河套盆地临河坳陷白垩纪—古近纪沉积环境演化及油气地质意义<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2022.02.022

摘要
图/表
参考文献 (39)
相关文章 (15)
点击分布统计
下载分布统计

全文: PDF (13284 KB) RICH HTML
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS) 背景资料

摘要

河套盆地沉积环境演化的研究程度较低,尤其是针对具有重要油气勘探潜力的临河坳陷白垩系和古近系。通过对地震和钻井资料的详细分析,对河套盆地临河坳陷白垩系和古近系沉积演化开展系统研究,并探讨其油气地质意义。结果表明: (1)白垩纪和古近纪,河套盆地临河坳陷处于亚热带干旱—半干旱气候条件,沉积水体整体富氧但局部贫氧—厌氧,并且淡水和半咸水环境交替出现。(2)坳陷内的白垩系和古近系共发育5类沉积相,包括冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲及湖泊相,又进一步划分为12类沉积亚相及22类沉积微相。坳陷西北侧断控构造活动较强,地形高差较大,发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、湖泊沉积体系;东南侧构造活动弱,地形较缓,发育辫状河、辫状河三角洲、湖泊沉积体系。各期沉积格局整体相似,仅表现在盆缘扇体和盆内湖相沉积规模的此消彼长。(3)坳陷内的白垩系和古近系沉积作用表现为“弱幕式构造主控下的干旱浅水双物源沉积”特征。在盆地发育的初期,构造活动较强,但盆地规模较小且水体较浅,两侧碎屑物质快速向盆内推进,并在盆地中心汇合,形成“满盆砂”的沉积格局。随着构造活动减弱和水平面快速上升,碎屑物质供应不足,湖泊的沉积和改造作用占据主导,从而形成以湖泊相占优势的沉积格局。(4)坳陷内的沉积相带控制着砂体的宏观发育规模、叠置关系和垂向演变,进一步决定了有效储集层的空间分布特征。在沉积相带和断裂作用双重主控因素下,坳陷内的白垩系和古近系有利储集层多分布于以滨—浅湖和三角洲前缘沉积为主并且断层发育的中央断垒带。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	陆鹿
	陈树光
	李壮福
	秦勇
	屈争辉
	沈玉林

关键词 ：沉积相, 储集层, 白垩系—古近系, 临河坳陷, 河套盆地

Abstract：

The study on the sedimentary evolution of the Hetao Basin is relatively insufficient,especially for the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata in the Linhe depression,which has important oil and gas exploration potential. In this article,based on sedimentology,mineralogy,petrology,geochemistry,field and drilling data,we performed a systematic sedimentary research on the Cretaceous to Paleogene strata in the Linhe depression and to explore its petroleum significance. The results show that: (1)From the Cretaceous to Paleogene,the Linhe depression in the Hetao Basin was characterized by sub-tropical arid and semi-arid climate,an overall oxygen-rich water body but locally anaerobic-anaerobic,and alternation of fresh water and brackish water environments. (2)There are five types of sedimentary facies in the Cretaceous to Paleogene strata,including alluvial fan,braided river,braided river delta,fan delta,and lacustrine facies,which are further divided into 12 types of sedimentary subfacies and 22 types of sedimentary microfacies. In the northwestern depression,the alluvial fan-delta-lacustrine sedimentary system was developed due to strong fault activity and high topographic relief. In the southeastern depression,a relatively weak tectonic activity and low topographic relief resulted in a braided river-braided river delta-lacustrine sedimentary system. The sedimentary pattern of each period is similar and only shows the variation of the fan-lacustrine boundary. (3)The Cretaceous to Paleogene Linhe Formation was characterized by arid and semi-arid,shallow water,dual provenances controlled by weak episodic tectonic activity. In the early stage of basin development,the tectonic activity was strong,but the basin was small and shallow. The clastic materials from both sides of basin margin rapidly advanced into and even converged in the center of the basin,forming a basin filled up by sands. With the weakening of tectonic activity and the rapid rise of lake water in the late stage,the clastic materials supply was insufficient to fill the lacustrine basin,thus forming a lake facies. (4)Sedimentary facies distribution in the depression control the macro-scale size,superimposed relationship and vertical evolution of sand bodies,and further determine the spatial distribution of effective reservoirs. Under the dual controlling factors of sedimentary facies and faulting,the favorable reservoirs in the Cretaceous to Paleogene strata are mainly distributed in the central faulted belt,which is dominated by shore-shallow lake and delta front deposits.

