The gold-bearing quartz vein developed in the Xiajiang Group of Neoproterozoic in southwestern Guizhou Province and western Hunan Province has a great potential. The Xiajiang Group with an abundant gold-bearing quartz vein is named as a set of flysch assemblage containing thickly-bedded sandy-slate, volcanic taffaceous slate, and a few marble, and belongs to a turbidite deposition. In the paper, the authors mainly study the sediment characteristics, lithologic characteristics and geochemical background value of gold of the turbidites in Tianzhu and Jinping counties, Guizhou Province. On the basis of the palaeogeographic pattern of the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikouan (1000Ma-850Ma) in South China, the palaeogeographic evolution and geochemical background of gold-bearing in the stratigraphical units of the Neoproterozoic in southeastern Guizhou Province are analyzed, and the results show that the ore-bearing quartz vein is not only controlled by the shearing zones along the anticline axis, but also the turbidite units containing volcanic taffaceous slate.