Preliminary study on development characteristics of planation surface in Liaodong Peninsula
Jin Shu-Chen1, Li Yong-Hua2, Wei Dong-Lan2, Li Xin-Rui2, Liu Da-Qi2
1 College of Resources,Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China; 2 School of Geography,Liaoning Normal University,Liaoning Dalian 116029,China
Abstract:Planation surface is one that is associated with long-term stable tectonic environment of large scale landscape. The planation surface with the weathering crust as a whole to study is the main stream of modern planation surface research. The red weathering crust mainly is outcropped in the east and west of Liaodong Peninsula,and its thickness is around 4 m. In order to explore the properties,environment and development characteristics of the planation surface in Liaodong Peninsula,chemical elements and particle size characteristics of red weathering crust in this area were studied. The test results showed that the average value of CIA of the red weathering crust in the study area is 82.70,the average value of ba((Na2O+K2O+CaO+MgO)/Al2O3)is 0.39,the average value of S/A(SiO2/Al2O3)is 4.86,and the average value of clay content is 8.31%. Compared with the red weathering crust of the karst area in the south of China,it has the characteristics of low leaching rate of salt base,low aluminization degree and weak viscosification. According to the regional geomorphologic features,the development of red weathering crust in the study area mainly went through four stages: (1)karst process was carried out in the whole rock mass above the base level of ancient erosion,and the geomorphologic fluctuation gradually increased;(2)geomorphologic fluctuation reached the maximum,and covered karst and gray weathering crust began to develop;(3)karst double-layer planation surface basically formed;(4)the development of gray weathering crust nearly stopped. With the tectonic movement,the gray weathering crust,which was originally located below the base level of ancient erosion,was all elevated above the base level of modern erosion to form red weathering crust. Therefore,the planation surface in the study area is ancient planation surface,and the development stage is lateralization stage. The results can provide a preliminary basis for revealing the neotectonic movement and sea level change in the Liaodong Peninsula from the Neogene to present.
Jin Shu-Chen,Li Yong-Hua,Wei Dong-Lan et al. Preliminary study on development characteristics of planation surface in Liaodong Peninsula[J]. JOPC, 2020, 22(4): 715-726.
[1] 曹家欣,严润娥,王欢. 1994. 山东庙岛群岛的红色风化壳与棕红土及其古气候意义. 中国科学(B辑), 24(2): 216-224. [Cao J X,Yan R E,Wang H.1994. Red weathering crust and brown red soil of Miaodao archipelago,Shandong Province and its paleoclimate implication. Science in China(Series B), 24(2): 216-224] [2] 曹万杰,季宏兵,朱先芳,赵兴媛,乔敏敏. 2012. 贵州高原地区典型风化剖面地球化学特征及其对比研究. 中国岩溶, 31(2): 131-138. [Cao W J,Ji H B,Zhu X F,Zhao X Y,Qiao M M.2012. Contrast of geochemical features of the typical weathered profiles in Guizhou Plateau. Carsologica Sinica, 31(2): 131-138] [3] 崔之久,李德文,刘耕年. 2001a. 湘桂黔滇藏红色岩溶风化壳的性质与夷平面的形成环境. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学),31(S1): 134-141. [Cui Z J,Li D W,Liu G N.2001a. Feature of red karst weathering crust and formation environment of planation surface in,Hunan, Guangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan and Tibet. Science in China(Series D),31(S1): 134-141] [4] 崔之久,李德文,冯金良,刘耕年,李洪江. 2001b. 覆盖型岩溶、风化壳与岩溶(双层)夷平面. