A study on the time of bridge sinking into the sea at Qiaotou village in Dongzhai port,northern Hainan Province and slow sinking rate and mechanism of Dongzhai port after Qiongzhou earthquake
XU Qihao
Seismological Bureau of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510070, China
Abstract：The ruins of the Qiaotou village bridge and the strip stone pavement in front of the bridge in Dongzhai port,Northern Hainan Province,are now submerged under the water surface at low tide and covered with mud,with only a small portion exposed. According to genealogical records,tombstone inscriptions,and field investigations,the bridge was still operational 45 years after the Qiongzhou earthquake,specifically in 1650 AD. It indicates that the bridge sank into the sea nearly a century after the 1605 Qiongzhou earthquake. The research shows that since 1650,the ground in Qiaotou village area of Dongzhai port has been subsiding at a rate of no less than 1.5 cm per year according to recent survey in 1984. The survey also shows that in the past 30~40 years,the ground of central and north section of Dongzhai port have slowly subsided at a rate of not less than 1 cm/a. The sinking rate was likely higher in the early period following the Qiongzhou earthquake. This paper roughly estimates that the amplitude of coseismic subsidence of this earthquake may reach about 2~3 m. The paper discusses the mechanisms behind slow subsidence after the earthquake,attributing it to persistent intense activity beneath the crust due to mantle plume uplifts,crustal stretching,and fracturing,accompanied by multiple volcanic activities or eruptions over various geological periods since the Cenozoic. Prior to the earthquake,the crust of northeastern Hainan,had been uplifting for thousands of years,accumulating significant energy and forming sub-crustal hotspots. The reduction in friction on the fault surfaces due to groundwater penetration into the tension fractures initiated the land subsidence,culminating in a significant earthquake that caused extensive land to sink into the sea. After earthquake,the residual energy continuous to stretch the fault,resulting in continuous graben type settlement of crust in Dongzhai port. The rapid and continuous penetration of seawater into the fault during and after the earthquake reduced the friction force on the fracture surface,stabilizing the post-seismic fault movement. These factors are considered the primary reasons for the prolonged,significant subsidence of Dongzhai port for centuries following the earthquake. Connecting to the historical context,Dongzhai port has undergone transformations from land to sea and back,a process that has continued from the Late Pleistocene and possibly up to the Early Holocene.
XU Qihao. A study on the time of bridge sinking into the sea at Qiaotou village in Dongzhai port,northern Hainan Province and slow sinking rate and mechanism of Dongzhai port after Qiongzhou earthquake[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(3): 725-752.
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