Application of high resolution sequence stratigraphy to determination of key intervals in Beibuwan Basin
SUN Xiaohan1, QU Hongjun1, HUANG Suwei2, WU Longfa1, YANG Bo1, YAO Tianxing1
1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China; 2 Exploration and Development Research Institute,Shanghai Offshore Oil & Gas Branch,SINOPEC,Shanghai 200120,China
Abstract：Beibu Gulf Basin is one of the five major oil-bearing basins in the north of the South China Sea, with great potential for oil and gas resources and good exploration prospects. However, little research has been done on the thick Weizhou Formation in the Haizhong Depression, the third-level structural unit of the Beibu Gulf Basin. This significantlyhinders the hydrocarbon exploration in the Haizhong Depression. High resolution sequence stratigraphy is an effective method for stratigraphic division in geographic exploration frontiers. Using 3D seismic, well logs and core data, and on the basis of identification of second-order and third-order sequence boundaries on seismic profiles and wells, this paper uses maximum entropy spectral analysis, wavelet transform analysis and core analysis methods to identify and subdivide the high-resolution sequences of the Weizhou Formation. The results show that the maximum entropy spectral analysis has high resolution for third-order and fourth-order sequence boundaries; wavelet transform can analyze fourth to sixth order cycles and higher order cycles; Core data can be used for short-term and ultra-short-term cycle analysis. Based on 3D seismic, well logging, maximum entropy spectral analysis, wavelet transform technology and core data, the Weizhou Formation can be divided into 1 second-order sequence that includes 6 third-order sequences, which are in turn composed of 13 fourth-order sequences. According to the comparison of 13 fourth-order sequences, the highest sand ratio occurs in SQ6 LST , which is followed by SQ6 HST, suggesting great exploration potential. This study indicates that high resolution sequence stratigraphy of multi-scale and multi-method has certain guiding significance for screening key intervals in depression with low degree of exploration.
SUN Xiaohan,QU Hongjun,HUANG Suwei et al. Application of high resolution sequence stratigraphy to determination of key intervals in Beibuwan Basin[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(2): 308-325.
[1] 陈梅,施小斌,任自强,徐子英,刘凯,刘航. 2019. 南海西北部沉积盆地晚新生代沉降、沉积特征: 对深部异常过程的响应. 地球物理学报, 62(2): 587-603. [Chen M,Shi X B,Ren Z Q,Xu Z Y,Liu K,Liu H.2019. Late Cenozoic subsidence and sedimentary features of the basins in the northwestern South China Sea: implications for the development of the deep anomalous progress. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 62(2): 587-603] [2] 陈树光,任建业,张建丽,柴浩栋,赵宏梅. 2015. INPEFA技术在滩坝砂体层序划分中的应用. 大庆石油地质与开发, 34(3): 9-15. [Chen S G,Ren J Y,Zhang J L,Chai H D,Zhao H M.2015. Application of inpefa technique in the sequence division of the beach-bar sandbodies. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 34(3): 9-15] [3] 邓宏文. 1995. 美国层序地层研究中的新学派: 高分辨率层序地层学. 石油与天然气地质, 16(2): 89-97. [Deng H W.1995. A new school of thought in sequence stratigraphic studies in U. S.: high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. Oil & Gas Geology, 16(2): 89-97] [4] 邓宏文. 2009. 高分辨率层序地层学应用中的问题探析. 古地理学报, 11(5): 471-480. [Deng H W.2009. Discussion on problems of applying high resolution sequence stratigraphy. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 11(5): 471-480] [5] 杜振川,魏魁生. 2001. 南海北部湾盆地北部凹陷涠洲组层序地层格架及特征. 