胃癌分子靶向治疗的研究进展

doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2025.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 胃癌是全球范围内发病率较高且预后不良的一种恶性肿瘤,其发病率和死亡率在全球恶性肿瘤中分别位居第五位和第四位。我国初诊即为晚期胃癌的患者占比为64.37%。近年来,随着分子靶点的深入研究,胃癌靶向治疗取得了显著进展,以人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)、紧密连接蛋白18.2亚型(Claudin18.2,CLDN18.2)等为主的相关靶点药物显示出明确的临床疗效。从首个获批用于胃癌治疗的抗HER2单克隆抗体曲妥珠单抗,到近年来上市的靶向CLDN18.2单克隆抗体佐妥昔单抗,以及诸多处于临床研究阶段的新型靶点药物,为不同分子分型的胃癌患者提供了更多治疗选择。本文对胃癌靶向治疗及耐药机制的研究进展进行综述,旨在为胃癌临床治疗决策和相关基础研究提供参考。

关键词: 胃癌, 靶向治疗, 分子靶点, 人表生长因子受体2, 紧密连接蛋白18.2亚型

Abstract: Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and poor prognosis worldwide,ranking fifth and fourth,among all malignancies interms of incidence and mortality.In China,the proportion of patients with advanced gastric cancer diagnosed for the first time is 64.37%.In recent years,with the in-depth research of molecular targets,targeted therapy for gastric cancer has made significant progress,and related target drugs such as HER2 and tight junction protein 18.2 subtypes(Claudin18.2,CLDN18.2)have shown clear clinical efficacy.From the first anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab approved for the treatment of gastric cancer,to the recently launched CLDN18.2 monoclonal antibody zolbetuximab,as well as many new targeted drugs in clinical research,it provides more treatment options for gastric cancer patients with different molecular subtypes.This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on targeted therapy and drug resistance mechanisms of gastric cancer,aiming to provide reference for clinical treatment decision-making and related basic research of gastric cancer.

Key words: gastric cancer, targeted therapy, molecular targets, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, claudin18.2

中图分类号:

蔡医擎, 代恩勇. 胃癌分子靶向治疗的研究进展[J]. 实用肿瘤学杂志, 2025, 39(6): 542-550.

CAI Yiqing, DAI Enyong. Recent progress on molecular targeted therapy for gastric cancer[J]. Journal of Practical Oncology, 2025, 39(6): 542-550.

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