Physical simulation and mechanism analysis of soft￣sediment slump deformation
Chen Junfei1, 2, Zhang Changmin2, Zhu Rui2, Yang Bo3, 4, Yan Qi2, 5, Lu Xiaolin2, 5, Zhu Aiguo2, 5
1 School of Ocean Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083; 2 School of Geosciences,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei; 3 College of Energy,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan; 4 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,;Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan; 5 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249
Abstract：Soft￣sediment slump deformation is a geological phenomenon,which is significant in analyzing regional geology history and directing petroleum prospecting. So it became valued by scholars in geoscience rapidly in recent years. However,most studies are qualitative descriptions based on observations in the field,and the process of deformation and genetic mechanism were less. A set of simulation device and the complete experimental program has been designed to simulate soft￣sediment slump deformation driven by gravity under the background of slope. The materials with different viscosity to simulate strata were used in the experiment,and the angle of the box was changed to simulate the angle variation of the stratum many times. Then the evolution model of soft￣sediment slump deformation were summarized: At the beginning of the deformation,stratum upheaval occurred gradually;as the slope become steeper,in turn,slump folds develop into round-hinged folds and then tight isoclinal folds. After faults formed,folds develop into deformation like rootless isoclinal folds and sheath folds,and the deformation continues till strata come to be stable. The deformation mechanism of the soft￣sediment slump deformation was analyzed: Driven by gravity soft￣sediments slide down along the slope, and the deformation was caused by the shear effect between layers.
1 杜远生. 2011. 中国地震事件沉积研究的若干问题探讨. 古地理学报,13(6): 581-586. [Du Y S. 2011. Discussion about studies of earthquake event deposit in China. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),13(6): 581-586] 2 杜远生,韩欣. 2000. 论震积作用和震积岩. 地球科学进展,15(4): 389-304. [Du Y S,Han X. 2000. Seismo-deposition and seismites. Advance in Earth Sciences,15(4): 389-304] 3 巨银娟,张小莉. 2016. 鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区三叠系延长组长6段滑塌变形特征研究. 西北大学学报(自然科学版),46(1): 87-93. [Ju Y J,Zhang X L. 2016. Slump sedimentary characteristics of the Triassic Chang 6 reservoir from the Baibao Area,Ordos Basin. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),46(1): 87-93] 4 吕洪波,章雨旭,夏邦栋,方中,周伟明,彭阳,吴智平,李伟. 2003. 南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石中的同沉积挤压构造: 一类新的沉积构造的归类、命名和构造意义探讨. 地质论评,49(5): 449-456. [Lü H B,Zhang Y X,Xia B D,Fang Z,Zhou W M,Peng Y,Wu Z P,Li W. 2003. Syn-sedimentary Compression Struetures in the Middle Triassic Flysch of the NanPanjiang Basin,SW China. Geological Review,49(5): 449-456] 5 乔秀夫,李海兵. 2009. 沉积物的地震及古地震效应. 古地理学报,11(6): 593-610. [Qiao X F,Li H B. 2009. Effect of earthquake and ancient earthquake on sediments. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),11(6): 593-610] 6 苏德辰,孙爱萍,郑桂森,吕金波,郭荣涛. 2013. 北京西山寒武系滑塌构造的初步研究. 