Sedimentary environment evolution and event deposition of the Neopro-terozoic Niyuan Formation of Zhaowei section in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province,China
MENG Yan1,2, LI Zhuangfu1,2, SHEN Yulin1,2, YANG Tianyang2, JING Yuhong2, WEN Zuchao2, ZHU Yulin2, LIU Bingwen2
1 Key Laboratory of CBM Resource and Reservoir Formation Process,China Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China; 2 School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China
Abstract：The Neoproterozoic Niyuan Formation in Zhaowei, Xuzhou is exposed completely and continuously, with representative lithologic assemblages, abundant sedimentary phenomena, and a large number of typical event deposits, which has been a concern for a long time because of its controversial genesis. Based on the field macro lithologic assemblage and microscopic rock characteristics of the Niyuan Formation, and by means of macro-micro comparison, this paper analyzes the sedimentary environment and event sedimentary characteristics of the Niyuan Formation and discusses the causes of frequent occurrence and diverse types of event deposition. The results show that: (1) The sedimentary environment of the Niyuan Formation from base to top is lagoon-the middle and upper part of the gentle slope-the lower part of the gentle slope-the middle and upper part of the gentle slope-tidal flat or lagoon; (2) The development of event deposits in each section is different. Gravelly limestone and scouring filling structure are developed in each section, but the lower and middle sections are large. In addition, seismic breccia and liquefied diapir structure are seen in some parts of the middle section, molar-tooth structure is developed at the top, while molar-tooth structure is mainly seen at the bottom of the upper section, and soft sediment deformation structure and cross bedding are seen in the middle and upper part. Based on the analysis of sedimentary environment, it is considered that the event sediments mainly occurred in the gentle slope environment, tidal flat and lagoon environment; (3) Synthesizing the above research results, it is concluded that the dynamic mechanism of the special cycle composed of frequent multi-type event sedimentation and normal sedimentation of the Niyuan Formation may be related to periodic earthquake-storm action, that is, it can be the result of multi-factor coupling effect caused by the superposition of extensional regional tectonic movement on the eastern margin of North China platform and the Milankovitch cycle caused by the convergence and fragmentation of the Rodinia paleocontinent.
MENG Yan,LI Zhuangfu,SHEN Yulin et al. Sedimentary environment evolution and event deposition of the Neopro-terozoic Niyuan Formation of Zhaowei section in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province,China[J]. JOPC, 2023, 25(2): 308-322.