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 31(6): 510-519, 530. [Cui Z J,Li D W,Feng J L,Liu G N,Li H J.2001b. Covered karst,weathering crust and karst planation surface(of double levels). Science in China(Series D), 31(6): 510-519, 530] [5] 大连市计划委员会. 1992. 大连国土资源. 大连: 大连出版社,103-121. [The Dalian Planning Commission. 1992. Land and Resources of Dalian. Dalian: Dalian Press,103-121] [6] 符文侠,何宝林,刘伟. 1992. 辽东半岛沿海第四纪地层特征及其分布. 海洋通报, 11(4): 58-64. [Fu W X,He B L,Liu W.1992. Characteristics and distribution of Quaternary strata along coast of Liaodong Peninsula. Marine Science Bulletin, 11(4): 58-64] [7] 冯志刚,王世杰,孙承兴,刘秀明. 2002. 岩溶地区缺失原岩残余结构红色风化壳的粒度分布特征及成因指示: 以贵州平坝为例. 矿物学报,22(3): 243-248. [Feng Z G,Wang S J,Sun C X,Liu X M.2002. Particle distribution of red weathering crust and its genetic implication: As exemplified by Pingba County of Guizhou,China. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,22(3): 243-248] [8] 冯志刚,王世杰. 2003. 中国南方红土古环境重建中存在的几个问题. 山地学报,21(6): 641-646. [Feng Z G,Wang S J.2003. Problems in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of laterite in south China. Journal of Mountain Science,21(6): 641-646] [9] 冯志刚,王世杰,周德全,孙承兴,刘秀明. 2004. 黔北新蒲红色风化壳剖面的粒度分布特征: 兼论岩溶区上覆土层的物质来源. 地质科学, 39(3): 440-451. [Feng Z G,Wang S J,Zhou D Q,Sun C X,Liu X M.2004. Grain size distribution characters of the red weathering crust at Xinpu,north Guangzhou: Discussion on provenance of overlying weathering crusts in karst areas. Chinese Journal of Geology, 39(3): 440-451] [10] 黄英,符必昌,付君蕖,李琴书. 2000. 昆明玄武岩红土物质组成的剖面特征. 昆明理工大学学报,25(4): 88-92. [Huang Y,Fu B C,Fu J Q,Li Q S.2000. The section properties of the substance composition of the basalt laterite in Kunming area. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology,25(4): 88-92] [11] 蒋伟,李永化,魏东岚,沈俊杰. 2018. 辽南地区晚第三纪红色风化壳及更新世高海面问题探讨. 地理科学, 38(8): 1391-1396. [Jiang W,Li Y H,Wei D L,Shen J J.2018. Neogene red weathering crusts in the southern Liaoning Province and the discussion of high sea level. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 38(8): 1391-1396] [12] 金书晨,李永化,魏东岚. 2018. 辽南地区红色风化壳磁化率研究及古气候意义. 云南地理环境研究, 30(2): 60-65. [Jin S C,Li Y H,Wei D L.2018. Study on magnetic susceptibility of red weathering crust in southern Liaoning Province and the significance of the paleoclimatic. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, 30(2): 60-65] [13] 辽宁省地质矿产局. 1989. 辽宁省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社,5-7. [Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Geology. 1989. Regional Geology in Liaoning Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,5-7.] [14] 吕金福,李志民. 1990. 辽东半岛的黄土及其沉积环境. 地理科学, 10(2): 97-106, 191. [Lü J F,Li Z M.1990. Loess and its sedimentary environment in Liaodong Peninsula. Science Geographica Sinica, 10(2): 97-106, 191] [15] 李培英,程振波,吕厚远,刘国海. 1992. 辽东海岸带黄土. 地质学报, 66(1): 82-94. [Li P Y,Cheng Z B,Lü H Y,Liu G H.1992. The coastal zone loess of the Liaodong Peninsula. Acta Geologica Sinica, 66(1): 82-94] [16] 李德文,崔之久,刘耕年. 1999. 青藏高原古岩溶的存在及其与东邻地区岩溶的对比. 中国岩溶, 19(4): 25-34. [Li D W,Cui Z J,Liu G N.1999. Existence of paleokarst on Tibet Plateau and its correlation with the karst of the eastern district. Carsologica Sinica, 19(4): 25-34] [17] 李德文,崔之久,刘耕年. 2000. 湘桂黔滇藏一线覆盖型岩溶地貌特征与岩溶(双层)夷平面. 山地学报, 20(4): 289-295, 385-386. [Li D W,Cui Z J,Liu G N.2000. Feature and origin of covered karst on Hunan,Guangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan and Tibet. Journal of Mountain Science, 20(4): 289-295,385-386.] [18] 李德文,崔之久,刘耕年. 2002. 湘桂黔滇藏红色岩溶风化壳的发育模式. 