The Turpan Basin is an intermountain basin in the Tianshan Mountains. A good preservation of the Paleogene in this basin provides abundant information for studying of the Paleogene climate in Northwest China. Based on various climatic proxies from a section at Lamjin in the Turpan Basin, such as Fe2O3, FeO, CaCO3, organic carbon and organic carbon stable isotopes, this paper focuses on climatic changes and key climatic events during the Paleogene. Temperatures of the Paleogene in the Turpan Basin are estimated by the ratios of Fe3+/Fe2+. Annual mean temperatures were 22.35℃ in the Paleocene, 21.82℃ in the Eocene and 15.69℃ in the Oligocene respectively. A key temperaturefalling event took place during the transitional period from the Late Eocene to the Early Oligocene. Researches on CaCO3 content of the Paleogene indicate that the mean content of CaCO3 was 4.68% in the Paleocene and 6.66% in the Eocene respectively, while the mean content of CaCO3 reached 15.01% in the Oligocene. These data show that the climates in the Paleocene and Eocene were relatively humid, while arid in the Oligocene. Values of organic carbon stable isotopes(δ13Corg)from the Paleogene sediments concentrate in the scope of the C3 plants, which indicates C3 plants were developed in the Turpan Basin at that time, and δ13Corg values have a negative relationship with CaCO3 content but a positive relationship with temperatures. Namely, a decrease of the δ13Corg value corresponds to an increase of the CaCO3 content and a fall of the temperature. The various climatic proxies indicate that the climate was relatively warm and humid in the Paleocene and Eocene, while arid and cool in the Oligocene.