New material of <em>Coniopteris simplex</em> from the Middle Jurassic of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and implications on its spatio-temporal distribution and paleogeography

doi:10.1016/j.jop.2024.03.001

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (0)

Download: PDF (13790 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Coniopteris simplex is a common component in many Jurassic floras. However, due to morphological variations in sterile fronds and incomplete preservation of reproductive organs, its classification has been controversial for a long time. Here, we present new material collected from the Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation in the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia. The new material reveals important morphological characters, including hemi-dimorphic fronds, two forms of sterile pinnae, short-stalked sori and sporangia on fertile fronds, annulus of sporangium composed of about 30 cells, in situ rounded triangular spores with protruded suture, and the lips of trilete laesura encircled by one or two rows of small ostioles. Based on these observations, we emended the diagnosis of this common species. The spatio-temporal distribution of Coniopteris simplex shows that the iconic species was restricted to the paleolatitudes ranging from 19.5°N to 48.9°N in the Northern Hemisphere during the Early-Late Jurassic, mainly distributed in the tropical to paratropical zones, and the paleolongitude ranging from 9.6°E to 129.3°E, which may be limited by the opening of the Viking Corridor and the splitting of the Central Atlantic Ocean.

Key words： Coniopteris simplex Yan'an Formation Middle Jurassic Inner Mongolia Paleogeography

Received: 03 April 2023

Corresponding Authors: ^**E-mail address: tanxiao1115@163.com (X. Tan).^*E-mail address: liangfei5777@163.com (F. Liang).

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors

Cite this article:

URL:

http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_jop/EN/10.1016/j.jop.2024.03.001 OR http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_jop/EN/Y2024/V13/I2/199