Key words： sedimentary facies reservoir Cretaceous-Paleogene Linhe depression Hetao Basin

收稿日期: 2021-12-02

ZTFLH:

P531

基金资助:

*中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技攻关课题(编号: 2019D-0815)、中国矿业大学第十三批青年教师“启航计划”和2021年江苏省“双创计划”(编号:JSSCBS20211215)联合资助

通讯作者: 李壮福,男,1965年生,博士,中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院副教授,主要从事油气地质研究。E-mail: lizhuangfu@163.com。

作者简介: 陆鹿,男,1989年生,博士,中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院讲师,主要从事岩石大地构造和沉积盆地演化研究。E-mail: geollulu@cumt.edu.cn。

引用本文:

陆鹿,陈树光,李壮福等. 河套盆地临河坳陷白垩纪—古近纪沉积环境演化及油气地质意义^*[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(2): 308-331.

Lu Lu,Chen Shu-Guang,Li Zhuang-Fu et al. Sedimentary evolution and petroleum potential of the Cretaceous to Paleogene in Linhe depression,Hetao Basin[J]. JOPC, 2022, 24(2): 308-331.

链接本文:

http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/gdlxb/CN/10.7605/gdlxb.2022.02.022 或 http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/gdlxb/CN/Y2022/V24/I2/308

