Based on the analyses of the pollencharcoal assemblages of sediments from the borehole in the Chaohu Lake，the  vegetation evolution and the climate change in this area since the Holocene have been discussed. The records of the pollencharcoal assemblages show that the vegetation evolution and climate change in  the Chaohu Lake experienced six stages. Namely，the mixed forest of deciduous broadleaf trees and evergreen broadleaf trees with Fagaceae being the main components occupied most areas of the Chaohu Lake during 9870—6040 cal.{a BP}，reflecting a relatively warm and slightly dry climate. During 6040—4860 cal.{a BP}，the climate changed from warm and slightly dry in the former stage to warmmoist condition(Atlantic period)，the vegetation changed to the mixed forest of deciduous broadleaf trees and evergreen broadleaf trees with Quercus，Castanea，Cyclobalanopsis and Castanopsis/Lithocarpus as the main components. During 4860—2170 cal.{a BP}，the records indicate that this area was dominated by  the mixed forest of deciduous broadleaf trees and evergreen broadleaf trees with Quercus as the main components，which reflects a relatively warmdry climate. Interpretation of pollencharcoal assemblages also suggests a drying trend with the decrease in temperature and humidity during this period. An obvious draught event occurred at about  2170 cal.{a BP}. During 2170—1040 cal.{a BP}，the vegetation changed from the mixed forest of deciduous broadleaf trees and evergreen broadleaf trees to the grassland with Gramineae as the main components. This was a climate transition period which was characterized by a  relatively warmwet climate condition. During 1040—200 cal.{a BP}，the vegetation was dominated by the mixed forest of conifers and broadleaf treesgrassland with Pinus，Gramineae being the main components. There were many crops in this stage. The climate was relatively cool and slightly moist in this period. From  200 cal.{a BP} to the present， grasslands occupied most areas around the lake with some conifers and broadleaf trees as the main components，and the climate is relatively warm and moist with some cooldry fluctuations. The high eutrophic status may be caused by human activities in this period.