太古宙氧气绿洲：地球早期古地理重塑的重要线索

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2015.06.060

摘要
图/表
参考文献 (0)
相关文章 (15)
点击分布统计
下载分布统计

全文: PDF (3157 KB) RICH HTML
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS) 背景资料

摘要

太古宙 (4.03—2.42Ga) 是地壳形成与生物圈确立的主要阶段，以具有高度还原的大气圈为特征。但多年研究的结果表明，即使在缺氧的大气圈之下，分子氧也可能局部聚集在浅水环境中并形成“太古宙氧气绿洲 (Archean oxygen oases) ”。因此，对太古宙氧气绿洲的识别和研究，就成为深入理解大气圈氧气含量上升和生氧光合作用起源的重要线索，也成为近年来前寒武纪沉积学研究中的热点问题之一。尤其值得注意的是，对2.8Ga太古宙海相灰岩、3.46Ga的氧化海洋中形成的原生赤铁矿及3.43Ga叠层石生物礁的探索与解释，已成为识别和研究太古宙氧气绿洲的成功实例。追踪这些开创性的研究，不仅有益于对前寒武纪地球表层环境复杂演变的深入了解和对早期地球的古地理重塑，而且对拓宽沉积学和古地理学的研究范畴具有重要意义。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	梅冥相
	孟庆芬

关键词 ：太古宙, 氧气绿洲, 古地理, 表层环境

Abstract：

Archean Eon (from 4.03 to 2.42Ga) is a major period of crust formation and biosphere establishment，characterized by a highly reducing atmosphere. Substantial amounts of molecular oxygen might have accumulated locally in protected shallow-water environments that favored cyanobacterial productivity and were sufficiently isolated;and this type of protected shallow-water environments results in an “Archean oxygen oases”even though under an anoxic atmosphere. Thus，identification and research of an Archean oxygen oasis become an important clue for the further understanding of the rise of atmospheric oxygen concentration and the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis，which is a hot point of the Precambrian sedimentology. Interestingly and fascinatingly，studies and interpretations on the Archean marine limestones (ca. 2.8Ga), the primary haematite formed in an oxygenated sea (ca. 3.46Ga) and the stromatolite reef (ca. 3.46Ga), become some typically successful examples for the research of the Archean oxygen oases. Tracing these fruitful and starting researches will be propitious to further understanding both the sophisticated evolutionary process of surface environment and its palaeogeographical reconstruction in the early Earth，and are meaningful to broaden the studying domain of sedimentology and palaeogeography.

Key words： Archean oxygen oases palaeogeography surface environment

收稿日期: 2015-05-29 出版日期: 2015-12-01

ZTFLH:

P534

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目 (编号：41472090，40472065，49802012) 资助

作者简介: 梅冥相，男，1965年生，教授，博士生导师，主要从事沉积学和地层学研究工作。E-mail: meimingxiang@263.net

引用本文:

梅冥相,孟庆芬. 太古宙氧气绿洲：地球早期古地理重塑的重要线索[J]. 古地理学报, 2015, 17(6): 719-734.

Mei Mingxiang,Meng Qingfen. Archean oxygen oases: An important clue of palaeogeographical reconstruction in the early Earth[J]. JOPC, 2015, 17(6): 719-734.

链接本文:

http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/gdlxb/CN/10.7605/gdlxb.2015.06.060 或 http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/gdlxb/CN/Y2015/V17/I6/719