[1] Artabe A.E., Morel E.M., Ganuza D.G., 2007. Las floras Triáicas de la Argentina.Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, 11, 75-86.
[2] Barale G., Ouaja M., Philippe M.A., 2000. A Bathonian flora in the Techout formation of South-East Tunisia.Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte, 2000 (11), 681-697.
[3] Bomfleur B., Taylor E.M., Taylor T.N., Serbet R., Krings M., Kerp H., 2011. Systematics and paleoecology of a new peltaspermalean seed fern from the Triassic polarvegetation of Gondwana,International Journal of Plant Sciences, 172(6), 807-835.
[4] Boucot A.J., Chen X., Scotese C.R., Fan J.X., 2009. Phanerozoic Global Climatic Reconstruction. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1-173 (in Chinese).
[5] Bower F.O.,1908. The Origin of a Land Flora. Macmillan and Co. Ltd., London, pp. 1-727.
[6] Brick M.I.,1937. La Flore Mésozoique du Ferghana Méridional, II.Fougères (fin) Equisetinées. Transactions of the Geological Trust of Center Asia, Tashkent, 3, 1-75 (in Russian with French Abstract).
[7] Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1991. Regional geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 1-725 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[8] Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1996. Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. China University of Geosciences Press, Wuhan, pp. 1-344 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[9] Cao Z.Y., Zhang Y.L., 1996. A New Species ofConiopteris from Jurassic of Gansu. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 35(2), 241-250 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[10] Chang J.L., Gao Q., 1996. Characteristics of flora from the Datong Formation in Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi.Coal Geology and Exploration, 24(1), 4-8 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[11] Chen F., Dou Y.W., Huang Q.S., 1984. The Jurassic Flora of West Hills, Beijing (Peking). Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 1-136 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[12] Chen F., Li C.S., Ren S.Q., 1990. OnConiopteris concicca(Heer) comb. nov. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 216, 129-136.
[13] Deng S.H., 1995. Early Cretaceous flora of Huolinhe Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 94-96 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[14] Deng S.H., Lu Y.Z., 2006. The Mesozoic Dicksoniaceous Ferns: Characteristics, distribution, origin and evolutionary trends.Global Plant Letters, 1(1), 9-29.
[15] Dera G., Brigaud B., Monna F., Laffont F., Puceat E., Deconinck J.F., Pellenard P., Joachimski M.M., Durlet C., 2011. Climatic ups and downs in a disturbed Jurassic world.Geology, 39, 215-218.
[16] Doludenko M.P., Orlovskaya Er., 1976. Jurassic floras of Karatau range, southern Kazakhstan.Palaeontology, 19, 627-640.
[17] Doré A.G.,1991. The structural foundation and evolution of Mesozoic seaways between Europe and the Arctic Sea.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 87(1-4), 441-492.
[18] Duan S.Y., Chen Y., Niu M.L., 1986. Middle Jurassic flora from southern margin of the Ordos Basin.Acta Botanica Sinica, 28(5), 549-554 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[19] Golonka J.,2004. Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.Tectonophysics, 381, 235-273.
[20] Golonka J., Ford D., 2000. Pangean (Late Carboniferous-Middle Jurassic) paleoenvironment and lithofacies.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 161, 1-34.
[21] Halle T.G.,1913. The Mesozoic Flora of Graham Land. Wissenchaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar - Expedition, 1901-1903(3), 123.
[22] Hare M.P.,1951. Coniopteris tatungensis Sze, a fern from the Yorkshire Jurassic. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4(47), 1140-1146.
[23] Harris T.M.,1961. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora 1. Tallophyta, Pteridophyta. British Museum (Natural History), London, p. 212.
[24] He Y.L., Wu X.Y., Wu X.W., Li P.J., Li H.M., Guo S.X., 1979. Plants. In: Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Qinghai Institute of Geological Sciences, (Eds.). Fossil Atlas of Northwest China. Qinghai Volume, II. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 129-167 (in Chinese).
[25] He Z.X.,2003. Evolution and Formation of Oil and Gas in Ordos Basin. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing, pp. 1-390 (in Chinese).
[26] He Z.X., Yang H., Yuan X.Q., 2004. Atlas of Geology Profile in Ordos Basin. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing, pp. 1-422 (in Chinese).
[27] Hu J.M., Liu X.S., Li Z.H., Zhao Y., Zhang S.H., Liu X.C., Qu H.J., Chen H., 2013. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of the Ordos Basin basement and its tectonic significance.Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(1), 118-127.
[28] Huang Z.G., Zhou H.Q., 1980. Fossil plants. In: Geological Institute of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (Ed.). Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Paleontology from Shanganning Basin. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 43-104 (in Chinese).
[29] Jiang D.X., Wang Y.D., 2002. Middle Jurassic sporo-pollen assemblage from the Yan’an Formation of Dongsheng, Nei Monggol, China.Acta Botanica Sinica, 44(2), 230-238 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[30] Kostina E.I., Herman A.B., 2013. The Middle Jurassic flora of South Mongolia: Composition, age and phytogeographic position.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 193, 82-98.
