Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of river-dominated fan delta: a case study from the Upper Urho Formation in Mahu sag of Junggar Basin
Zou Zhi-Wen1, Guo Hua-Jun1, Niu Zhi-Jie2, Xu Yang1, Shan Xiang1, Li Ya-Zhe1, Shen Jin-Long1
1 Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China; 2 Xinjiang Oilfield Company Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina,Xinjiang Karamay 834000,China
Abstract：In recent years,the study of fan-delta is helpful for the exploration of oil and gas,which attracts more attention on the detailed classification of fan-delta. The sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the river dominated fan-delta in the upper Urho Formation in Mahu sag of the Junggar basin is analyzed based on the core data from 23 wells,logging data,geomorphology and seismic data. There are 3 classes,8 subclasses and 22 types of lithofacies in the upper Urho Formation. Among them,the lithofacies linked to traction current takes a large proportion and the space between gravels and pebbles are filled or partly-filled by sandy grains. Ten types of microfacies such as braided channel,debris flow unit,subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar are distinguished and the braided channel and subaqueous distributary channel are the dominated microfacies. The plane morphology of the river dominated fan-delta is usually fan shape with a high length-width ratio. There are four major fan-delta system named Zhongguai,Karamay,Baijiantan and Dabasong in Mahu sag. The sedimentation in the river dominated fan-delta is controlled by humid climate and paleo-geomorphology. According to paleoclimate and paleogeomorphology analysis of the Upper Urho Formation,the depositional sequence model of fan-delta in Mahu sag is established,which can provide the geological basis for the identification of microfacies in the fan delta and the petroleum exploration of similar sedimentary basins.
Zou Zhi-Wen,Guo Hua-Jun,Niu Zhi-Jie et al. Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of river-dominated fan delta: a case study from the Upper Urho Formation in Mahu sag of Junggar Basin[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(4): 756-770.
[1] 陈新,卢华复,舒良树,王惠民,张国清. 2002. 准噶尔盆地构造演化分析新进展. 高校地质学报, 8(3): 257-267. [Chen X,Lu H F,Shu L S,Wang H M,Zhang G Q.2002. Study on tectonic evolution of Junggar Basin. Geological Journal of China Universities,8(3): 257-267] [2] 顾家裕. 1984. 中国东部古代扇—三角洲沉积. 石油与天然气地质, 5(3): 236-245. [Gu J Y.1984. Sedimentation of ancient fan-deltas in eastern China. Oil & Gas Geology, 5(3): 236-245] [3] 厚刚福,孙雄伟,李昌,刘群,曾庆鲁,熊冉,曹全斌. 2012. 塔里木盆地西南部叶城凹陷下白垩统克孜勒苏群扇三角洲沉积特征及模式. 中国地质, 39(4): 947-953. [Hou G F,Sun X W,Li C,Liu Q,Zeng Q L,Xiong R,Cao Q B.2012. Depositional features of the fan delta from lower Cretaceous Kezilesu Group in Yecheng sag,southwestern Tarim Basin. Geology in China, 39(4): 947-953] [4] 纪友亮,李清山,王勇,胡斌. 2012. 高邮凹陷古近系戴南组扇三角洲沉积体系及其沉积相模式. 地球科学与环境学报, 34(1): 12-19. [Ji Y L,Li Q S,Wang Y,Hu B.2012. Fan delta sedimentary system and facies models of Dainan Formation of Paleogene in Gaoyou Sag. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 34(1): 12-19] [5] 赖世新,黄凯,陈景亮,吴坚,钱万程,陈书平,徐怀民. 1999. 准噶尔晚石炭世—二叠纪前陆盆地演化与油气聚集. 新疆石油地质, 20(4): 293-297. [Lai S X,Huang K,Chen J L,Wu J,Qian W C,Chen S P,Xu H M.1999. Evolution and oil/gas accumulation of Late Carboniferous and Permian foreland basin in Junggar Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 20(4): 293-297] [6] 雷振宇,卞德智,杜社宽,蔚远江,马辉树. 2005. 准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成特征及油气分布规律. 石油学报, 26(1): 8-12. [Lei Z Y,Bian D Z,Du S K,Wei Y J,Ma S H.2005. Characteristics of fan forming and oil-gas distribution in west-north margin of Junggar Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 26(1): 8-12] [7] 李明龙,陈林,田景春,郑德顺,许克元,方喜林,曹文胜,赵军,冉中夏. 2019. 鄂西走马地区南华纪古城期—南沱早期古气候和古氧相演化: 来自细碎屑岩元素地球化学的证据. 地质学报, 93(9): 2158-2170. [Li M L,Chen L,Tian J C,Zheng D S,Xu K Y,Fang X L,Cao W S,Zhao J,Ran Z X.2019. Paleoclimate and paleo-oxygen evolution during the Gucheng Period-early Nantuo Period of Nanhua System in the Zouma area,West Hubei: evidence from elemental geochemistry of fine clastic rocks. Acta Geologica Sinica, 93(9): 2158-2170] [8] 孟祥超,蒋庆平,李亚哲,孔垂显,吴爱成,王力宝,贾俊飞,肖芳伟,刘午牛. 2017. 同生逆断层控制的砂砾岩沉积模式及有利储集相带分布: 以玛湖凹陷南斜坡白25井区上乌尔禾组为例. 