Sedimentary models and case study of sand-rich shallow-water delta in continental lacustrine basins with low accommodation
ZHU Xiaomin1, YE Lei1, XIE Shuanghui1, YANG Ke1, QIN Yi2
1 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China; 2 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China
Abstract：The sand-rich shallow delta in continental lacustrine basins with low accommodation is not only the research hotpoint in sedimentology,but also the attractive object in petroleum exploration. By tracking the research of shallow-water delta in low accommodation basins by domestic and foreign scholars,combined with the example of the Paleogene shallow-water delta in Wen'an slope of Baxian sag,the development conditions,sedimentary characteristics,sedimentary mechanism, and sedimentary models of shallow water delta in low accommodation basins are summarized. The development of a large shallow-water delta sedimentary system in low accommodation is controlled by relatively stable tectonic activities,gentle slopes(often less than 1°),periodic climates,open-flow lake basins,frequent fluctuations of the shallow-water environment,and high-speed and high-flux abundant sources. In the low accommodation,the shallow-water delta forms the oxidation color and the reduction color mudstones,which have strong biological disturbances,and sedimentary structures of strong hydrodynamic traction. The strong scouring action forms two kinds of intermittent positive rhythms of‘mud’ and‘mudless’. The river channel continues to extend to the center of the basin,forming deltas of dendritic,bandlike, and bird-foot shapes. The case study shows that the first Member of Shahejie Formation in Wen'an slope of Baxian sag is a low accommodation basin,and a large area of shallow-water delta is developed under the background of sufficient sediment supply. When the shallow-water delta is formed,the ratio of accomodation space and sediment supply(A/S) of the delta plain is the smallest, and the channel is mainly vertically-aggradated,so that the channel is stable and the bifurcation is rarely occurred. In the vertical direction,it is characterized by positive rhythms of‘mudless’,which is characterized by‘branch’ in the plane. In the inner front, the A/S is relatively increased, and the lateral migration of the channel is enhanced,causing the channel being bifurcated. In the vertical direction,positive rhythms of‘mud’ and‘mudless’ coexist,which is characterized by‘mesh’ in the plane. In the outer front, the A/S reaches the maximum; due to the dominance of lake waves,the subaqueous distributary channel is obviously sheeted,which is characterized by isolated sand body vertically and isolated channel or large area sheet sand on the plane.
ZHU Xiaomin,YE Lei,XIE Shuanghui et al. Sedimentary models and case study of sand-rich shallow-water delta in continental lacustrine basins with low accommodation[J]. JOPC, 2023, 25(5): 959-975.