[31] Labails C., Olivet J.L., Aslanian D., Roest W.R., 2010. An alternative early opening scenario for the Central Atlantic Ocean.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 297(3), 355-368.
[32] Li C.X., Miao X.Y., Zhang L.B., Ma J.Y., Hao J.S., 2020b. Re-evaluation on the systematic position of the Mesozoic fern genusConiopteris. Cretaceous Research, 105, 104136.
[33] Li P.J., Cao Z.Y., Wu S.Q., 1976. Mesozoic plants of Yunnan Province. In: Nanjing Institute of Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (Eds.). Mesozoic fossils of Yunnan Province (1). Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 87-160 (in Chinese).
[34] Li P.J., He Y.L., Wu X.W., Mei S.W., Li B.Y., 1988. Early and Middle Jurassic strata and their floras from Northeastern border of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai. Nanjing University Publishing House, Nanjing, p. 55 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[35] Li X.X.,1995. Fossil floras of China through the geological ages. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou, pp. 1-695 (in Chinese).
[36] Li Y.F., Sun C.L., Wang H.S., Dilcher D.L., Tan X., Li T., Na Y.L., 2018. First record ofEretmophyllum(Ginkgoales) with well-preserved cuticle from the Middle Jurassic of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Palaeoworld, 27(2), 188-201.
[37] Li Y.F., Wang H.S., Dilcher D.L., Bugdaeva E., Tan X., Li T., Na Y.L., Sun C.L., 2020a. Middle Jurassic plant diversity and climate in the Ordos Basin, China.Paleontological Journal, 53(11), 1216-1235.
[38] Lindley J., Hutton W., 1835. The Fossil Flora of Great Britain: or Figures and Descriptions of the Vegetable Remains found in a Fossil State in this country. Vol. 2. James Ridgway, London, pp. 57-58.
[39] Ma Q.W., Wang, Y.F, Chen Y.Z., Li C.S., 1998. Studies onConiopteris tatungensis of Jurassic from western hills of Beijing. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 36(2), 173-177.
[40] Mi J.R., Sun C.L., Sun Y.W., Cui S.S., Ai Y.L., 1996. Early-Middle Jurassic Phytoecology and Coal  Accumulating Environments in Northern Hebei and Western Liaoning. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 1-169 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[41] Morel E.M., Ganuza D.G., Zúniga A., 2000. Revisión paleoflorÍstica de la Formación Paso Flores, Triásico superior de RÍo Negroy del Neuquén, Argentina.Revista de la Asóciacion Geológica Argentina, 54, 389-406.
[42] Morel E.M., Artabe A.E., Ganuza D.G., Zúniga A., 2010. La Paleoflora Triásica del Cerro Cacheuta, Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Bryopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida Filicopsida y Gymnospermopsidae (Corystopermales e Peltaspermales).Ameghiniana, 47, 3-23.
[43] Ritts B.D., Weislogel A., Graham S.A., Darby B.J., 2009. Mesozoic tectonics and sedimentation of the giant polyphase nonmarine intraplate Ordos Basin, Western North China Block.International Geology Review, 51(2), 95-115.
[44] Saporta, G. de.1872. Paléontologie Francaise ou description des fossiles de la France, Plantes Jurassiques, I. Algues, Equiesetacées, Characées, Fougères. Paris, pp. 1-432.
[45] Scanu G.G., Kustatscher E., Pittau P., 2015. The Jurassic flora of Sardinia: A new piece in the palaeobiogeographic puzzle of the Middle Jurassic.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 218, 80-105.
[46] Scott R.A., Turton M.A.K., 2001. Mesozoic tectonic events in the North Atlantic and Arctic: Stratigraphic response in an adjacent rift-flank basin (Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada).Polarforschung, 69(1), 73-83.
[47] Seward, A.C., 1900. The Jurassic Flora. I. The Yorkshire Coast. Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology. British Museum (Natural History), London, p. 341.
[48] Shang Y.K.,1995. Palynology of the Yan’an Formation in the Dongsheng region, Nei Monggol.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 12(4), 398-420 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[49] Steiner C., Hobson A., Favre P., Stampfli G.M., Hernandez J., 1998. Mesozoic sequence of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands): Witness of Early Jurassic sea-floor spreading in the central Atlantic.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110, 1304-1317.
[50] Sun B.N.,1986. A Preliminary Study of Middle Jurassic Fossil Plants from Cola-Field of Lanzhou.Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science), 22(1), 113-118 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[51] Sun C.L.,1992. The division of the Early Jurassic floristic province of the Eurasia continent.Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences, 22, 178-187 (in Chinese).
[52] Sun C.L., Li Y.F., Dilcher D.L., Wang H.S., Li T., Na Y.L., Wang A.P., 2015. An introductory report on the biodiversity of Middle JurassicPhoenicopsis (Czekanowskiales) from the Ordos Basin, China. Science Bulletin, 60(21), 1858-1865.
[53] Sun G., Yang T., Tan X., Miao Y.Y., 2021. Recent advances in the study of the ferns from Middle Jurassic Baiyanghe flora of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China.Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 101, 19-24.
[54] Sun L.X., Zhang Y., Zhang T.F., Cheng Y.H., Li Y.F., Ma H.L., Yang C., Guo J.C., Lu C., Zhou X.G., 2017. Jurassic sporopollen of Yan’an Formation and Zhiluo Formation in the northeastern Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, and its paleoclimatic significance,Earth Science Frontiers, 24(1), 32-51 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[55] Surlyk F.,1991. Sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic-lowermost Cretaceous of East Greenland.AAPG Bulletin, 75(9), 1468-1488.
