Three stages dynamic mineralization model of the phosphate-rich deposits: Mineralization mechanism of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite in central Guizhou Province
Zhang Ya-Guan1, Du Yuan-Sheng1, Chen Guo-Yong2, Liu Jian-Zhong2, Chen Qing-Gang3, Zhao Zheng4, Wang Ze-Peng3, Deng Chao5
1 School of Earth Scinces,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China; 2 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550004,China; 3 Geological Brigade 105,Brueau of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550018,China; 4 Geological Brigade 104,Brueau of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development of Guizhou Province,Duyun 558000,China; 5 Geological Brigade 115,Brueau of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development of Guizhou Province,Qingzhen 551400,China
Abstract：The Kaiyang and Weng'an phosphate-rich depositional district that developed in central Guizhou Province during the depositional period of Sinian Doushantuo Formation has high ore yield and P2 O5 grade and is the phosphorite one of the most important phosphate resources region in the world. The phosphorites deposits of central Guizhou Province developed along the shallow-water margin of Qianzhong Oldland. These phosphatic beds are predominantly composed of reworked clastic phosphorites interbedded by pristine phosphatic marls,biogenetic phosphorite and diagenetic unconsolidated phosphorite. The dynamic sedimentary and mineralization process of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite could be called three stages mineralization process. The first stage is the pristine phosphogenesis: Upwelling of the bottom waters might have brought P-enriched waters to the shallow photic zone,stimulating the supersaturation of phosphate in seawater through the bio-chemical dynamism and then the precipitation of francolite. The second stage is the winnowing and reworked process: The syndepositional wave- and storm-induced erosion,winnowing and reworking continuously restructured pristine phosphatic facies and removed the lighter terrigenous grains,forming assemblages of economic granular phosphorites. The last stage is the exposing and leaching process: The exposure event caused by the sea-level fall led to weathering and leaching of phosphatic successions,the slightly acidic meteoric water dissolved carbonate minerals and created carbonate-rich solutions which travelled through subsurface drainage,resulting in secondary enrichment of phosphate. The three stages mineralization process regulated by the palaeogeography and frequent sea-level changes dynamically and repeatedly worked on the phosphate deposits,finally forming the high-grade and economically significant phosphate ores.
Zhang Ya-Guan,Du Yuan-Sheng,Chen Guo-Yong et al. Three stages dynamic mineralization model of the phosphate-rich deposits: Mineralization mechanism of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite in central Guizhou Province[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(2): 351-368.
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