地质学报,87(8): 1067-1075 [Su D C,Sun A P,Zheng G S,Lü J B,Guo R T. 2013. A Preliminary Research on the Slump Structures in Cambrian System in the Western Hills of Beijing. Acta Geologica Sinica(Chinese Edition),87(8): 1067-1075] 7 王熙,王明镇. 2012. 安徽寿县新元古界一个滑塌—滑脱软沉积物变形复合构造的发现及地质初探. 地球学报,33(1): 49-56. [Wang X,Wang M Z. 2012. The Discovery and geological preliminary investigation of a slump-slip soft-sediment deformation multilayer complex structure in Neoproterozoic strata in Shouxian County,Anhui Province. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,33(1): 49-56] 8 鄢继华,陈世悦,宋国奇,姜在兴,邱桂强. 2004. 三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩形成过程初探. 沉积学报,22(4): 573-578. [Yan J H,Chen S Y,Song G Q,Jiang Z X,Qiu G Q. 2004. Preliminary study on the formation of fluxoturbidite in front of delta. Acta Sedimentological Sinica,22(4): 573-578] 9 鄢继华,崔永,陈世悦. 2009. 几种常见震积岩相标志在模拟实验中的识别. 沉积学报,27(6): 1131-1137. [Yan J H,Cui Y,Chen S Y. 2009. Identification of commom faceies indicators of seismites in simulated experiments. Acta Sedimentological Sinica,27(6): 1131-1137] 10 易雪斐,张昌民,李少华,杜家元,李康,王浩宇,李向阳,周凤娟. 2014. 砂岩侵入体系物理模拟实验. 古地理学报,16(5): 605-612. [Yi X F,Zhang C M,Li S H,Du J Y,Li K,Wang H Y,Li X Y,Zhou F J. 2014. Simulation experiment of sand injectites. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),16(5): 605-612] 11 袁效奇,苏德辰,贺静,孙爱萍,吕洪波,李海兵,乔秀夫. 2014. 鄂尔多斯南缘中奥陶统中的滑塌构造及其地震成因. 地质论评,60(3): 529-540. [Yuan X Q,Su D C,He J,Sun A P,Lü H B,Li H B,Qiao X F. The slump structures in the middle Ordovician on the souther margin of Ordos Basin and their seismic origin. Geological Review,60(3): 529-540] 12 张昌民,张尚锋,朱锐,杜家元. 2011. 砂岩侵入体: 岩性油气藏勘探开发中值得注意的一个新领域. 岩性油气藏,23(2): 1-9. [Zhang C M,Zhang S F,Zhu R,Du J Y. 2011. Sand injectites: A new kind of lithological stratigraphic traps in exploration and development. Lithologic Reservoirs,23(2): 1-9] 13 张关龙,陈世悦,鄢继华,姜在兴,宋国奇,邱桂强. 2006. 三角洲前缘滑塌浊积体形成过程模拟. 沉积学报,24(1): 50-55. [Zhang G L,Chen S Y,Yan J H,Jiang Z X,Song G Q,Qiu G Q. 2006. Simulation of luxoturbidite in front of delta. Acta Sedimentological Sinica,24(1): 50-55] 14 赵澄林,刘梦慧. 1988. 湖相沉积岩中的同生变形构造及其地质意义. 岩石学报,4(4): 14-24. [Zhao C L,Liu M H. 1988. Contemporaneous deformed structures in lacustrine sedimentary rocks and their geological significance. Acta Petrologica sinica,4(4): 14-24] 15 钟建华,梁刚. 2009. 沉积构造的研究现状及发展趋势. 地质论评,55(6): 831-838. [Zhong J H,Liang G. 2009. Situation of Study and Development Tendency of Sedimentary Structure. Geological Review,55(6): 831-838] 16 Dasgupta P. 2008. Experimental decipherment of the soft-sediment deformation observed in the upper part of the Talchir Formation(Lower Permian),Jharia Basin,India. Sedimentary Geology,205: 100-110. 17 Greb S F,Archer A W. 2007. Soft-sediment deformation produced by tides in a meizoseismic area,Turnagain Arm,Alaska. Geology,35: 435-438. 18 Owen G. 1996. Experimental soft-sediment deformation: Structures formed by the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient examples. Sedimentology,43: 279-293. 19 Owen G,Moretti M,Alfaro P. 2011. Recognising triggers for soft-sediment deformation: Current understanding and future directions. Sedimentary Geology,235: 133-140. 20 Shanmugam G,Moiola R J,Sales J K. 1988. Duplex-like structures in submarine fan channels,Ouachita Mountains,Arkansas. Geology,16: 229-232. 21 Van Loon A J. 2009. Soft-sediment deformation structures in siliciclastic sediments: An overview. Geologos,15: 3-55.
