New records of Sphenopteris from the Cisuralian of Yongchang,Gansu Province,with a discussion on diversity and palaeogeographic evolution of this genus during the Late Paleozoic
WANG Xuelian1, XIONG Conghui2, SUN Bainian2
1 Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification & Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China; 2 School of Earth Sciences & Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China(Gansu Province), Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
Abstract：Although Sphenopteris species were widespread in the Late Paleozoic around the world,the systematic position and evolutionary characteristics of this genus still need to be addressed,and microstructures such as epidermis and stomata have only been demonstrated in very limited species. We describe two well-preserved fossil species with microstructures from the Cisuralian Shanxi Formation(Early Permian)of Yongchang,Gansu,China,including Sphenopteris yongchangensis sp. nov. and Sphenopteris nystroemii. Pinnules of S. yongchangensis sp. nov. were fan-shaped,with their base connected,lateral veins bifurcate once,and elliptical stomata are amphistomatic. Pinnules of S. nystroemii were fusiform with round top,lateral veins bifurcate once and reach leaf margin,and its stomata were distributed in interveinal area. It is more reasonable to assign the present two species of Sphenopteris to the order Lyginopteridales by detailed comparative analyses. The diversity and palaeogeographic evolution of Sphenopteris species are then considered,based on 269 occurrence records of the genus from the Late Paleozoic,in combination with morphological and anatomical characteristics and biogeographic distribution pattern. The results show that the records of Sphenopteris were widely distributed in the middle-low latitudes worldwide from the Pennsylvania to Cisuralian,indicating high variation and differentiation of Sphenopteris-type leaves. It is speculated that Sphenopteris species migrated from South China to North China during Late Devonian to Permian,and the diversity pattern was not only closely related to humid climate,but also coupled with the palaeogeographic characteristics of this genus.
WANG Xuelian,XIONG Conghui,SUN Bainian. New records of Sphenopteris from the Cisuralian of Yongchang,Gansu Province,with a discussion on diversity and palaeogeographic evolution of this genus during the Late Paleozoic[J]. JOPC, 2023, 25(2): 471-484.
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