Late Cretaceous aeolian sedimentary association in Gonjo Basin, eastern Tibet: implications for palaeoclimate and palaeogeography
DU Yan1,2, XU Huan1,2, DING Jiaxiang1,2, HE Keheng1,2, ZHAO Xiaoran1,2, XIA Lei3, YUAN Tingyuan2, 4, ZHANG Bihui1,2, LIU Gaozheng1,2
1 College of Earth Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China; 2 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China; 3 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China; 4 College of Ecology and Environment,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China
Abstract：During the Late Cretaceous period,aeolian deposits were widely distributed in East Asia,exhibiting significant zonal variation. However,there are few reports on aeolian deposits in the central region of the Tibet Plateau,which shares the same paleo-latitude as South China. In recent years,previous magnetic stratigraphy studies have redefined the Paleogene aeolian sedimentary age in the Gonjo Basin of eastern Tibet as Late Cretaceous. This finding presents a new opportunity to investigate the palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic conditions prior to the uplift of the Tibet Plateau during this period. The aeolian sedimentary sequence,aeolian interface and sedimentary system of the Gonjo Formation were investigated in detail through field profile investigation,rock and mineral identification using a polarizing microscope,scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The findings indicate that the aeolian sedimentary association of the Gonjo Basin is primarily situated at the base of the Gonjo Formation,predominantly concentrated along the western margin of the basin,and is mainly composed of desert,alluvial fan and fluvial deposits. Aeolian sediments are characterized by large trough,wedge-shaped cross-bedding,and steep-angled plate cross-bedding. Additionally,typical features such as grainflow strata,grainfall laminea,wind-ripple strata and wind-ripple marks are observable within the layers. The clastic particles of the eolian sandstone are primarily medium to fine sand,exhibiting high structural maturity and compositional maturity. The edges of the quartz particles display a “desert varnish” structure. Under a scanning electron microscope,typical crescent and dish-shaped impact craters were observed on the surface of quartz grains,indicating the origin of aeolian deposition. Vertically,the aeolian sedimentary association demonstrates a clear interaction between lower eolian and hydrogenic deposits,with central aeolian deposits prevailing and an increase in upper hydrogenic deposits. This pattern suggests fluctuations in the groundwater level caused by sudden precipitation or flooding in an arid climate context. The formation and evolution of aeolian sediments at the end of the Cretaceous in the Gonjo Basin is closely linked to the “rain shadow” effect resulting from the Late Cretaceous uplift of the Gangdise Mountains,as well as to the global mid-Maastrichtian warming event. These findings are significant for understanding the palaeogeographic patterns and palaeoclimatic conditions preceding the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau at the end of the Cretaceous.
DU Yan,XU Huan,DING Jiaxiang et al. Late Cretaceous aeolian sedimentary association in Gonjo Basin, eastern Tibet: implications for palaeoclimate and palaeogeography[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(6): 1396-1419.
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