[1] 安徽省地质矿产局. 1987. 安徽省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社,1-721. [Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Anhui Provincial. 1987. Regional Geology of Anhui Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-721] [2] 代珍,严贤勤,袁训来,尹磊明. 2012. 徐淮地区元古宙九顶山组燧石中微体生物化石新资料. 古地理学报, 14(1): 26-55. [Dai Z,Yan X Q,Yuan X L,Yin L M.2012. New data on silicified Proterozoic microfossils from the Jiudingshan Formation of Jiangsu and northern Anhui,China. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 14(1): 26-55] [3] 冯乐,李壮福,陆鹿,窦鲁星,师庆民,周晏召. 2015. 徐州地区新元古界下部具臼齿构造碳酸盐岩事件成因探讨. 高校地质学报, 21(2): 203-214. [Feng L,Li Z F,Lu L,Dou L X,Shi Q M,Zhou Y Z.2015. Study on the origin of Molar-tooth structure-bearing carbonates in the Lower Neoproterozoic in Xuzhou area. Geological Journal of China Universities, 21(2): 203-214] [4] 郭进京,张国伟,陆松年,赵风清. 1999. 中国新元古代大陆拼合与Rodinia超大陆. 高校地质学报, 5(2): 29-37. [Guo J J,Zhang G W,Lu S N,Zhao F Q.1999. Neoproterozoic continental block collage of China and Rodinia Supercontinent. Geological Journal of China Universities, 5(2): 29-37] [5] 何睿. 2013. 徐州地区新元古界微亮晶碳酸盐岩微相分析和成因意义. 中国地质大学(北京)硕士论文: 1-56. [He R.2013. The study on sedimentary microfacies and genesis of microsprite carbonates in Neoproterozoic,Xuzhou areas. Masteral dissertation of China University of Geosciences(Beijing): 1-56] [6] 胡永云,闻新宇. 2005. 冰雪地球的研究进展综述. 地球科学进展, 20(11): 1226-1233. [Hu Y Y,Wen X Y.2005. On studies of snow ball earth. Advances in Earth Science, 20(11): 1226-1233] [7] 贾志海,洪天求,郑文武,李双应. 2003. 皖北新元古代望山组震积岩的基本特征及其形成环境分析. 地层学杂志, 27(2): 146-149,158. [Jia Z H,Hong T Q,Zheng W W,Li S Y.2003. The characters and environments of the seismites of the Neoproterzoic Wangshan Formation in north Anhui. Journal of Stratigraphy, 27(2): 146-149,158] [8] 贾志海,宁霄峰,洪天求,郑文武. 2011. 苏皖北部新元古界臼齿碳酸盐岩脉类型及其形成机理. 古地理学报, 13(6): 627-634. [Jia Z H,Ning X F,Hong T Q,Zheng W W.2011. The Neoproterozoic molar-tooth carbonate rock veins in northern Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces and their forming mechanism. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 13(6): 627-634] [9] 江苏省地质矿产局. 1984. 江苏省及上海市区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社,1-857. [Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Jiangsu Provincial. 1984. Regional Geological Records of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-857] [10] 江苏省地质矿产局. 1997. 江苏省岩石地层. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社,1-288. [Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Jiangsu Provincial. 1997. Lithostratigraphy of Jiangsu Province. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press,1-288] [11] 旷红伟,柳永清,彭楠,刘燕学,李家华. 2011. 再论臼齿碳酸盐岩成因. 古地理学报, 13(3): 253-261. [Kuang H W,Liu Y Q,Peng N,Liu Y X,Li J H.2011. On the origin of molar tooth carbonate rocks. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 13(3): 253-261] [12] 李寿寅,屈秀宜. 1990. 江苏省区域地质特征概述. 中国区域地质,(3): 193-205,221. [Li S Y,Qu X Y.1990. A brief account of the regional geological characteristics of Jiangsu Province. Regional Geology of China,(3): 193-205,221] [13] 李壮福,郭英海. 2000. 徐州地区震旦系贾园组的风暴沉积. 古地理学报, 2(2): 19-28. [Li Z F,Guo Y H.2000. Storm deposits in the Simian Jiayuan Formation of Xuzhou area. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 2(2): 19-28] [14] 刘家润,吴俊奇,潘国强,张庆龙,孔庆友,曾家湖,施贵军,刘道忠. 2001. 徐宿地区上前寒武系地层单元界面的穿时特征与意义. 地层学杂志, 25(1): 75-79. [Liu J R,Wu J Q,Pan G Q,Zhang Q L,Kong Q Y,Zeng J H,Shi G J,Liu D Z.2001. Features of diachronous boundaries in upper Precambrian sequence of Xuzhou and Suzhou area,southeastern north China platform. Journal of Stratigraphy, 25(1): 75-79] [15] 刘为付,孟祥化,葛铭,旷红伟,刘燕学. 2004. 徐州—淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨. 