沉积学报, 19(4): 563-568. [Du Z C,Wei K S.2001. Sequence stratigraphic framework and its characteristics of the Weizhou formation in north sag of Beibuwan Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 19(4): 563-568] [6] 房文静. 2007. 测井多尺度分析方法及应用研究. 中国石油大学(华东)博士学位论文:18-62. [Fang W J.2007. Research on multi-scale analysis and its application to well logging. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Petroleum(East China):18-62] [7] 付超,于兴河,李胜利,李顺利,高明轩,彭子霄,赵海权. 2022. 差异可容纳空间背景下湖相层序样式与三角洲形态响应: 鄱阳湖与岱海湖对比研究. 古地理学报, 24(6): 1084-1098. [Fu C,Yu X H,Li S L,Li S L,Gao M X,Peng Z X,Zhao H Q.2022. Lacustrine sequence patterns under different accommodation space settings and the responding delta morphology: a comparison of Poyang Lake and Daihai Lake. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 24(6): 1084-1098] [8] 高达,林畅松,胡明毅,黄理力. 2016. 利用自然伽马能谱测井识别碳酸盐岩高频层序: 以塔里木盆地塔中地区T1井良里塔格组为例. 沉积学报, 34(4): 707-715. [Gao D,Lin C S,Hu M Y,Huang L L.2016. Using spectral gamma ray log to recognize high-frequency sequences in carbonate strata: a case study from the Lianglitage Formation from Well T1 in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 34(4): 707-715] [9] 高迪,郭变青,邵龙义,李柱,田野. 2012. 基于MATLAB的小波变换在沉积旋回研究中的应用. 物探化探计算技术, 34(4): 444-448,368. [Gao D,Guo B Q,Shao L Y,Li Z,Tian Y.2012. Application of wavelet transform in sedimentary cycle research based on Matlab. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 34(4): 444-448,368] [10] 顾家裕,张兴阳. 2004. 陆相层序地层学进展与在油气勘探开发中的应用. 石油与天然气地质, 25(5): 484-490. [Gu J Y,Zhang X Y.2004. Progress in continental sequence stratigraphy and its application in petroleum exploration and development. Oil & Gas Geology, 25(5): 484-490] [11] 顾家裕,郭彬程,张兴阳. 2005. 中国陆相盆地层序地层格架及模式. 石油勘探与开发, 32(5): 11-15. [Gu J Y,Guo B C,Zhang X Y.2005. Sequence stratigraphic framework and model of the continental basins in China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 32(5): 11-15] [12] 胡爱玉. 2017. 北部湾盆地海中凹陷地层特征地震识别研究. 石油物探, 56(2): 240-249. [Hu A Y.2017. Strata identification through seismic technology in Haizhong Sag of Beibu Gulf Basin. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 56(2): 240-249] [13] 胡笙,谭秀成,罗冰,张本健,张亚,苏成鹏,芦飞凡,李明隆. 2020. 四川盆地西北部二叠系栖霞阶层序地层特征及地质意义. 古地理学报, 22(6): 1109-1126. [Hu S,Tan X C,Luo B,Zhang B J,Zhang Y,Su C P,Lu F F,Li M L.2020. Sequence stratigraphic characteristics and geological significance of the Permian Qixia Stage in northwestern Sichuan Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 22(6): 1109-1126] [14] 姜在兴. 2012. 层序地层学研究进展: 国际层序地层学研讨会综述. 地学前缘, 19(1): 1-9. [Jiang Z X.2012. Advances in sequence stratigraphy: a summary from International Workshop on Sequence Stratigraphy. Earth Science Frontiers, 19(1): 1-9] [15] 金之钧,范国章,刘国臣. 1999. 一种地层精细定年的新方法. 地球科学, 24(4): 379-382. [Jin Z J,Fan G Z,Liu G C.1999. A new method for accurate dating of strata. Earth Science, 24(4): 379-382] [16] 康西栋,赵文翠,潘治贵,张启明,陈志勇. 1994. 北部湾盆地层序地层格架及其内部构成. 地球科学, 19(4): 493-502. [Kang X D,Zhao W C,Pan Z G,Zhang Q M,Chen Z Y.1994. Study on architecture of sequence stratigraphic framework of Beibuwan Basin. Earth Science, 19(4): 493-502] [17] 李春荣,张功成,梁建设,赵志刚,徐建永. 2012. 北部湾盆地断裂构造特征及其对油气的控制作用. 石油学报, 33(2): 195-203. [Li C R,Zhang G C,Liang J S,Zhao Z G,Xu J Y.2012. Characteristics of fault structure and its control on hydrocarbons in the Beibuwan Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 33(2): 195-203] [18] 李凤杰,王多云. 2006. 鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组高分辨率层序地层学研究. 天然气地球科学, 17(3): 339-344. [Li F J,Wang D Y.2006. The high-resolution sequence stratigraphic feature of Yanchang formation in Xifeng oilfield,Ordos Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 17(3): 339-344] [19] 李江涛,李增学,余继峰,郭建斌,刘晓丽,柳汉丰. 2005. 