the section belong to depositional type with suspended load lithofacies association including massive clean fine sandstone,thin layered mudstone and the Bouma facies sequence. Besides,the two channels in the upper part of the studied section belong to transitional channel with mixed lithofacies of bed load and suspended load,which is characterized by vertical lithofacies association of cross-bedding fine sandstone or fine sandstone with imbricated mud clasts,massive fine sandstone containing ripped mud clasts,parallel bedding coarse siltstone and thin mudstone facies. (3)A semi-quantitative sedimentary model of transitional and depositional gravity channel is proposed by analyzing size and architecture of the single channels in the composite channel. Both erosional and depositional process occurred in the transitional channel. A single transitional channel shows a smaller width,lower ratio of width to thickness,lenticular shape,and strong erosional ability. The sand body shows a low stability in lateral and a stacking pattern of random superposition or lateral splicing. The depositional channel,showing plate-like and lenticular shape and dominated by sedimentation,has a bigger width,higher width to thickness ratio of single channels,higher lateral stability and the stacking pattern of stable vertical aggradation.
Tian Rong-Heng,Xian Ben-Zhong,Chao Chu-Zhi et al. Sedimentary characteristics and model of lacustrine gravity flow channels: a case study of the Triassic Yanchang Formation of Yaoqu railway-bridge section in Ordos Basin[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(5): 967-982.
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