冯增昭. 2013. 中国沉积学:第2版[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社.
梅冥相. 2011a. 微生物席沉积学:一个年轻的沉积学分支[J]. 地球科学进展,26(6):586-597.
梅冥相. 2011b. 陆源碎屑岩中微生物诱发的沉积构造的成因类型及其分类体系[J]. 地质论评,57(3):419-436.
梅冥相. 2012. 从生物矿化作用衍生出的有机矿化作用:地球生物学框架下重要的研究主题[J]. 地质论评,58(5):937-951.
梅冥相. 2014. 微生物席的特征和属性:微生物席沉积学的理论基础[J]. 古地理学报,16(3):285-304.
梅冥相,高金汉. 2015. 光合作用起源:一个引人入胜的重大科学命题[J]. 古地理学报,17(5):577-592.
梅冥相,高金汉,孟庆芬,等. 2008. 天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组微指状叠层石及其对1250Ma±叠层石衰减事件的响应[J]. 古地理学报,10(5):495-509.
梅冥相,孟庆芬,刘智荣. 2007. 微生物形成的原生沉积构造研究进展综述[J]. 古地理学报,9(4):353-364.
汤冬杰,史晓颖,蒋干清,等. 2012. 中元古代微指状叠层石:超微组构和有机矿化过程[J]. 地质论评,58(6):1001-1016.
谢树成,殷鸿福,史晓颖,等. 2011. 地球生物学:生物与地球环境的相互作用与协同演化[M]. 北京:科学出版社.
徐桂荣,王永标,龚淑云,等. 2005. 生物与环境的协同演化[M]. 湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
殷鸿福,杨逢清,谢树成,等. 2004. 生物地质学[M]. 湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
章森桂,张允白,严慧君. 2009. “国际地层表”(2008)简介[J]. 地层学杂志,33(1):1-10.
Allwood A C,Grotzinger J P,Knoll A H, et al. 2009. Controls on development and diversity of Early Archean stromatolites[J]. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences,106:9548-9555.
Allwood A C,Walter M R,Kamber B S, et al. 2006. Stromatolite reef from the Early Archaean era of Australia[J]. Nature,441:714-718.
Altermann W. 2008. Accretion,trapping and binding of sediment in Archaean stromatolites:Morphological expression of the antiquity of life[J]. Space Sciences Reviews,135:55-79.
Altermann W,Kazmierczak J,Oren A, et al. 2006. Cyanobacterial calcification and its rock-building potential during 3.5 billion years of Earth history[J]. Geobiology,4: 147-166.
Amthor J E,Grotzinger J P,Schroder S, et al. 2003. Extinction of Cloudina and Nanacalathus at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in Oman[J]. Geology,31:431-434.
Anbar A D,Duan Y,Lyons T W, et al. 2007. A whiff of oxygen before the great oxidation event？[J]. Science,317:1903-1905.
Awramik S M. 2006. Respect for stromatolites[J]. Nature,441:700-701.
Barley M E,Bekker A,Krapez B. 2005. Late Archean to early Paleoproterozoic global tectonics,environmental change and the rise of atmospheric oxygen[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,238:156-171.
Batchelor M,Burne R,Henry B, et al. 2005. Statistical physics and stromatolite growth:New perspectives on an ancient dilemma[J]. Physica A,350:6-11.
Berman R G,Sanborne-Barrie M,Rayner N, et al. 2010. Petrological and in situ SHRIMP geochronological constraints on the tectonometamorphic evolution of the Committee Bay belt,Rae Province,Nunavut[J]. Precambrian Research,181:1-20.
Bevacqua D C,Watanabe Y,Ohmoto H. 2006. Origin of hematite in the 3.46 Gyr Towers formation[J]. Astrobiology,6:230-236.
Blank C E,Snchez-Baracaldo P. 2010. Timing of morphological and ecological innovations in the Cyanobacteria:A key to understanding the rise in atmospheric oxygen[J]. Geobiology,8:1-23.
Bosak T,Bush J W M,Flynn M R, et al. 2010. Formation and stability of oxygen-rich bubbles that shape photosynthetic mats[J]. Geobiology,8:45-55.
Bosak T,Liang B,Sim M S, et al. 2009. Morphological record of oxygenic photosynthesis in conical stromatolites[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,106:10939-10943.
Bowring S A,Grotzinger J P,Condon D J, et al. 2007. Geochronologic constraints on the chronostratigraphic framework of the Neoproterozoic Huqf Supergroup,Sultanate of Oman [J]. American Journal of Science,307:1097-1145.
Buick R. 1992. The antiquity of oxygenic photosynthesis:Evidence from stromatolites in sulfate-deficient Archaean lakes[J]. Science,255:74-77.
Buick R. 2008. When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve？[J]. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society B,363:2731-2743.
Campbell I H,Allen C. 2008. Formation of supercontinents linked to increases in atmospheric oxygen[J]. Nature Geoscience,1:554-558.
