Radial ooids induced by photosynthetic biofilms: an example from the Cambrian Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation at Jiawang section in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu Province,North-China Platform
Mei Ming-Xiang1,2
1 School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
Abstract：Recent continuous studies on the modern marine aragonite ooids in Bahama demonstrate that microbes and extracelluar polymeric substances(EPS)are very important in the formation of ooids,which results in an important scientific understanding,i.e. these ooids can be regarded as “laminated organic sedimentary structures”that own the formation characteristics of microbiolith systems. Nevertheless,the formation of ooids presents many mysteries and complexities caused by many reasons: (1)3.0 billion years’ development history;(2)diversified formation environments;(3)characteristic composition of minerals;(4)a variety of sedimentary structures. There are still many strong debates on where and how do these ooids form,and what kinds of biological and abiotic processes they record. The oolitic beach facies limestone found at the upper part of the Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation at the Jiawang section in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu Province are made of calcite,radiative oolites,which show radial,radial-concentric,and micritic sedimentary structures. Plenty of excellent Girvanella fossils are preserved in the core and cortex of these ooids,as well as the clump or clot among ooids,and the dark micrite that are composed of irregular agglomerate and clots. These dark micrite represent the characteristic photosynthetic biofilm,which provides the direct microbial evidence for the formation of radiate oolites in the Miaolingian calcite sea. Besides,the complex genetic relationships with the photosynthetic biofilm have been established because the Girvanella are the fossils of filamentous cyanobacteria that is similar with the recent calcified Plectonema and the modern Scytonema. Although the deposition of radial-fibrous calcite formed at the cortex of radiate oolites cannot be interpreted as the results of direct microbial precipitation,these radiate oolites present the important evidences that are possibly nourished by the photosynthetic biofilm which promotes the accretion of the cortex made up of radial and fibrous calcite in the Zhangxia Formation. Ultimately,our studies provide an important example for the further understanding of the “ooid dilemma”,which also provides an important evidence for the cayanobacterial bloom in the Cambrian Miaolingian calcite sea that is coincided with metazoan radiation.
Mei Ming-Xiang. Radial ooids induced by photosynthetic biofilms: an example from the Cambrian Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation at Jiawang section in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu Province,North-China Platform[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(3): 461-488.
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