地质论评, 50(5): 454-463. [Liu W F,Meng X H,Ge M,Kuang H W,Liu Y X.2004. Origin of the Neoproterozoic molar-tooth carbonates in the Xuzhou-Huainan Area. Geological Review, 50(5): 454-463] [16] 刘燕学,柳永清,旷红伟. 2005. 一种严格受控于环境和时间的特殊碳酸盐岩: 臼齿构造碳酸盐岩. 地球科学进展, 20(7): 710-716. [Liu Y X,Liu Y Q,Kuang H W.2005. Molar-tooth carbonate constrained by depositional environment and geological history. Advances in Earth Science, 20(7): 710-716] [17] 刘燕学,旷红伟,孟祥化,葛铭. 2006. 锶、碳同位素演化在新元古代地层定年中的应用: 以胶辽徐淮地层分区为例. 岩石矿物学杂志, 25(4): 299-304. [Liu Y X,Kuang H W,Meng X H,Ge M.2006. The application of Sr and C isotope evolution to the dating of Neoproterozoic strata: a case study of the Jiao-Liao-Xu-Huai area in northern China. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 25(4): 299-304] [18] 柳永清,高林志,刘燕学,宋彪,王宗秀. 2005. 徐淮地区新元古代初期镁铁质岩浆事件的锆石U-Pb定年. 科学通报, 50(22): 2514-2521. [Liu Y Q,Gao L Z,Liu Y X,Song B,Wang Z X.2005. Zircon U-Pb dating of mafic magmatic events in the early Neoproterozoic in the Xuhuai area. Science Bulletin, 50(22): 2514-2521] [19] 柳永清,旷红伟,彭楠,刘燕学,江小均,许欢. 2010. 中国元古代碳酸盐岩微亮晶构造及形成的沉积环境约束. 岩石学报, 26(7): 2122-2130. [Liu Y Q,Kuang H W,Peng N,Liu Y X,Jiang X J,Xu H.2010. Proterozoic microspar and constraint of sedimentary environment in China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(7): 2122-2130] [20] 陆鹿,李壮福,叶嗣暄,康鹏,张新. 2013. 徐州地区新元古界赵圩组风暴沉积特征分析. 高校地质学报, 19(3): 520-528. [Lu L,Li Z F,Ye S X,Kang P,Zhang X.2013. Characterization of tempestite sediments of the Neoproterozoic Zhaowei Formation in Xuzhou Area,Jiangsu Province. Geological Journal of China Universities, 19(3): 520-528] [21] 陆松年. 1998. 新元古时期Rodinia超大陆研究进展述评. 地质论评, 44(5): 489-496. [Lu S N.1998. A review of advance in the research on the Neoproterozoic Rodinia Supercontinent. Geological Review, 44(5): 489-496] [22] 马晓凡. 2015. 徐州地区新元古界中下部沉积环境演化及事件沉积. 中国矿业大学硕士论文: 1-119. [Ma X F.2015. Sedimentary environment evolution and event deposition of the lower Neoproterozoic in Xuzhou Area. Masteral dissertation of China University of Mining and Technology: 1-119] [23] 孟祥化,葛铭. 2002. 中朝板块旋回层序、事件和形成演化的探索. 地学前缘, 9(3): 125-140. [Meng X H,Ge M.2002. Research on cyclic sequence,events and formational evolution of the Sino-Korea plate. Earth Science Frontiers, 9(3): 125-140] [24] 苗巧银,潘明宝,徐士银,张平,高炳飞,冯文立. 2020. 江苏省徐州地区新元古界淮河系时代的重新厘定. 上海国土资源, 41(3): 72-77. [Miao Q Y,Pan M B,Xu S Y,Zhang P,Gao B F,Feng W L.2020. Redefining the Neoproterozoic Huaihe group in Xuzhou,Jiangsu Province. Shanghai Land & Resources, 41(3): 72-77] [25] 潘国强,刘家润,孔庆友,吴俊奇,张庆龙,曾家湖,刘道忠. 2000. 徐宿地区震旦纪地质事件及其成因讨论. 高校地质学报, 6(4): 566-575. [Pan G Q,Liu J R,Kong Q Y,Wu J Q,Zhang Q L,Zeng J H,Liu D Z.2000. Study on Sinian geologic events in Xuzhou-Suzhou Area and discussion on their origin. Geological Journal of China Universities, 6(4): 566-575] [26] 庞科,唐卿,万斌,李光金,陈雷,袁训来,周传明. 2021. 华北地台胶辽徐淮地区中—新元古代地层研究进展. 地层学杂志, 45(4): 467-492. [Pang K,Tang Q,Wan B,Li G J,Chen L,Yuan X L,Zhou C M.2021. Integrated Meso-Neoproterozoic stratigraphy in the Jiao-Liao-Xu-Huai area of North China Craton: a review. Journal of Stratigraphy, 45(4): 467-492] [27] 钱迈平,袁训来,徐学思,胡杰,厉建华. 2002. 徐淮地区新元古代叠层石组合. 古生物学报, 41(3): 403-418. [Qian M P,Yuan X L,Xu X S,Hu J,Li J H.2002. An assemblage of the Neoproterozoic stromatolites from the Xuzhou-Huainan region. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 41(3): 403-418] [28] 乔秀夫,李海兵. 2009. 