地理学报, 57(3): 293-300. [Li D W,Cui Z J,Liu G N.2002. A development model of red weathering crust on limestones: An example from Hunan,Guangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan and Tibit. Acta Geographica Sinica, 57(3): 293-300] [19] 任雪梅,陈忠,罗丽霞,周心琴,王建力. 2003. 夷平面研究综述. 地理科学, 23(1): 107-111. [Ren X M,Chen Z,Luo L X,Zhou X Q,Wang J L.2003. Summary on the study of planation surface. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 23(1): 107-111] [20] 孙承兴,王世杰,周德全,刘秀明,季宏兵. 2002. 碳酸盐岩酸不溶物作为贵州岩溶区红色风化壳主要物质来源的证据. 矿物学报,22(3): 235-242. [Sun C X,Wang S J,Zhou D Q,Liu X M, Ji H B.2002. Insoluble residues of carbonate rocks as source material for red weathering crusts in karsts regions. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,22(3): 235-242.] [21] 韦启蹯,陈鸿鸣,吴志东,黄钺,教剑英. 1983. 广西弄岗自然保护区石灰土的地球化学特征. 土壤学报, 20(1): 30-41. [Wei Q F,Chen H M,Wu Z D,Huang Y,Jiao J Y.1983. The geochemical characteristics of limestone soils in Longgang area,Guangxi. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 20(1): 30-41] [22] 王世杰,季宏兵,欧阳自远,周德全,郑乐平,黎廷宇. 1999. 碳酸盐岩风化成土作用的初步研究. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 29(5): 441-449. [Wang S J,Ji H B,Ouyang Z Y,Zhou D Q,Zheng L P,Li T Y.1999. Preliminary study on weathering and soil forming of carbonate rocks. Science in China(Series D), 29(5): 441-449] [23] 王世杰,孙承兴,冯志刚,刘秀明. 2002. 发育完整的灰岩风化壳及其矿物学与地球化学特征. 矿物学报,22(1): 19-29. [Wang S J,Sun C X,Feng Z G,Liu X M.2002. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the limestone weathering profile in Jishou,western Hunan Province,China. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,22(1): 19-29] [24] 熊志方,龚一鸣. 2006. 北戴河红色风化壳地球化学特征及气候环境意义. 地学前缘, 13(6): 177-186. [Xiong Z F,Gong Y M.2006. Geochemical characteristics and climatic-environmental significance of the red weathering crusts in the Beidaihe coast,North China. Earth Science Frontiers, 13(6): 177-186] [25] 魏东岚,张玉枝. 2014. 辽东半岛红色风化壳粒度分布特征浅析. 云南地理环境研究, 26(5): 47-53,60. [Wei D L,Zhang Y Z.2014. Liaodong Peninsula red weathering crust characteristics of particle size distribution. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, 26(5): 47-53,60] [26] 魏东岚,沈俊杰,李永化. 2018. 红色风化壳地球化学特征及对古气候演变的响应: 以辽南石槽剖面为例. 地理科学, 38(2): 307-313. [Wei D L,Shen J J,Li Y H.2018. Geochemical characteristics of red weathering crust from Shicao Profile in southern Liaoning Province and the response of paleoclimate evolution. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 38(2): 307-313] [27] 郑应顺. 1987. 辽东半岛自然地理. 沈阳: 辽宁教育出版社,1-14. [Zheng Y X.1987. The Physical Geography of Liaodong Peninsula. Shenyang: Liaoning Education Press,1-14] [28] 朱丽东,叶玮,周尚哲,李凤全,杨立辉. 2006. 中亚热带第四纪红黏土的粒度特征. 地理科学, 26(5): 5586-5591. [Zhu L D,Ye W,Zhou S Z,Li F Q,Yang L H.2006. Grain-size features of red earth in Mid-subtropics. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 26(5): 5586-5591] [29] 朱显谟. 1993. 中国南方的红土与红色风化壳. 第四纪研究, 13(1): 75-84. [Zhu X M.1993. Red clay and red residuum in south China. Quaternary Sciences, 13(1): 75-84] [30] Ducloux J,Guero Y,Sardini P,Decarreau A.2002. Xerolysis: A hypothetical process of clay particles weathering under Sahelian climate. Geoderma, 105(1): 93-110. [31] Martini I P,Chesworth W.1992. Weathering,Soils & Paleosols. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers,127-181. [32] McLennan S M,Hemming S R,McDaniel D K,Hanson G N.1993. Geochemical approaches to sedimentation,provenance and tectonics. Geological Society of America, 284: 21-40. [33] Shackleton R M,Chengfa C.1990. Cenozoic Uplift and Deformation of the Tibet Plateau: The Geomorphological Evidence. Beijing: Science Press,372-383.