[1] 常嘉,陈世悦,王琼,蒲秀刚,杨怀宇. 2022. 低可容空间浅水三角洲沉积层序及聚煤模式: 以渤海湾地区下二叠统山西组为例. 古地理学报, 24(2): 361-374. [Chang J,Chen S Y,Wang Q,Pu X G,Yang H Y.2022. Sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation of shallow water delta systems under low accommodation conditions: a case study from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in Bohai Bay region. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 24(2): 361-374] [2] 代黎明,李建平,周心怀,崔忠国,程建春. 2007. 渤海海域新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系分析. 岩性油气藏, 19(4): 75-81. [Dai L M,Li J P,Zhou X H,Cui Z G,Cheng J C.2007. Depositional system of the Neogene shallow water delta in Bohai Sea area. Lithologic Reservoirs, 19(4): 75-81] [3] 杜金虎,邹伟宏,易士威,张锐锋,雷怀玉,李先平. 2002. 华北油田隐蔽油藏的勘探. 中国石油勘探, 7(3): 7-15,5. [Du J H,Zou W H,Yi S W,Zhang R F,Lei H Y,Li X P.2002. Exploration of subtle oil reservoir in Huabei oil field. China Petroleum Exploration, 7(3): 7-15,5] [4] 冯文杰,吴胜和,张可,赵文凯,贾风娟. 2017. 曲流河浅水三角洲沉积过程与沉积模式探讨: 沉积过程数值模拟与现代沉积分析的启示. 地质学报, 91(9): 2047-2064. [Feng W J,Wu S H,Zhang K,Zhao W K,Jia F J.2017. Depositional process and sedimentary model of meandering-river shallow delta: insights from numerical simulation and modern deposition. Acta Geologica Sinica, 91(9): 2047-2064] [5] 付超,于兴河,李胜利,李顺利,高明轩,彭子霄,赵海权. 2022. 差异可容纳空间背景下湖相层序样式与三角洲形态响应: 鄱阳湖与岱海湖对比研究. 古地理学报, 24(6): 1084-1098. [Fu C,Yu X H,Li S L,Li S L,Gao M X,Peng Z X,Zhao H Q.2022. Lacustrine sequence patterns under different accommodation space settings and the responding delta morphology: a comparison of Poyang Lake and Daihai Lake. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 24(6): 1084-1098] [6] 龚绍礼. 1986. 河南禹县早二叠世晚期浅水三角洲沉积和聚煤环境. 煤田地质与勘探, 14(6): 2-9. [Gong S L.1986. Shallow delta and coal environment of Upper Permian in Yuxian,Henan. Coal Geology & Exploration, 14(6): 2-9] [7] 郭英海,刘焕杰,李壮福,何康林. 1995. 晋中北山西组浅水三角洲沉积特征及聚煤作用. 中国矿业大学学报, 24(1): 64-70. [Guo Y H,Liu H J,Li Z F,He K L.1995. Sedimentary characteristics and coal-accumulating process of shallow-water delta of Shanxi Formation in the middle-north district of Shanxi Province. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 24(1): 64-70] [8] 金振奎,李燕,高白水,宋宝全,何宇航,石良,李桂仔. 2014. 现代缓坡三角洲沉积模式: 以鄱阳湖赣江三角洲为例. 沉积学报, 32(4): 710-723. [Jin Z K,Li Y,Gao B S,Song B Q,He Y H,Shi L,Li G Z.2014. Depositional model of modern gentle-slope delta: a case study from Ganjiang Delta in Poyang Lake. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 32(4): 710-723] [9] 李增学,魏久传,李守春. 1995. 鲁西河控浅水三角洲沉积体系及煤聚集规律. 煤田地质与勘探, 23(2): 7-12. [Li Z X,Wei J C,Li S C.1995. The depositional system of fluvial-controlled shallow-water delta and coal-accumulation analysis in western Shandong. Coal Geology & Exploration, 23(2): 7-12] [10] 刘翰林,邱振,徐黎明,王凤琴,童强,蔺嘉昊,尹帅,王文强. 2021. 鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组浅水三角洲砂体特征及厚层砂体成因. 石油勘探与开发, 48(1): 106-117. [Liu H L,Qiu Z,Xu L M,Wang F Q,Tong Q,Lin J H,Yin S,Wang W Q.2021. Distribution of shallow water delta sand bodies and the genesis of thick layer sand bodies of the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Longdong area,Ordos Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 48(1): 106-117] [11] 刘诗奇,朱筱敏,王瑞,金婷. 2012. 陆相湖盆浅水三角洲沉积体系研究. 山东科技大学学报, 31(5): 93-104. [Liu S Q,Zhu X M,Wang R,Jin T.2012. Study on sedimentary system of shallow delta in continental lake basin. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science), 31(5): 93-104] [12] 李元昊,刘池洋,独育国,王秀娟,黄锦绣. 2009. 鄂尔多斯盆地西北部上三叠统延长组长8油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征及湖岸线控砂. 