沉积学报, 35(6): 1225-1240. [Meng X C,Jiang Q P,Li Y Z,Kong C X,Wu A C,Wang L B,Jia J F,Xiao F W,Liu W N.2017. Sedimentary model of sandstone conglomerate controlled by contemporaneous faults and distribution of favorable reservoir facies: a case study of Upper Wuerhe Formation in Bai 25 well area in south slope of Mahu Depression. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 35(6): 1225-1240] [9] 穆龙新,贾爱林. 2003. 扇三角洲沉积储层模式及预测方法研究. 北京: 石油工业出版社,19-91. [Mu L X,Jia A L.2003. Reservoir Models and Prediction Method for Fan-delta. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,19-91] [10] 王寿庆. 1993. 扇三角洲模式. 北京: 石油工业出版社,20-86. [Wang S Q.1993. Fan-delta Model.Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,20-86] [11] 汪孝敬,李维锋,董宏,朱健,张代燕,尹述健. 2017. 砂砾岩岩相成因分类及扇三角洲沉积特征: 以准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依油田五八区上乌尔禾组为例. 新疆石油地质, 38(5): 537-543. [Wang X J,Li W F,Dong H,Zhu J,Zhang D Y,Yin S J.2017. Genetic classification of sandy conglomerate facies and sedimentary characteristics of fan delta: a case study from Upper Wuerhe Formation in District Wuba in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 38(5): 537-543] [12] 吴崇筠,薛叔浩. 1993. 中国含油气盆地沉积学. 北京: 石油工业出版社,38-42. [Wu C Y,Xue S H.1993. Sedimentology of Petroliferous Basins in China. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,38-42] [13] 解习农,孙永传,邓新华,丁正言,韩广玲. 1993. 扇三角洲序列样式及其控制因素. 地球科学, 18(6): 749-756. [Xie X N,Sun Y C,Deng X H,Ding Z Y,Han G L.1993. Patterns of fan delta sequence and their controlled parameters. Earth Science, 18(6): 749-756] [14] 解习农,李思田,葛立刚,张启明,王振锋. 1996. 琼东南盆地崖南凹陷海湾扇三角洲体系沉积构成及演化模式. 沉积学报, 14(3): 64-71. [Xie X N,Li S T,Ge L G,Zhang Q M,Wang Z F.1996. Internal achitectures and evoluting model of bay fan delta system in Yanan sag of Qiongdongnan Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 14(3): 64-71] [15] 薛良清,Galloway W E.1991. 扇三角洲、辫状三角洲与三角洲体系的分类. 地质学报,65(2): 141-153. [Xue L Q,Galloway W E.1991. Fan-delta,braid delta and the classification of delta systems. Acta Geologica Sinica,65(2): 141-153] [16] 于兴河,瞿建华,谭程鹏,张磊,李晓路,高照普. 2014. 玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式. 新疆石油地质, 35(6): 619-627. [Yu X H,Qu J H,Tan C P,Zhang L,Li X L,Gao Z P.2014. Conglomerate lithofacies and origin models of fan deltas of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 35(6): 619-627] [17] 张春生,刘忠保,施冬,贾爱林. 2000. 扇三角洲形成过程及其演变规律. 沉积学报, 18(4): 521-527. [Zhang C S,Liu Z B,Shi D,Jia A L.2000. Formed proceeding and evolution disciplinarian of fan delta. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 18(4): 521-527] [18] 张金亮,王宝清. 1996. 中国含油气湖盆扇三角洲相模式. 地质论评,42(增刊): 147-152. [Zhang J L,Wang B Q.1996. Facies models for lacustrine fan deltas in hydrocarbon-bearing basins,China. Geological Review,42(Supplement): 147-152] [19] 赵小明,刘圣德,张权绪,吴健辉,曾波夫,廖宗明,杨刚忠,李方会. 2011. 鄂西长阳南华系地球化学特征的气候指示意义及地层对比. 地质学报, 85(4): 576-584. [Zhao X M,Liu S D,Zhang Q X,Wu J H,Zeng B F,Liao Z M,Yang G Z,Li F H.2011. Geochemical characters of the Nanhua System in Changyang,western Hubei Province and its implication for climate and sequence correlation. Acta Geologica Sinica, 85(4): 576-584] [20] 支东明,唐勇,郑孟林,郭文建,吴涛,邹志文. 2018. 玛湖凹陷源上砾岩大油区形成分布与勘探实践. 新疆石油地质, 39(1): 1-8. [Zhi D M,Tang Y,Zheng M L,Guo W J,Wu T,Zou Z W.2018. Discovery,distribution and exploration practice of large oil provinces of above-source conglomerate in Mahu Sag. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 39(1): 1-8] [21] 邹志文,李辉,徐洋,余朝丰,孟祥超. 2015. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲沉积特征. 地质科技情报, 34(2): 20-26. [Zou Z W,Li H,Xu Y,Yu C F,Meng X C.2015. Sedimentary characteristics of the Baikouquan Formation,Lower Triassic in the Mahu Depression,Junggar Basin. Geological Science and Technology Information, 34(2): 20-26] [22] 朱水桥,肖春林,饶政,旷红伟,邢凤存,高振中. 2005. 新疆克拉玛依油田八区上二叠统下乌尔禾组河控型扇三角洲沉积. 古地理学报, 7(4): 471-482. [Zhu S Q,Xiao C L,Rao Z,Kuang H W,Xing F C,Gao Z Z.2005. Fluvial-dominated fan delta sedimentation of the Lower Urho Formation of Upper Permian in the 8th area of Karamay Oilfield,Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 7(4): 471-482] [23] Feng L J,Chu X L,Zhang Q R,Zhang T G.2003. CIA(chemical index of alteration)and its applications in the Neoproterozoic clastic rocks.Earth Science Frontiers, 10(4): 539-544. [24] Homels A.1965. Principles of Physics.London: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.: 288. [25] Nesbitt H W,Young G M.1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites.Nature, 299: 715-717.
