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| Early Cretaceous shifting of Zoophycos in the Ouarsenis Mountains (northwestern Algeria) |
| Imad Bouchemlaa,b,*, Li-Jun Zhang c,**, Madani Benyoucef b, Mariusz A. Salamond |
aDepartment of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou, P.O. Box. 17, DZ-15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
bLaboratoire de Géomatique, Ècologie et Environnement, Mustapha Stambouli-Mascara University, DZ-29000 Mascara, Algeria
cSchool of Resources and Environment, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biogenic Traces and Sedimentary Minerals, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, China
dInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland |
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Abstract Early Cretaceous succession of the Oued Fodda Formation in the Ouarsenis Mountains (northwestern
Algeria) is mainly composed of marlelimestone alternations, which are subdivided into four informal
units (Units 1 to 4), based on distinct lithological, stratonomical, and ichnological features. The ichnological
analysis reveals a low diversity of the trace-fossil assemblage, which is exclusively reported from Units 2 and 3.
The ichnoassemblage contains six ichnotaxa (Chondrites intricatus, Ophiomorpha isp., Planolites isp., Thalassinoides
isp., Zoophycos brianteus, and Zoophycos cauda-galli), among which Zoophycos and Chondrites are
the most common elements of the assemblage and occur in distinct mud-rich substrates showing different
bioturbation intensities. The development of Zoophycos in the middle part of Unit 2 shows a high degree of
bioturbation (bioturbation index (BI) = 4). Zoophycos specimens are of large size, between 45 cm and 75 cm in
width, which were interpreted to have formed in a lower offshore environment where the oxygenation amount
was optimal, the sedimentation rate was low, and the benthic food was abundant on the seafloor. Toward the
upper part of Unit 2, Zoophycos-bearing levels exhibit a less intense degree of bioturbation (BI between 1 and
2) in contrast to Planolites- and Chondrites-bearing levels which have a bioturbation index (BI) between 3 and
4. At these levels, Zoophycos displays relatively small, coiled to U-shaped spreiten, probably in response to
stressful and dysoxic conditions prevailing in the water bottom. With improved oxygenation in a quiet lower
offshore to shelf margin environment in Unit 3, the benthic organisms recovered, as represented by medium to
large size Zoophycos in association with Ophiomorpha and scarce Chondrites burrows, even if the overall
bioturbation intensity is very low. The combination of trace-fossil assemblage and lithofacies of the Oued
Fodda Formation indicates relatively stable outer shelf environments below the storm wave base, which
corresponds classically to the lower offshore to shelf edge environments, and the prevailing palaeoecological
conditions are optimal and stressful for the benthic organisms.
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Received: 16 May 2023
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Corresponding Authors:
*imad.bouchemla@ummto.dz (I. Bouchemla)；
** ljzhanghpu@gmail.com (L.-J. Zhang)
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2023, Vol. 12 