Canfield D E. 2005. The early history of atmospheric oxygen:Homage to Robert M Garrels[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science,33:1-36.
Catling D C,Zahnle K J,McKay C P. 2001. Biogenic methane,hydrogen escape,and the irreversible oxidation of early Earth[J]. Science,293:839-843.
Condie K C,O'Neill C,Aster R C. 2009. Evidence and implications for a widespread magmatic shutdown for 250 Myr on Earth[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,282:294-298.
Crowe S A,Dssing L N,Beukes N J, et al. 2013. Atmospheric oxygenation three billion years ago[J]. Nature, 501:535-539.
Czaja A D,Johnson C M,Roden E E, et al. 2012. Evidence for free oxygen in the Neoarchean ocean based on coupled iron-molybdenum isotope fractionation[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,86:118-137.
des Marais D J. 2001. Isotopic evolution of the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the Precambrian[J]. Review of Mineralogy and Geochemistry,43:555-578.
dos Santos T J S,Fetter A H,van Schmus R, et al. 2009. Evidence for 2.35-2.30Ga juvenile crustal growth in the northwest Borborema Province,NE Brazil [M]. In:Reddy S M,Mazumder R,Evans D A D, et al(eds). Paleoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution. Geological Society Special Publication,323:271-282.
Dupraz C,Reid R P,Braissant O, et al. 2009. Processes of carbonate precipitation in modern microbial mats[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,96:141-162.
Eigenbrode J L,Freeman K H,Summons R E. 2008. Methylhopane biomarker hydrocarbons in Hamersley Province sediments provide evidence for Neoarchean aerobiosis[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,273:323-331.
Ernst W G. 2009. Archean plate tectonics,rise of Proterozoic supercontinentality and onset of regional episodic stagnant-lid behavior[J]. Gondwana Research,15:243-253.
Farquhar J,Zerkle A,Bekker A. 2010. Geological constraints on the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis[J]. Photosynthesis Research,89:1-26.
Fischer A G. 1965. Fossils,early life,and atmospheric history[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,53:1205-1215.
Fralick P W,Hollings P,King D. 2008. Stratigraphy,geochemistry and depositional environments of Mesoarchean sedimentary units in Western Superior Province:Implications for generation of early crust [J]. In:Condie K C,Pease V(eds). When did Plate Tectonics Begin on Planet Earth？ Geological Society of America Special Paper,440:77-96.
Frei R,Gaucher C,Poulton S W,et al. 2009. Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes[J]. Nature,461:250-253.
Goldblatt C,Lenton T M,Watson A J. 2006. Biostability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation[J]. Nature,443:683-686.
Grotzinger J P,Rothman D H. 1996. An abiotic model for stromatolite morphogenesis[J]. Nature,383:423-425.
Hayes J M. 1983. Geochemical Evidence Bearing on the Origin of Aerobiosis,a Speculative Hypothesis[M]. In:Schopf J W(ed). Earth's Earliest Biosphere,Its Origin and Evolution. Princeton:Princeton University Press,291-301.
Hayes J M. 1994. Global Methanotrophy at the Archean-Proterozoic Transition [M]. In:Bengtson S(ed). Early life on Earth:Nobel Symposium No.84. New York:Columbia University Press,220-236.
Herzog R E,Shi Q,Patil J N, et al. 1989. Magnetic water treatment:The effect of iron on calcium carbonate nucleation and growth[J]. Langmuir,5:861-867.
Hoashi M,Bevacqua D C,Otake T, et al. 2009. Primary haematite formation in an oxygenated sea 3.46 billion years ago[J]. Nature Geosciences,2:301-306.
Holland H D. 2006. The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans[J]. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society B,361:903-915.
Holland H D. 2009. Why the atmosphere became oxygenated:A proposal[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73:5241-5255.