[1] Boucot A J,陈旭,Scotese C R,樊隽轩. 2009. 显生宙全球古气候重建. 北京: 科学出版社,1-173.
[Boucot A J,Chen X,Scotese C R,Fan J X. 2009. Phanerozoic Global Paleoclimate Reconstruction. Beijing: Science Press,1-173]
[2] 蔡友贤. 1988a. 内蒙古河套盆地白垩纪地层层序及生油层时代讨论. 石油勘探与开发, 15(3): 27-32.
[Cai Y X. 1988a. A discussion on the Cretaceous stratigraphic sequence and the age of source rocks,Hetao Basin in Inner Mongolia. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 15(3): 27-32]
[3] 蔡友贤. 1988b. 内蒙古河套盆地晚白垩世地层新资料. 地层学杂志, 12(4): 273-280.
[Cai Y X. 1988b. New stratigraphic data of the Late Cretaceous in Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia. Journal of Stratigraphy, 12(4): 273-280]
[4] 蔡友贤. 1990. 内蒙古河套盆地白垩纪古气候、沉积环境及油气勘探远景. 地质论评, 36(2): 105-115.
[Cai Y X. 1990. Cretaceous palaeoclimatie,sedimentary environment and oil-gas prospect in the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia. Geological Review, 36(2): 105-115]
[5] 邓宏文,钱凯. 1993. 沉积地球化学与环境分析. 兰州: 甘肃科学技术出版社,95-104.
[Deng H W,Qian K. 1993. Sedimentary Geochemistry and Environment Analysis. Lanzhou: Gansu Science and Technology Press,95-104]
[6] 范玉海,屈红军,王辉,杨县超,冯杨伟. 2012. 微量元素分析在判别沉积介质环境中的应用: 以鄂尔多斯盆地西部中区晚三叠世为例. 中国地质, 39(2): 382-389.
[Fan Y H,Qu H J,Wang H,Yang X C,Feng Y W. 2012. The application of trace elements analysis to identifying sedimentary media environment: a case study of Late Triassic strata in the middle part of western Ordos Basin. Geology in China, 39(2): 382-389]
[7] 付锁堂,付金华,喻建,姚泾利,张才利,马占荣,杨亚娟,张艳. 2018. 河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质特征及勘探前景. 石油勘探与开发, 45(5): 5-18.
[Fu S T,Fu J H,Yu J,Yao J L,Zhang C L,Ma Z R,Yang Y J,Zhang Y. 2018. Petroleum geological features and exploration prospect of Linhe depression in Hetao Basin,China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 45(5): 5-18]
[8] 高剑峰,陆建军,赖鸣远,林雨萍,濮巍. 2003. 岩石样品中微量元素的高分辨率等离子质谱分析. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 39(6): 844-850.
[Gao J F,Lu J J,Lai M Y,Lin Yuping,Pu W. 2003. Analysis of trace elements in rock samples using HR-ICP-MS. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science), 39(6): 844-850]
[9] 国家地震局《鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系》课题组. 1988. 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系. 北京: 地震出版社,1-328.
[Research group of Ordos Periphery Active Fault System,China Earthquake Administration. 1988. Ordos perimeter active fault system. Beijing: Seismological Press,1-328]
[10] 郭忠铭,于忠平. 1990. 石油勘探与开发—平河套弧形地堑系构造特征和演化机制及其油气勘探. 石油勘探与开发, 3(7): 11-19.
[Guo Z M,Yu Z P. 1990. Structural characteristics,mechanism of evolution and petroleum prospecting of Hetao graben system. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 3(7): 11-19]
[11] 何登发,周新源,杨海军,雷刚林,马玉杰. 2009. 库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用. 大地构造与成矿学, 33(1): 19-32.
[He D F,Zhou X Y,Yang H J,Lei G L,Ma Y J. 2009. Geological structural and its controls on giant oil and gas fields in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin: a clue from new shot seismic data. Geotectonicac et Metallogenia, 33(1): 19-32]
[12] 胡立. 2017. 河套盆地临河坳陷临河组岩性、岩相及生储盖特征. 西北大学硕士学位论文.
[Hu L. 2017. Research on characteristics of lithology,lithofacies,source rocks,reservoir and seal of Linhe Formation in Linhe depression,Hetao Basin. Masteral dissertation of Northwest University]
[13] 旷红伟,柳永清,刘燕学,彭楠,许欢,董超,陈军,刘海,徐加林,薛沛霖. 2013. 兴蒙造山区及邻区早白垩世盆地岩石地层格架与沉积古地理演化. 地质通报, 32(7): 1063-1084.
[Kuang H W,Liu Y Q,Liu Y X,Peng N,Xu H,Dong C,Chen J,Liu H,Xu J L,Xue P L. 2013. Stratigraphy and depositional palaeogeography of the Early Cretaceous basins in Da Hinggan Mountains-Mongolia orogenic belt and its neighboring areas. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(7): 1063-1084]