沉积物的地震及古地震效应. 古地理学报, 11(6): 593-610. [Qiao X F,Li H B.2009. Effect of earthquake and ancient earthquake on sediments. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 11(6): 593-610] [29] 乔秀夫,李海兵,苏德辰,何碧竹,田洪水,郭宪璞,宋天锐,吕洪波,高林志,贺静,袁效奇,周玮,张森,孙爱萍,王安东. 2017. 软沉积物变形构造: 地震与古地震记录. 北京: 地质出版社,1-252. [Qiao X F,Li H B,Su D C,He B Z,Tian H S,Guo X P,Song T R,Lü H B,Gao L Z,He J,Yuan X Q,Zhou W,Zhang S,Sun A P,Wang A D.2017. Soft Sediment Deformation Structures-Earthquake and Ancient Earthquake Records. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-252] [30] 苏德辰,孙爱萍. 2011. 北京永定河谷中元古界雾迷山组软沉积物变形与古地震发生频率. 古地理学报, 13(6): 591-614. [Su D C,Sun A P.2011. Soft-sediment deformation and occurrence frequency of palaeoearthquake in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation,Yongding River Valley,Beijing. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 13(6): 591-614] [31] 孙云鹏,郎咸国,欧阳晴,周传明. 2020. 安徽宿州新元古界望山组臼齿碳酸盐岩特征及成因讨论. 地层学杂志, 44(4): 386-400. [Sun Y P,Lang X G,Ouyang Q,Zhou C M.2020. Characteristics and origin of the molar-tooth carbonates from the Neoproterozoic Wangshan Formation in Suzhou,Anhui Province. Journal of Stratigraphy(Chinese Edition), 44(4): 386-400] [32] 唐烽,尹崇玉,王自强,陈孟莪,高林志. 2005. 华北地台东缘新元古代地层对比和宏体化石研究的进展和发展趋势. 地质通报, 24(7): 589-596. [Tang F,Yin C Y,Wang Z Q,Chen M E,Gao L Z.2005. Advances and development trend in the study of the stratigraphic correlation of the Neoproterozoic and megafossils on the eastern margin of the North China platform. Geological Bulletin of China, 24(7): 589-596] [33] 唐烽,尹崇玉,高林志,刘鹏举,王自强,陈寿铭. 2009. 华北克拉通东部新元古代宏体化石生物地层序列. 地质论评, 55(3): 305-317. [Tang F,Yin C Y,Gao L Z,Liu P J,Wang Z Q,Chen S M.2009. Macrofossil records of the Neoproterozoic in the eastern of North China Craton: an implement of Neoproterozoic biostratigraphy. Geological Review, 55(3): 305-317] [34] 田景春,张翔,林小兵,孟万斌,王峰. 2014. 事件沉积学. 北京: 地质出版社,1-226. [Tian J C,Zhang X,Lin X B,Meng W B,Wang F.2014. Event Sedimentology. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-226] [35] 杨承运,A.V.卡罗兹. 1988. 碳酸盐岩实用分类及微相分析. 北京: 北京大学出版社,1-294. [Yang C Y,Carozzi A V.1988. Practical Classification and Microfacies Analysis of Carbonate Rocks. Beijing: Peking University Press,1-294] [36] 王德海. 2007. 吉辽徐淮新元古代层序地层和岩相古地理及海相烃源岩研究. 中国地质大学(北京)博士论文: 1-147. [Wang D H.2007. Sequence stratigraphy and lithofacies paleogeography and marine source rocks of Ji-Liao-Xu-Huai area Neoproterozoic. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Geosciences(Beijing): 1-147] [37] 王丽娟. 2009. 徐淮地区新元古代地层划分、对比及沉积环境分析. 山东科技大学硕士论文: 1-101. [Wang L J.2009. Stratigraphic division,correlation and sedimentary environment analysis of Neoproterozoic in Xuhuai region. Masteral dissertation of Shandong University of Science and Technology: 1-101] [38] 王清海,杨德彬,许文良. 2011. 华北陆块东南缘新元古代基性岩浆活动: 徐淮地区辉绿岩床群岩石地球化学、年代学和Hf同位素证据. 中国科学: 地球科学, 41(6): 796-815. [Wang Q H,Yang D B,Xu W L.2011. Neoproterozoic basic magmatism in the southeast margin of North China Craton: evidence from whole-rock geochemistry,U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of zircons from diabase swarms in the Xuzhou-Huaibei area. Science China Earth Science, 41(6): 796-815] [39] 王翔,王战. 1992. 苏皖北部倪园组碳酸盐台地沉积. 