Hren M T,Tice M M,Chamberlain C P. 2009. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for a temperate climate 3.42 billion years ago[J]. Nature,462:205-208.
Kasting J F. 1992. Models Relating to Proterozoic Atmospheric and Oceanicchemistry[M]. In:Schopf J W,Klein C(eds). The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multi-disciplinary Study. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1185-1187.
Kasting J F,Catling D. 2003. Evolution of a habitable planet[J]. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics,41:429-463.
Kato Y,Nakamura K. 2003. Origin and global tectonic significance of Early Archean cherts from the Marble Bar greenstone belt,Pilbara Craton,Western Australia[J]. Precambrian Research,125:191-243.
Kirschvink J L,Gaidos E J,Bertani L E, et al. 2000. Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth:Extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,97:1400-1405.
Konhauser K O,Pecoits E,Lalonde S V, et al. 2009. Oceanic nickel depletion and a methanogen famine before the Great Oxidation Event[J]. Nature,458:750-753.
Kopp R E,Kirschvink J L,Hilburn I A, et al. 2005. The Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth:A climate disaster triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,102:11131-11136.
Kump L R, Barley M E. 2007. Increased subaerial volcanism and the rise of atmospheric oxygen 2.5 billion years ago[J]. Nature,448:1033-1036.
Lindsay J F,Brasier M D. 2002. Did global tectonics drive early biosphere evolution？Carbon isotope record from 2.6 Ga to 1.9Ga carbonates of Western Australian basins[J]. Precambrian Research,114:1-34.
Lowe D R. 1994. Abiological origin of described stromatolites older than 3.2Ga[J]. Geology,22:387-390.
MacGregor A R. 1927. The problem of the Precambrian atmosphere[J]. South African Journal of Sciences,24:155-172.
Mata S A,Harwood C L,Corsetti F A, et al. 2012. Influence of gas production and filament orientation on stromatolite microfabric[J]. Palaios,27:206-219.
Melezhik V A. 2006. Multiple causes of Earth's earliest global glaciation[J]. Terra Nova,18:130-137.
Nisbet E G,Grassineau N V,Howe C J, et al. 2007. The age of Rubisco:The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis[J]. Geobiology,5:311-335.
Noffke N,Beukes N,Bower D, et al. 2008. An actualistic perspective into Archean worlds:(Cyano-)Bacterially induced sedimentary structures in the siliciclastic Nhlazatse Section 2.9 Pongola Supergroup,South Africa[J]. Geobiology,6:5-20.
Ohmoto H. 2003. Non-redox transformations of magnetite-hematite in hydrothermal systems[J]. Economic Geology,98:157-161.
Ohmoto H,Watanabe Y,Kumazawa K. 2004. Evidence from massive siderite beds for a CO₂-rich atmosphere before～1.8 billion years ago[J]. Nature,429:395-399.
Olson J M,Blankenship R E. 2004. Thinking about the evolution of photosynthesis[J]. Photosynthesis Research,80:373-386.
Olson S L,Kump L R,Kasting J F. 2013. Quantifying the areal extent and dissolved oxygen concentrations of Archean oxygen oases[J]. Chemistry Geology,362:35-43.
Otake T,Wesolowski D J,Anovitz L A, et al. 2007. Experimental evidence for non-redox transformations between magnetite and hematite under H₂-rich hydrothermal conditions[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,257:60-70.
Pavlov A E,Kasting J F. 2002. Mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in Archean sediments:Strong evidence for an anoxic Archean atmosphere[J]. Astrobiology,2:27-41.
Petroff A P,Sim M S,Maslov A, et al. 2010. Biophysical basis for the geometry of conical stromatolites[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,107:9956-9961.
Petryshyn V A,Corsetti F A. 2011. Analysis of growth directions of columnar stromatolites from Walker Lake,western Nevada[J]. Geobiology,9:425-435.
Postma D. 1983. Pyrite and siderite oxidation in swamp sediments[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,34:163-182.