[14] 刘成林,曹养同,杨海军,焦鹏程,顾乔元. 2013. 库车前陆盆地古近纪—新近纪盐湖环境变迁及其成钾效应探讨. 地球学报, 34(5): 547-558.
[Liu C L,Cao Y T,Yang H J,Jiao P C,Gu Q Y. 2013. Discussion on Paleogene-Neogene environmental change of salt lakes in Kuqa Foreland Basin and its potash-forming effect. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 34(5): 547-558]
[15] 刘天顺,张锐锋,丁文龙,焦保程,王少春,吴晨林,杜晓宇,周志成,薛明旺. 2021. 河套盆地临河坳陷下白垩统内部不整合的发现及对构造演化的启示. 中国地质, 48(2): 593-604.
[Liu T S,Zhang R F,Ding W L,Jiao B C,Wang S C,Wu C L,Du X Y,Zhou Z C,Xue M W. 2021. Discovery of Lower Cretaceous unconformity in Linhe depression of Hetao Basin and its implication to structural evolution. Geology in China, 48(2): 593-604]
[16] 柳永清,旷红伟,彭楠,许欢. 2018. 中国最古老风成沉积记录: 华北—西北侏罗白垩纪过渡期风成砂岩. 见: 第十五届全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议摘要集. 229-230.
[The oldest eolian sedimentary record in China: eolian sandstones in the transitional period between Cretaceous and Jurassic in north and northwest China.In: Abstract collection of the 15th National Palaeogeography and Sedimentology Academic Conference,229-230]
[17] 内蒙古自治区地质矿产局. 1991. 内蒙古自治区区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社.
[Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 1991. Regional Geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Beijing: Geological Publishing House]
[18] 沈华,陆鹿,史原鹏,李壮福,陈树光,曹兰柱,胡延旭,李明桦. 2021. 一种特殊的储集空间成因机制: 断裂—地震—高压水射流作用. 地质论评, 67(4): 1021-1032.
[Shen H,Lu L,Shi Y P,Li Z F,Chen S G,Cao L Z,Hu Y X,Li M H. 2021. A special reservoir space genesis mechanism: fault-earthquake-high pressure water jet process. Geological Review, 67(4): 1021-1032]
[19] 田景春,陈高武,张翔,聂永生,赵强,韦东晓. 2006. 沉积地球化学在层序地层分析中的应用. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 33(1): 30-35.
[Tian J C,Chen G W,Zhang X,Nie Y S,Zhao Q,Wei D X. 2006. Application of sedimentary geochemistry in the analysis of sequence stratigraphy. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition), 33(1): 30-35]
[20] 腾格尔,刘文汇,徐永昌,陈践发. 2004. 缺氧环境及地球化学判识标志的探讨: 以鄂尔多斯盆地为例. 沉积学报, 22(2): 365-372.
[Tonger,Liu W H,Xu Y C,Chen J F. 2004. The discussion on Anoxic environments and its geochemical identifying indices. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 22(2): 365-372]
[21] 王爱华. 1996. 不同形态锶钡比的沉积环境判别效果比较. 沉积学报, 14(4): 168-173.
[Wang A H. 1996. Discriminant effect of sedimentary environment by the Sr/Ba ratio of different exising forms. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 14(4): 168-173]
[22] 王飞,马占荣,蒲仁海,张才利. 2019. 河套盆地吉兰泰地区白垩系地层划分及地质特征. 西安科技大学学报, 39(4): 656-664.
[Wang F,Ma Z R,Pu R H,Zhang C L. 2019. Division of Cretaceous strata and analysis of geological characteristics in the Jilantai area of Hetao Basin. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 39(4): 656-664]
[23] 吴兆剑,韩效忠,林中湘,李紫楠,季辉,殷栋法,蒋喆,胡航. 2020. 中国北方主要中新生代盆地构造沉积气候演化及其成煤、铀意义. 大地构造与成矿学, 44(4): 710-724.
[Wu Z J,Han X Z,Lin Z X,Li Z N,Ji H,Yin D F,Jiang Z,Hu H. 2020. Tectonic,sedimentary,and climate evolution of Meso-Cenozoic Basins in North China and its significance of coal accumulation and uranium mineralization. Geotectonicac et Metallogenia, 44(4): 710-724]
[24] 许欢,柳永清. 2017. 华北北部侏罗—白垩过渡期陆相红层及其古地理、古生态和构造演化. 地球学报,38(增刊1): 25-28.
[Xu H,Liu Y Q. 2017. Jurassic-Cretaceous transition terrestrial red beds in northern North China and their regional paleogeography,paleoecology,and tectonic evolution. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,38(supp.1): 25-28]
[25] 杨兴莲,朱茂炎,赵元龙,张俊明,郭庆军,李丙霞. 2007. 黔东前寒武纪—寒武纪转换时期微量元素地球化学特征研究. 地质学报, 81(10): 1391-1397.