[56] Sze H.C.,1933. Beiträge zur mesozoischen Flora von China.Palaeontologica Sinica, Series A, 4, 1-68.
[57] Sze H.C.,1959. Jurassic Plants from Tsaidam, Chinghai Province.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 7(1), 1-46.
[58] Sze H.C., Chow T.Y., 1962. Mesozoic Continental Deposits of China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1-180 (In Chinese).
[59] Sze H.C., Li X.X., 1963. Mesozoic Plants of China. Fossil Plants of China, Vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1-429 (in Chinese).
[60] Tan L., Zhu J.R., 1982. Plants. In: Geological Bureau of Inner Mongolia, (Eds.). Paleontology of Mesozoic strata in Guyang coal bearing basin, Inner Mongolia. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 1-143 (in Chinese).
[61] Trevisan C., Dutra T., Ianuzzi R., Sander A., Wilberger T., Manríquez L.M.E., Mansilla H., Leppe M., 2022. Coniopteris antarctica sp. nov.(Pteridophyta) and associated plant assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous of Rip Point, Nelson Island, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research, 136, 105185.
[62] Turutanova-Ketova A.I.,1930. Jurassic flora of the Chain Kara-Tau (Tian-Shan).Trudy Instituta Geologii Akademii Nauk SSSR Muzeya, 6, 131-172 (in Russian).
[63] Vakharameev V.A.,1991. Jurassic and Cretaceous Flora and Climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-318.
[64] Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J.H.A., 2008. The Jurassic fossil plant record of the UK area.Proceedings of the Geologists Association, 119, 59-72.
[65] Wang S.E., Zheng S.L., Yu J.S., Liu G.F., Zhang W., Chen Q.S., 2000. Stratigraphic Lexicon of China: Jurassic. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 1-154 (in Chinese).
[66] Wang Z.Q.,1984. Plant Kingdom. In: Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, (Ed.). Palaeontological Atlas of North China, II. Mesozoic. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 223-384 (in Chinese).
[67] Webb J.A., Mitchell M.M., 2009. Stratigraphy and palaeoflora of the Triassic Council Trench Formation, central Victoria.Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 118, 113-127.
[68] Xin C.L., Wang L.H., Du B.X., Zhang Y.M., Wang J.J., 2018. Cuticles and Spores in Situ ofConiopteris hymenophylloides from the Middle Jurassic in Gansu, Northwestern China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 92(3), 904-914.
[69] Xin C.L., Wei M., Chen S.W., Dou W.D., 2010. Relationship between dispersed spores and spores in situ of five Jurassic plantsConiopteris. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science), 46(4), 7-12 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[70] Xin C.L., Wei M., Chen S.W., Meng J., Du W.D., 2012. Study on characteristics of in situ spores ofConiopteris simplex in Middle Jurassic period, Yaojie, Gansu. Chinese Journal of Geology, 47(1), 211-220 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[71] Yi Z.Y., Liu Y.Q., Meert J.G., 2019. A true polar wander trigger for the Great Jurassic East Asian Aridification.Geology, 47(12), 1112-1116.
[72] Yin F.J., Hou H.W., 1999. Middle Jurassic sporopollen assemblage from the Yan’an Formation in Binxian County, Shaanxi Province and its significance.Acta Botanica Sinica, 41(3), 325-329 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[73] Zamuner A., Zavattieri A., Artabe A., Morel E., 2001. Paleobotánica. In: Artabe, A., Morel, E., Zamuner, A., (Eds.). EI Sistema Triásico en la Argentina. Fundación Museo La Plata Francisco P. Moreno, pp. 143-184.
[74] Zhang H., Li H.T., Xiong C.W., Zhang H., Wang Y.D., He Z.L., Lin G.M., Sun B.N., 1998. Jurassic Coal-bearing Strata and Coal Accumulation in Northwest China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 1-317 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[75] Zhang Y.J., Liu B.C., Liang F., 2019. A new species ofConiopteris moguqiensis sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 93(5), 1317-1324.
[76] Zhang Z.C.,1976. Plant Kingdom. Paleontological atlas of North China, Inner Mongolia Volume. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 179-213 (in Chinese).
[77] Zhang Z.H., Wang C.S., Lü D.W., 2020. Precession-scale climate forcing of peatland wildfires during the early Middle Jurassic greenhouse period.Global and Planetary Change, 184, 103051.
[78] Zhang Z.H., Wang T.T., Ramezani J., Lü D.W., Wang C.S., 2021. Climate forcing of terrestrial carbon sink during the Middle Jurassic greenhouse climate: Chronostratigraphic analysis of the Yan'an Formation, Ordos Basin, North China. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 133, (7-8), 1723-1733.
[79] Zhao Z.Y., Guo Y.R., Wang Y., Lin D.J., 2012. Study progress in tectonic evolution and paleogeography of Ordos Basin.Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 19(5), 15-20 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[80] Zheng S.L., Zhang W., 1990. Early and Middle Jurassic fossil flora from Tianshifu Liaoning.Liaoning Geology, 3, 212-238 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
[81] Zhou Z.Y.,1995. Jurassic Floras. In: Li, X.X., (Ed.). Fossil Floras of China through the Geological Time. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou, pp. 260-309 (in Chinese).
[82] Ziegler P.A.,1988. Evolution of the Arctic-North Atlantic and the Western Tethys.AAPG Memoir, 43, 1-198.