基于测井数据小波变换的层序地层对比: 以鲁西和济阳地区石炭、二叠系含煤地层为例. 沉积学报, 23(4): 639-645. [Li J T,Li Z X,Yu J F,Guo J B,Liu X L,Liu H F.2005. Stratigraphic Sequence Correlation based on wavelet transform of well-logging data: taking the coal-bearing strata of Permo-Carboniferous system in Luxi and Jiyang Area as an example. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 23(4): 639-645] [20] 李庆谋,刘少华. 2002. 地球物理测井序列的小波波谱方法. 地球物理学进展, 17(1): 78-83,101. [Li Q M,Liu S H.2002. Wavelet scalogram and application for geophysical well. Progress in Geophysics, 17(1): 78-83,101] [21] 李上卿,牛华伟,郑军,江平,黄建军. 2012. 北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷与海中凹陷古近纪沉积关系探讨. 海洋石油, 32(1): 1-6. [Li S Q,Niu H W,Zheng J,Jiang P,Huang J J.2012. Discussion on sedimentary relationship between weixinan sag and Haizhong sag during Paleogene period in Beibuwan Basin. Offshore Oil, 32(1): 1-6] [22] 李友川,王柯,兰蕾. 2020. 北部湾盆地主要凹陷油气差异性及其控制因素. 中国海上油气, 32(5): 1-8. [Li Y C,Wang K,Lan L.2020. Oil and gas differences and their controlling factors of the main sags in the Beibuwan Basin. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 32(5): 1-8] [23] 刘贤,葛家旺,赵晓明,阴国峰,周雪松,王建伟,代茂林,孙莉,范廷恩. 2022. 东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷渐新统花港组年代标尺及层序界面定量识别. 石油与天然气地质, 43(4): 990-1004. [Liu X,Ge J W,Zhao X M,Yin G F,Zhou X S,Wang J W,Dai M L,Sun L,Fan T E.2022. Time scale and quantitative identification of sequence boundaries for the Oligocene Huagang Formation in the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 43(4): 990-1004] [24] 刘招君,董清水,王嗣敏. 2002. 陆相层序地层学导论与应用. 北京: 石油工业出版社,39-50. [Liu Z J,Dong Q S,Wang S M.2002. Introduction and application of continental sequence stratigraphy. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,39-50] [25] 卢伟,李国福. 2018. 最大熵谱分解结合小波变换技术在层序地层划分中的应用. 油气藏评价与开发, 8(1): 1-3,11. [Lu W,Li G F.2018. Application of maximum entropy spectrum decomposition combined with wavelet transform in the division of sequence stratigraphy. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 8(1): 1-3,11] [26] 路顺行,张红贞,孟恩,孙效功. 2007. 运用INPEFA技术开展层序地层研究. 石油地球物理勘探, 42(6): 703-708,733,609. [Lu S X,Zhang H Z,Meng E,Sun X G.2007. Application of INPEFA technique to carry out sequence-stratigraphic study. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 42(6): 703-708,733,609] [27] 马云,李三忠,张丙坤,龚淑云,刘鑫,余珊,王霄飞,赵淑娟. 2013. 北部湾盆地不整合面特征及构造演化. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 33(2): 63-72. [Ma Y,Li S Z,Zhang B K,Gong S Y,Liu X,Yu S,Wang X F,Zhao S J.2013. Unconformities in the Beibuwan Basin and their implications for tectonic evolution. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 33(2): 63-72] [28] 孙延奎. 2005. 小波分析及其应用. 北京: 机械工业出版社,159-202. [Sun Y K.2005. Wavelet Analysis and Its Application. Beijing: China Machine Press,159-202] [29] 王贵文,邓清平,唐为清. 2002. 测井曲线谱分析方法及其在沉积旋回研究中的应用. 石油勘探与开发, 29(1): 93-95. [Wang G W,Deng Q P,Tang W Q.2002. The application of spectral analysis of logs in depositional cycle studies. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 29(1): 93-95] [30] 王鸿祯,史晓颖. 1998. 沉积层序及海平面旋回的分类级别: 旋回周期的成因讨论. 现代地质, 12(1): 1-16. [Wang H Z,Shi X Y.1998. Hierarchy of depositional sequences and eustatic cycles: A discussion on the mechanism of sedimentary cycles. Geoscience, 12(1): 1-16] [31] 武龙发,屈红军,黄苏卫,封从军,姚天星,姚兴宗. 2023. 北部湾盆地海中凹陷涠三段沉积体系与沉积模式. 天然气地球科学, 34(2): 312-325. [Wu L F,Qu H J,Huang S W,Feng C J,Yao T X,Yao X Z.2023. Depositional systems and model of the third member of Weizhou Formation in Haizhong Sag,Beibuwan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 34(2): 312-325] [32] 席敏红,张萍,沈传波,张佰涛,王修平. 2014. 北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近纪原型结构分析. 