Clots built by photosynthetic biofilms: Evidences from thrombolite bieherms of the Changshan Formation of Cambrian Furongian in Liaodong Peninsula
Mei Ming-Xiang1,2, Khalid Latif1, Liu Li1, Meng Qing-Fen1
1 School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China
Abstract：Thrombolites are marked by non-layer fabrics,which are distinct from stromatolites;the key microstructure of thrombolites are mesoclots that produce clotted fabrics. Diffusely clotted micrite that commonly make up the mesoclots likely represent extracelluar polymeric substances(EPSs)calcification. However,its precise origin and formative processes are not clear due to absence of direct evidence of microbial activities. Thrombolite bioherms occur in the top of the Changshan Formation of the Cambrian Furongian at the Jinzhouwan and Tianshifu sections in the Liaodong Peninsula. Thrombolite bioherms were deposited in the forced regressive system tract of a third-order depositional sequence. Diffusely clotted micrites with the size of micrometers are fundamental fabrics of these thrombolites. Importantly and particularly,the sheath fossils of filamental cyanobateria are preserved,suggesting a biological origin of photosynthetic biofilms. A great challenge is to interpret the ancient clots and their detail formative processes through the filter of diagenesis. Calcification of cyanobacteria biofilms also remains poorly understood. The preservation of cyanobacteria sheath fossils within thrombolite colts in the Furongian Changshan Formation in the Liaodong Peninsula suggests that the colts were formed by photosynthetic biofilms. Furthermore,the clots within thrombolites are commonly symbiosis with other types of carbonate grains such as benthic ooid,cortoid,and trilobite fossil fragment,as well as radiated calcite fabric around these carbonate grains,which indicate that the thrombolites of the Changshan Formation probably resulted from complex calcification of EPSs of multiple biofilms within the relative thick microbial mat.
Mei Ming-Xiang,Khalid Latif,Liu Li et al. Clots built by photosynthetic biofilms: Evidences from thrombolite bieherms of the Changshan Formation of Cambrian Furongian in Liaodong Peninsula[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(2): 254-277.
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