Riding R. 2000. Microbial carbonates:The geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms[J]. Sedimentology,47:179-214.
Riding R. 2008. Abiogenic,microbial and hybrid authigenic carbonate crusts:Components of Precambrian stromatolites [J]. Geologia Croatica,61:73-103.
Riding R. 2011. The Nature of Stromatolites:3,500 Million Years of History and a Century of Research [R]. In:Reitner J,Quéric Nadia-Valérie,Arp G(eds). Advances in Stromatolite Geobiology,Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 131. Berlin:Springer-Verlag,29-76.
Riding R,Fralick P,Liang L Y. 2014. Identification of an Archean marine oxygen oasis[J]. Precambrian Research,251:232-237.
Rosing M T,Frei R. 2004. U-rich Archaean sea-floor sediments from Greenland-indications of >3700 Myr oxygenic photosynthesis[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,217:237-244.
Rosing M T,Bird D K,Sleep N H, et al. 2010. No climate paradox under the faint early Sun[J]. Nature,464:744-747.
Schopf J W. 2006. Fossil evidence of Archean life[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B,361:869-885.
Schopf J W. 2011. The paleobiological record of photosynthesis[J]. Photosynthesis Research,107:87-101.
Schwartzman D,Caldeira K,Pavlov A. 2008. Cyanobacterial emergence at 2.8 Gyr and greenhouse feedbacks[J]. Astrobiology,8:187-203.
Sessions A L,Doughty D M,Welander P V, et al. 2009. The continuing puzzle of the Great Oxidation Event[J]. Current Biology,19:567-574.
Stüeken E E,Catling D C,Buick R. 2012. Contributions to late Archaean sulphur cycling by life on land[J]. Nature Geosciences,5:722-725.
Sumner D Y. 1997. Carbonate precipitation and oxygen stratification in late Archean seawater as deduced from facies and stratigraphy of the Gamohaan and Frisco formations,Transvaal Supergroup,South Africa[J]. American Journal of Science,297:455-487.
Sumner D Y,Grotzinger J P. 2000. Late Archean Aragonite Precipitation:Petrography,Facies Associations,and Environmental Significance[M]. In:Grotzinger J P,James N P(eds). Carbonate Sedimentation and Diagenesis in the Evolving Precambrian World. SEPM Special Publication,67:123-144.
Trolard F,Tardy Y. 1987. The stabilities of gibbsite,boehmite,aluminous goethites and aluminous hematites in bauxites,ferricretes and laterites as a function of water activity,temperature and particle size[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,51:945-957.
van Kranendonk M J,Altermann W,Beard B L, et al. 2012. A Chronostratigraphic Division of the Precambrian[M]. In:Gradstein F M, Ogg J G,Schmitz M D,et al(eds). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Amsterdam:Elsevier,299-392.
Veizer J,Compston W,Hoefs J, et al. 1982. Mantle buffering of the early oceans[J]. Naturwissenschaften,69:173-180.
Wilks M E,Nisbet E G. 1988. Stratigraphy of the Steep Rock Group,northwest Ontario:A major Archean unconformity and Archaean stromatolites[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,25:370-391.
Wille M,Nebel O,van Kranendonk M J, et al. 2013. Mo-Cr isotope evidence for a reducing Archean atmosphere in 3.46-2.76Ga black shales from the Pilbara,Western Australia[J]. Chemical Geology,340:68-76.
Williford K H,van Kranendonk M J,Ushikubo T, et al. 2011. Constraining atmospheric oxygen and seawater sulfate concentrations during Paleoproterozoic glaciation:In situ sulfur three isotope microanalysis of pyrite from the Turee Creek Group,Western Australia[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,75:5686-5705.
Young G M. 2002. Stratigraphic and tectonic settings of Proterozoic glaciogenic rocks and banded iron-formations:Relevance to the snowball Earth debate[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences,35:451-466.
Zahnle K,Claire M,Catling D. 2006. The loss of mass-independent fractionation in sulfur due to a Palaeoproterozoic collapse of atmospheric methane[J]. Geobiology,4:271-283.