海洋石油, 34(2): 13-19. [Xi M H,Zhang P,Shen C B,Zhang B T,Wang X P.2014. Analysis of Paleogene prototype basin in northern depression of Beibuwan Basin. Offshore Oil, 34(2): 13-19] [33] 辛福东,许浩,汤达祯,孙昌花,任鹏飞,曹立坤. 2018. 基于小波变换的黔西北地区龙潭组煤系地层层序划分. 油气地质与采收率, 25(1): 49-55. [Xin F D,Xu H,Tang D Z,Sun C H,Ren P F,Cao L K.2018. Sequence division of Longtan coal measure strata based on wavelet transform in northwestern Guizhou. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 25(1): 49-55] [34] 徐建永,张功成,梁建设,杨海长,赵志刚,李建红. 2011. 北部湾盆地古近纪幕式断陷活动规律及其与油气的关系. 中国海上油气, 23(6): 362-368. [Xu J Y,Zhang G C,Liang J S,Yang H C,Zhao Z G,Li J H.2011. Paleogene activities of episodic rifting and their relationships with hydrocarbon in Beibuwan Basin. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 23(6): 362-368] [35] 薛欢欢,李景哲,李恕军,王梦琪,孙中强,于涛. 2015. INPEFA在高分辨率层序地层研究中的应用: 以鄂尔多斯盆地油房庄地区长4+5油组为例. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 45(7): 101-106. [Xue H H,Li J Z,Li S J,Wang M Q,Sun Z Q,Yu T.2015. Application of INPEFA technique to research high resolution sequence stratigraphy: as an example of youfangzhuang area Chang 4+5 in Ordos Basin. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 45(7): 101-106] [36] 颜世永,李月,吴智平,杨希冰,胡林. 2020. 北部湾盆地海中凹陷与涠西南凹陷构造特征及成因机制. 石油学报, 41(6): 711-722. [Yan S Y,Li Y,Wu Z P,Yang X B,Hu L.2020. Structure characteristics and genetic mechanism of Haizhong sag and Weixinan sag in Beibu Gulf Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(6): 711-722] [37] 杨福生. 1999. 小波变换的工程分析与应用. 北京: 科学出版社,31-52. [Yang F S.1999. Engineering Analysis and Application of Wavelet Transform. Beijing: Science Press,31-52] [38] 杨希冰. 2016. 南海北部北部湾盆地油气藏形成条件. 中国石油勘探, 21(4): 85-92. [Yang X B.2016. Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Beibu-gulf Basin,northern South China Sea. China Petroleum Exploration, 21(4): 85-92] [39] 余继峰,李增学. 2003. 测井数据小波变换及其地质意义. 中国矿业大学学报, 32(3): 336-339. [Yu J F,Li Z X.2003. Wavelet transform of logging data and its geological significance. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 32(3): 336-339] [40] 张佰涛,唐金炎,王文军,尹春蕾. 2014. 北部湾盆地北部坳陷构造: 沉积特征及其演化. 海洋石油, 34(2): 7-12. [Zhang B T,Tang J Y,Wang W J,Yin C L.2014. Characteristics of tectonic sedimentary evolution in northern depression of Beibuwan Basin. Offshore Oil, 34(2): 7-12] [41] 张强,吴智平,颜世永,刘一鸣,平明明,张勐,胡林,张毅. 2018. 北部湾盆地北部坳陷古近系构造发育特征及其对沉积的控制作用. 高校地质学报, 24(6): 787-799. [Zhang Q,Wu Z P,Yan S Y,Liu Y M,Ping M M,Zhang M,Hu L,Zhang Y.2018. Structural characteristics of the Paleogene in the northern depression,Beibuwan Basin and their control on the sedimentary fill. Geological Journal of China Universities, 24(6): 787-799] [42] 张智武,刘志峰,张功成,赵志刚,徐建永. 2013. 北部湾盆地裂陷期构造及演化特征. 石油天然气学报, 35(1): 6-10,172. [Zhang Z W,Liu Z F,Zhang G C,Zhao Z G,Xu J Y.2013. The chasmic stage and structural evolution features of Beibuwan Basin. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 35(1): 6-10,172] [43] 赵志刚,吴景富,李春荣. 2013. 北部湾盆地洼陷优选与油气分布. 石油实验地质, 35(3): 285-290,295. [Zhao Z G,Wu J F,Li C R.2013. Sub-sag sorting and petroleum distribution in Beibuwan Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 35(3): 285-290,295] [44] 郑军,陈平,杜学斌. 2013. 北部湾盆地西部地区涠洲组层序及沉积体系分析. 海洋石油, 33(2): 1-7. [Zheng J,Chen P,Du X B.2013. The sequence and depositional system of Weizhou formation in the weixinan sag,Beibuwan Basin. Offshore Oil, 33(2): 1-7] [45] 郑荣才,尹世民,彭军. 2000. 基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析. 沉积学报, 18(3): 369-375. [Zheng R C,Yin S M,Peng J.2000. Sedimentary dynamic analysis of sequence structure and stacking pattern of base-level cycle. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 18(3): 369-375] [46] 郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容. 2001. 陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义. 沉积学报, 19(2): 249-255. [Zheng R C,Peng J,Wu C R.2001. Grade division of base-level cycles of terrigenous basin and its implications. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 19(2): 249-255] [47] 周亚伟,杜玉洪,谢俊,郭发军,张淑娟. 2021. INPEFA技术与小波变换在层序地层划分中的应用与对比: 以饶阳凹陷大王庄地区东营组三段为例. 中国科技论文, 16(5): 494-501. [Zhou Y W,Du Y H,Xie J,Guo F J,Zhang S J.2021. Application and comparison of INPEFA technique and wavelet transform in sequence stratigraphic division: a case study in the third member of Dongying formation in Dawangzhuang area,Raoyang sag. China Sciencepaper, 16(5): 494-501] [48] 朱剑兵. 2012. 基于最大熵谱估计的沉积旋回划分方法探讨. 岩性油气藏, 24(2): 67-71. [Zhu J B.2012. Division of sedimentary cycle sequences based on maximum entropy spectrum estimation. Lithologic Reservoirs, 24(2): 67-71] [49] 朱剑兵,赵培坤. 2005. 利用测井曲线活度划分准层序. 新疆石油地质, 26(4): 426-427,436. [Zhu J B,Zhao P K.2005. Application of well log activity curve to parasequence classification. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 26(4): 426-427,436] [50] 朱筱敏,康安,王贵文. 2003. 陆相坳陷型和断陷型湖盆层序地层样式探讨. 沉积学报, 21(2): 283-287. [Zhu X M,Kang A,Wang G W.2003. Sequence stratigraphic models of depression and faulted-down lake basins. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 21(2): 283-287] [51] Cross T A,Baler M R,Chapin M A,Clark,M S,Gardner.1992. Application of high resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis. Subsurface Reservoir Characterization from Outcrop Observations. Paris: Technip, 51: 11-33. [52] Daubechies I.1990. The wavelet transform,time-frequency localization and signal analysis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 36: 961-1005. [53] Djin Nio S,Brouwer J H,Smith D,de Jong M,Böhm A R.2005. Spectral trend attribute analysis: applications in the stratigraphic analysis of wireline logs. First Break, 23: 71-75. [54] Goldhammer R K,Dunn P A,Hardie L A.1990. Depositional cycles,composite sea-level changes,cycle stacking patterns,and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102: 535-562. [55] Kadkhodaie A,Rezaee R.2017. Intelligent sequence stratigraphy through a wavelet-based decomposition of well log data. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 40: 38-50. [56] Li Z D,Li M,Liu Y.2013. The meaning of wavelet transform in high resolution sequence stratigraphy study. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 411-414: 3035-3038. [57] Prokoph A,Barthelmes F.1996. Detection of nonstationarities in geological time series: wavelet transform of chaotic and cyclic sequences. Computers & Geosciences, 22: 1097-1108. [58] Schwarzacher W.1993. Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory. Amsterdam: Elsevier,255. [59] Thomson D J.1982. Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE, 70: 1055-1096. [60] Vail P R.1991. The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedeimentology: an overview. Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy: 617-659. [61] Wang R,Xie J,Ran A H,Wang S C,Wang J K,Hu X,Cai W C,Zhou Y W.2022. Comparison of INPEFA technology and wavelet transform in sequence stratigraphic division of mixed reservoir: a case study of lower Es3 of KL oilfield in Laizhouwan Sag. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 12: 3213-3225. [62] Yuan R,Zhu R,Qu J H,Wu J,You X C,Sun Y Q,Zhou Y N.2018. Utilizing Integrated Prediction Error Filter Analysis(INPEFA)to divide base-level cycle of fan-deltas: a case study of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei Slope Area,Mahu Depression,Junggar Basin,China. Open Geosciences, 10: 79-86.