[Yang X L,Zhu M Y,Zhao Y L,Zhang J M,Guo Q J,Li B X. 2007. Trace element geochemical characteristics from the Ediacaran Cambrian transition interval in Eastern Guizhou,South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 81(10): 1391-1397]
[26] 曾艳,陈敬安,朱正杰,李键. 2011. 湖泊沉积物Rb/Sr比值在古气候/古环境研究中的应用与展望. 地球科学进展, 26(8): 805-810.
[Zeng Y,Chen J A,Zhu Z J,Li J. 2011. Advance and porspective of Rb/Sr ratios in lake sediments as an index of paleoclimate/paleoenvironment. Advances in Earth Science, 26(8): 805-810]
[27] 张昊址. 2015. 河套盆地临河坳陷油气成藏. 安石油大学硕士学位论文.
[Zhang H Z. 2015. Research of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Linhe depression of Hetao Basin. Masteral dissertation of Xi'an Shiyou University]
[28] 张锐锋,何海清,陈树光,李国欣,刘喜恒,郭绪杰,王少春,范土芝,王会来,刘静,曹兰柱. 2020. 河套盆地临河坳陷石油地质新认识与重大发现. 中国石油勘探, 25(6): 1-12.
[Zhang R F,He H Q,Chen S G,Li G X,Liu X H,Guo X J,Wang S C,Fan T Z,Wang H L,Liu J,Cao L Z. 2020. New understandings of petroleum geology and great discovery in the Linhe depression,Hetao Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 25(6): 1-12]
[29] 张锐锋,于福生,刘喜恒,刘静,陈树光,吴晨林,王逸群,王盛亮. 2021. 河套盆地临河坳陷及其周边地区中—新生代成盆演化特征. 石油与天然气地质, 41(6): 1139-1150.
[Zhang R F,Yu F S,Liu X H,Liu J,Chen S G,Wu C L,Wang Y Q,Wang S L. 2021. Evolutionary characteristics of Linhe Depression and its surrounding areas in Hetao Basin from the Mesozoic to Cenozoic. Oil and Gas Geology, 41(6): 1139-1150]
[30] 张以明,张锐锋,王少春,刘喜恒,李拥军,刘静,王会来,汪剑,吴晨林,淡伟宁. 2018. 河套盆地临河坳陷油气勘探重要发现的实践与认识. 中国石油勘探, 23(5): 1-11.
[Zhang Y M,Zhang R F,Wang S C,Liu X H,Li Y J,Liu J,Wang H L,Wang J,Wu C L,Dan W N. 2018. Practice and understanding of great discovery in oil and gas exploration in Linhe depression of Hetao Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 23(5): 1-11]
[31] 赵重远,郭忠铭,惠斌耀. 1984. 河套弧形构造体系及其形成和演化机制. 石油天然气地质, 5(4): 349-361.
[Zhao C Y,Guo Z M,Hui B Y. 1984. Hetao arcuate tectonic system and their mechanism of formation and evolution. Oil and Gas Geology, 5(4): 349-361]
[32] 赵衡,张进,曲军峰,张北航,牛鹏飞,惠洁,云龙,李岩峰,王艳楠,张义平. 2020. 阿拉善地块东缘新生代中新世挤压变形及动力学背景. 地球科学, 45(4): 1337-1361.
[Zhao H,Zhang J,Qu J F,Zhang B H,Niu P F,Hui J,Yun L,Li Y F,Wang Y N,Zhang Y P. 2020. Characteristics and dynamic background of Cenozoic compressive structures in eastern margin of Alxa Block. Earth Science, 45(4): 1337-1361]
[33] 赵孟为. 1988. 河套盆地断裂活动的特征及其与油气的关系. 西北大学学报, 18(2): 85-94.
[Zhao M W. 1988. Characteristics of the fault activity in Hetao Basin and its relation with oil and gas. Journal of Northwest University, 18(2): 85-94]
[34] Jones B,Manning D A C. 1994. Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones. Chemical Geology, 111: 111-129.
[35] Darby B J,Ritts B D. 2002. Mesozoic contractional deformation in the middle of the Asian tectonic collage: the intraplate Western Ordos fold-thrust belt,China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,205(1-2): 13-24.
[36] Darby B J,Ritts B D. 2007. Mesozoic structural architecture of the Lang Shan,North-Central China: intraplate contraction,extension,and synorogenic sedimentation. Journal of Structural Geology, 29: 2006-2016.
[37] Zhang K J. 2004. Secular geochemical variations of the Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic rocks from central Tibet(China)indicate a tectonic transition from continental collision to back-arc rifting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229: 73-89.
[38] Zhang K J. 2012. Destruction of the North China Craton: lithosphere folding-induced removal of lithospheric mantle? Journal of Geodynamics, 53: 8-17.
[39] Zhang J,Li J Y,Xiao W X,Li Y F,Liu J F,Qu J F. 2014. Mesozoic-Cenozoic multi-stage intraplate deformations in the Langshan region and their tectonic implication. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88(1): 78-102.