Abstract: Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using the Ar-He target cryoablation combined with chemotherapy for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Between 2005 Nov and 2009 Mar,90 non-small cell lung cancer patients confirmed by pathology were divided into the groups of chemotherapy after cryosurgery(group A,n=31),cryosurgery alone(group B,n=29)and chemotherapy alone(group C,n=30).The effective rate,the existence rate in one year and side effects were analyzed.Results The level of CEA decreased in the group A than that in the group B or group C.The response rate was 70.4%(19/27)in the group A,55.2%(16/29)in the group B and 42.9%(12/28)in the group C.There was a statistical difference between A and C group(P＜0.05).The existence rate in one year was 63.0%(A:17/27),41.4%(B:12/29),46.4%(C:13/28),respectively,and there were no statistical difference between them(P＞0.05).The side effects of all the three groups were tolerable.Conclusion The procedure using chemotherapy after cryosurgery have more efficacy than the cryosurgery alone or the chemotherapy alone,and the side effects are tolerable.The method is a valuable way for the advanced non-small cell lung cancer.