Fine-grained gravity flow deposits and their significance for shale oil within high-accommodation sequences in faulted and down-warped lacustrine basins of China
FENG Youliang1, ZOU Caineng1, YANG Zhi1, JIANG Wenqi2, ZHANG Tianshu1, ZHANG Hong1, LIU Chang1, WANG Xiaoni1
1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China; 2 College of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
Abstract：Gravity flows,including coarse-grained and fine-grained gravity flows,are the most important sedimentation processes in deep-lake environments. Fine-grained gravity flow sediments hold significant potential as unconventional shale oil “sweet spot intervals”. The distribution characteristics of fine-grained gravity flow sediments within sequence stratigraphic frameworks in lacustrine basins are of great significance to the prediction of shale oil “sweet spot intervals”. Through systematic comparative study of gravity flow deposits and sequence frameworks in major lacustrine basins in China,it is found that gravity flow sedimentary systems are mainly deposited in high accommodation sequences. In the lowstand systems tracts(LST)of the faulted/rifted lacustrine basins,coarse-grained gravity flow deposits are developed at proximal sublauctrine fans and thin fine-grained gravity flow sediments are deposited at distal sublaucustrine fans. The distribution of sublacustine fans is controlled by valley and syn-sedimentary structural slope breaks. Fine-grained channel-levee-lobe systems are developed in transgressive systems tracts(TST). Unconfined-channel sublacustrine fans are developed in highstand systems tracts(HST),and fine gravity flow deposits are distributed in distal sublacustrine fans. Large fine-grained channel-levee-lobe systems influenced by flooding occurred in transgressive systems tracts(TST)of down-warped lacustrine basins. On the steeper slope of syn-depositional flexural breaks,fine-grain sublacustrine fan systems are present. Both fine-grained sublacustrine fan systems and fine-grained channel-levee-lobe systems can be deposited in highstand systems tracts(HST)and lowstand systems tracts(LST). Fine-grained gravity flow deposits at distal sublacustrine fans and channel-levee-lobe systems can form “sweet spot intervals” of shale oil. Mudflow deposits form “sweet spot intervals”of foliation type,fine-grained debris flow,fine-grained turbidity current,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow and fine-grained transition flow deposits form “sweet spot intervals”of lamination type and bedding type,while fine-grained concentrated density flow deposits only form “sweet spot intervals”of bedding type. Fine-grained gravity flow deposits are favorable “sweet spot intervals” for shale oil exploration and development.
FENG Youliang,ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi et al. Fine-grained gravity flow deposits and their significance for shale oil within high-accommodation sequences in faulted and down-warped lacustrine basins of China[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(4): 941-961.
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