西安地质学院学报, 14(2): 1-6. [Wang X,Wang Z.1992. The carbonate platform sediment of the Niyuan Formation,northern Jiangsu and Anhui Province. Journal of Xi’an College of Geology, 14(2): 1-6] [40] 王振涛,李现根. 2020. 河南嵩山地区新元古界何家寨组微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐岩成因新认识. 古地理学报, 22(1): 56-74. [Wang Z T,Li X G.2020. New understanding on the genetic mechanism of microsparite(molar-tooth)carbonates in the Neoproterozoic Hejiazhai Formation in Songshan area,Henan Province. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 22(1): 56-74] [41] 杨杰东,郑文武,王宗哲,陶仙聪. 2001. Sr、C同位素对苏皖北部上前寒武系时代的界定. 地层学杂志, 25(1): 44-48. [Yang J D,Zheng W W,Wang Z Z,Tao X C.2001. Age determining of the Upper Precambrian system of northern Jiangsu-Anhui by using Sr and C isotopes. Journal of Stratigraphy, 25(1): 44-48] [42] 杨杰东,郑文武,陶仙聪,王宗哲. 2004. 安徽淮南群四顶山组燧石Sm-Nd年龄测定. 地质论评, 50(4): 413-417. [Yang J D,Zheng W W,Tao X C,Wang Z Z.2004. The Sm-Nd age of cherts from Sidingshan Formation of the Huainan Group of Anhui Province. Geological Review, 50(4): 413-417] [43] 余素玉. 1989. 化石碳酸盐岩微相. 北京: 地质出版社,1-166. [Yu S Y.1989. Fossil Carbonate Microfacies. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-166] [44] 张丕孚. 1993. 苏皖北部晚前寒武纪地层层序的厘定. 地层学杂志, 17(1): 40-45,51. [Zhang P F.1993. Collation of the late Precambrian stratigraphic sequence in the northern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui. Journal of Stratigraphy, 17(1): 40-45,51] [45] 张丕孚. 2001. 辽南、苏皖北部、鲁西鲁东晚前寒武纪地层的划分与对比. 地质与资源, 10(1): 11-17. [Zhang P F.2001. Division and correlation of late Precambrian strata in southern Liaoning,northern Jiangsu and Anhui,western and eastern Shandong. Geology and Resources, 10(1): 11-17] [46] 张同钢,储雪蕾,陈孟莪,张启锐,冯连君. 2002. 新元古代全球冰川事件对早期生物演化的影响. 地学前缘, 9(3): 49-56. [Zhang T G,Chu X L,Chen M E,Zhang Q R,Feng L J.2002. The effect of the Neoproterozoic global glaciation on the early biological evolution. Earth Science Frontiers, 9(3): 49-56] [47] 郑文武,杨杰东,洪天求,陶仙聪,王宗哲. 2004. 辽南与苏皖北部新元古代地层Sr和C同位素对比及年龄界定. 高校地质学报, 10(2): 165-178. [Zheng W W,Yang J D,Hong T Q,Tao X C,Wang Z Z.2004. Sr and C isotopic correlation and the age boundary determination for the Neoproterozoic in the southern Liaoning and northern Jiangsu-northern Anhui Provinces. Geological Journal of China Universities, 10(2): 165-178] [48] 郑永飞. 2003. 新元古代岩浆活动与全球变化. 科学通报, 48(16): 1705-1720. [Zheng Y F.2003. Neoproterozoic magmatism and global change. Science Bulletin, 48(16): 1705-1720] [49] 郑永飞. 2004. 新元古代超大陆构型中华南的位置. 科学通报, 49(8): 715-717. [Zheng Y F.2004. The location of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent in southern China. Science Bulletin, 48(16): 1705-1720] [50] Cao R,Yin L.2011. Microbiota and microbial mats within ancient stromatolites in South China. In: Tewari V,Seckbach J(eds). Stromatolites: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments. Netherlands: Springer,65-86. [51] Einsele G,Chough S K,Shiki T.1996. Depositional events and their record-an introduction. Sedimentary Geology, 104: 1-9. [52] Fairchild I J,Einsel G,Song T.1997. Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp deposits,north China. Sedimentology, 44(4): 611-636. [53] Frank T D,Lyons T W.1998. “Molar-tooth”structures: a geochemical perspective on a Proterozoic enigma. Geology, 26(8): 683-686. [54] Furniss G,Rittel J F,Winston D.1998. Gas bubble and expansion crack origin of “molar-tooth”calcite structures in the middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup,western Montana. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68(1): 104-114. [55] Guilbaud R,Poulton S W,Butterfield N J,Zhu M,Shields-Zhou G A.2015. A global transition to ferruginous conditions in the early Neoproterozoic oceans. Nature Geoscience, 8(6): 466-470. [56] Guilbaud R,Poulton S W,Thompson J,Husband K F,Zhu M,Zhou Y,Shields G A,Lenton T M.2020. Phosphorus-limited conditions in the early Neoproterozoic Ocean maintained low levels of atmospheric oxygen. Nature Geoscience, 13: 296-301. [57] Hodgskiss M S,Kunzmann M,Poirier A,Halverson G P.2018. The role of microbial iron reduction in the formation of Proterozoic molar tooth structures. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 482: 1-11. [58] Hoffman P F.1991. Did the breakout of laurentia turn gondwanaland inside-out? Science, 252: 1406-1412. [59] James N P,Narbonne G M,Sherman A G.1998. Molar-tooth carbonates: Shallow subtidal facies of the Mid-Late Proterozoic. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68(5): 716-722. [60] Li Z X.1998. Tectonic history of the major east Asian lithospheric blocks since the Mid-Proterozoic:a synthesis. In: Flower M F J, Chung S L, Lo C H, Lee T Y(eds). Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia. American Geophysical Union, 221-243. [61] Marshall D,Anglin C.2004. CO2-clathrate destabilization: a new model of formation for molar tooth structures. Precambrian Research, 129(3-4): 325-341. [62] Meng X H,Ge M.2003. Cyclic sequences,events and evolution of the Sino-Korean Plate,with a discussion on the evolution of molar-tooth carbonates,phosphorites and source rocks. Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition), 77(3): 382-401. [63] Pratt B R.1998. Molar-tooth structure in Proterozoic carbonate rocks: origin from synsedimentary earthquakes,and implications for the nature and evolution of basins and marine sediment. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(8): 1028-1045. [64] Shen B,Dong L,Xiao S,Lang X,Huang K,Peng Y,Zhou C,Ke S,Liu P.2016. Molar tooth carbonates and benthic methane fluxes in Prote-rozoic oceans. Nature communications, 7: 10317. [65] Xiao S,Shen B,Tang Q,Kaufman A J,Yuan X,Li J,Qian M.2014. Biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic constraints on the age of early Neoproterozoic carbonate successions in North China. Precambrian Research, 246: 208-225. [66] Wilson J L.1975. Carbonate Facies in Geological History. Berlin Heidelberg,New York: Spring-Verlag. [67] Zhang Z,Peng P,Feng L,Gong Z,Mitchell R N,Li Y.2021. Oldest-known Neoproterozoic carbon isotope excursion: earlier onset of Neoproterozoic carbon cycle volatility. Gondwana Research, 94: 1-11. [68] Zhao H,Zhang S,Ding J,Chang L,Ren Q,Li H,Yang T,Wu H.2020. New geochronologic and paleomagnetic results from early Neoproterozoic mafic sills and late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic successions in the eastern North China Craton,and implications for the reconstruction of Rodinia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 132(3-4): 739-766. [69] Zhou Y,Pogge von Strandmann P A,Zhu M,Ling H,Manning C,Li D,He T,Shields G A.2020. Reconstructing Tonian seawater87Sr/86Sr using calcite microspar. Geology, 48(5): 462-467.
