Strata color rhythm of the Cretaceous-Neogene and evolution of palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate in Junggar Basin
Wang Yi-Zhe1,2, Wu Chao-Dong1,2, Ma Jian1,2, Fang Ya-Nan3, Xu Zhuo1, Zhou Yan-Xi1,2
1 Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belt and Crustal Evolution,Ministry of Education,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China; 2 Institute of Oil & Gas,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China; 3 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China
Abstract：The southern margin of the Junggar Basin in the Cretaceous-Neogene developed large continental shallow￣water lacustrine basins with frequent alternation of dry and wet,cold and warm climate,forming a series of “multicolor” strata,such as gray,grey-green,grey-white,maroon red,red-brown,brick-red,purple-red,and earthy yellow. The study shows that the color of the strata has a good indicator of sedimentary environment. For example,the color index L*(black and white),a*(red and green)and b*(blue and yellow)can clearly distinguish the different subaquatic(semi-deep lacustrine facies,shore-shallow lacustrine facies)or subaerial(river-delta facies,floodplain facies,alluvial fan facies)sedimentary environments. Stratigraphic color evolution sequence can indicate the evolution of Cretaceous-Neogene palaeoclimate. The red sediments can be formed in both the dry and hot land oxidation environment and the relatively reduced underwater environment: “subaerial red”,such as brick red sandy mudstone of the Donggou Formation,purple red mudstone of the Ziniquanzi Formation,and maroon to earth red mudstone of the Shawan Formation,40>L*>52,8>a*>18,12>b*>22;“subaquatic red” is characterized by the thick red blocky mudstone of the Hutubihe Formation,35>L*>45,2.5>a*>4.5,5>b*>9. In the Early Cretaceous,the Junggar Basin was relatively warm and humid with wide distribution of lakes. The minimum value of the color index L*(black and white)was close to 15,and the value of a* was between -5 and 5,indicating that dark gray to gray dark mudstone was formed in a relatively reducting environment. In the Late Cretaceous,the color index a* reached the highest peak(15-25),indicating that the climate of the Junggar Basin began to show a trend of drought and heat. During the Eocene to Oligocene,the values of a* and b* changed synchronously,and there was an obvious trend of negative drift (7-15),and the climate gradually cooled. In the Neogene,the color index a* was relatively low(5-9),however,the L* value was close to 70,indicating that the climate continued to be cool. The research shows that since the end of Cretaceous,the drought-stricken Junggar Basin has been increasingly affected by the global climate cooling and the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The stratigraphic color recorded evolution of paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. Systematic color measurement and analysis can provide an important basis for reconstruction of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary environment and paleoclimate evolution. It also has a great significance for exploration of global climate change since the Cenozoic.
Wang Yi-Zhe,Wu Chao-Dong,Ma Jian et al. Strata color rhythm of the Cretaceous-Neogene and evolution of palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate in Junggar Basin[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(3): 451-468.
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