古地理学报, 11(3): 265-274. [Li Y H,Liu C Y,Du Y G,Wang X J,Huang J X.2009. Sedimentary characteristics of shallow water delta and lake shoreline control on sandbodies of Chang 8 oil-bearing interval of the upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in northwestern Ordos Basin. Journal of Paleogeography(Chinese Edition), 11(3): 265-274] [13] 李洋,朱筱敏,宋英琦,刘芬,李超. 2013. 松辽盆地榆树林油田下白垩统泉头组扶余油层浅水三角洲沉积特征及其演化. 高校地质学报, 19(1): 23-31. [Li Y,Zhu X M,Song Y Q,Liu F,Li C.2013. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of shallow-water delta of the Lower Cretaceous Fuyu reservoir in the Yushulin Oilfield,Songliao Basin. Geological Journal of China Universities, 19(1): 23-31] [14] 刘自亮,沈芳,朱筱敏,廖纪佳,张修强,孟昊. 2015. 浅水三角洲研究进展与陆相湖盆实例分析. 石油与天然气地质, 36(4): 596-604. [Liu Z L,Shen F,Zhu X M,Liao J J,Zhang X Q,Meng H.2015. Progress of shallow-water delta research and a case study of continental lake basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 36(4): 596-604] [15] 楼章华,兰翔,卢庆梅,蔡希源. 1999. 地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用: 以松辽盆地北部东区葡萄花油层为例. 地质学报, 73(1): 83-92. [Lou Z H,Lan X,Lu Q M,Cai X Y.1999. Controls of the topography,climate and lake level fluctuation on the depositional environment of shallow-water delta: a case study of the Cretaceous Putaohua Reservoir in the northern part of Songliao Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 73(1): 83-92] [16] 鲁静,邵龙义,汪浩,孙斌,杨敏芳. 2012. 低可容空间河流三角洲沉积层序与聚煤模式. 中国矿业大学学报, 41(2): 268-275. [Lu J,Shao L Y,Wang H,Sun B,Yang M F.2012. Sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation of fluvial delta under low accommodation conditions. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 41(2): 268-275] [17] 陶明华,王开发,郑国光,支崇远. 2001. 冀中拗陷早第三纪孢粉组合及地质时代讨论. 微体古生物学报, 18(3): 274-292. [Tao M H,Wang K F,Zheng G G,Zhi C Y.2001. Early Tertiary sporopollen assemblages from Jizhong Depression and their stratigraphic implication. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 18(3): 274-292] [18] 王夏斌,姜在兴,胡光义,范廷恩,范洪军,何明薇,陈飞. 2020. 浅水三角洲分流河道沉积模式分类. 地球科学与环境学报, 42(5): 654-667. [Wang X B,Jiang Z X,Hu G Y,Fan T E,Fan H J,He M W,Chen F.2020. Classification of sedimentary models of distributary channels in shallow water deltas. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 42(5): 654-667] [19] 王建功,王天琦,卫平生,梁苏娟,韩小强. 2007. 大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲沉积模式: 以松辽盆地北部葡萄花油层为例. 岩性油气藏, 19(2): 28-34. [Wang J G,Wang T Q,Wei P S,Liang S J,Han X Q.2007. Sedimentary mode of shallow lacustrine delta of large continental basin: an example from Putaohua Formation in northern Songliao Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 19(2): 28-34] [20] 王立武. 2012. 坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲的沉积特征: 以松辽盆地南部姚一段为例. 沉积学报, 30(6): 1053-1060. [Wang L W.2012. Forming conditions and depositional characteristics of shallow-water deltas in depression basins: a case study of K2y1 in the south of Songliao Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 30(6): 1053-1060] [21] 吴胜和,徐振华,刘钊. 2019. 河控浅水三角洲沉积构型. 古地理学报, 21(2): 202-215. [Wu S H,Xu Z H,Liu Z.2019. Depositional architecture of fluvial-dominated shoal water delta. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 21(2): 202-215] [22] 殷杰. 2018. 饶阳—霸县凹陷烃源岩发育机理与分布规律. 中国石油大学(北京)博士论文. [Yin J.2018. Formation mechanism and distribution of lacustrine source rocks in the Raoyang Sag and Baxian Sag. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)] [23] 袁丙龙,张辉,张连枝,叶青,晁彩霞,陈之贺,王猛. 2020. 涠西南凹陷浅水三角洲前缘砂体类型及分布模式. 中国海上油气, 32(2): 78-87. [Yuan B L,Zhang H,Zhang L Z,Ye Q,Chao C X,Chen Z H,Wang M.2020. Types and distribution patterns of shallow water delta front sand bodies in Weixinan sag. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 32(2): 78-87] [24] 袁选俊,周红英,张志杰,王子野,成大伟,郭浩,张友焱,董文彤. 2021. 坳陷湖盆大型浅水三角洲沉积特征与生长模式. 岩性油气藏, 33(1): 1-11. [Yuan X J,Zhou H Y,Zhang Z J,Wang Z Y,Cheng D W,Guo H,Zhang Y Y,Dong W T.2021. Depositional features and growth pattern of large shallow-water deltas in depression basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 33(1): 1-11] [25] 叶蕾,朱筱敏,秦祎,朱茂. 2018. 断陷湖盆浅水三角洲沉积体系. 地球科学与环境学报, 40(2): 186-202. [Ye L,Zhu X M,Qin Y,Zhu M.2018. Depositional system of shallow water delta in rifted lacustrine basin. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 40(2): 186-202] [26] 叶蕾,朱筱敏,张锐锋,谢爽慧,高园,唐宏,齐雪竹,陈亚青. 2020. 冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡古近系沙河街组一段浅水三角洲和滩坝的沉积环境. 古地理学报, 22(3): 587-600. [Ye L,Zhu X M,Zhang R F,Xie S H,Gao Y,Tang H,Qi X Z,Chen Y Q.2020. Sedimentary environment of shallow-water delta and beach-bar of the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation in Lixian slope of Raoyang sag,Jizhong Depression. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 22(3): 587-600] [27] 曾洪流,赵贤正,朱筱敏,金凤鸣,董艳蕾,王余泉,朱茂,郑荣华. 2015. 隐性前积浅水曲流河三角洲地震沉积学特征: 以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷肃宁地区为例. 石油勘探与开发, 42(5): 566-576. [Zeng H L,Zhao X Z,Zhu X M,Jin F M,Dong Y L,Wang Y Q,Zhu M,Zheng R H.2015. Seismic sedimentology characteristics of sub-clinoformal shallow-water meandering river delta: a case from the Suning area of Raoyang sag in Jizhong depression,Bohai Bay Basin,NE China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 42(5): 566-576] [28] 张昌民,尹太举,朱永进,柯兰梅. 2010. 浅水三角洲沉积模式. 沉积学报, 28(5): 933-944. [Zhang C M,Yin T J,Zhu Y J,Ke L M.2010. Shallow-water deltas and models. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 28(5): 933-944] [29] 张新涛,周心怀,李建平,牛成民. 2014. 敞流沉积环境中“浅水三角洲前缘砂体体系”研究. 沉积学报, 32(2): 260-269. [Zhang X T,Zhou X H,Li J P,Niu C M.2014. Unconfined flow deposits in front sandbodies of shallow water deltaic distributary systems. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 32(2): 260-269] [30] 张自力,朱筱敏,李琦,张锐锋,曹兰柱,田建章,毕英捷,李翔. 2019. 霸县凹陷古近系层序格架下沉积充填响应过程分析. 中国矿业大学学报, 48(1): 124-141. [Zhang Z L,Zhu X M,Li Q,Zhang R F,Cao L Z,Tian J Z,Bi Y J,Li X.2019. Response process of sedimentary filling under sequence framework of Paleogene in Baxian sag. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 48(1): 124-141] [31] 邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,罗平,王岚,刘柳红,薛叔浩,袁选俊,朱如凯,陶士振. 2008. 大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布. 地质学报, 82(6): 813-825. [Zou C N,Zhao W Z,Zhang X Y,Luo P,Wang L,Liu L H,Xue S H,Yuan X J,Zhu R K,Tao S Z.2008. Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins. Acta Geologica Sinica, 82(6): 813-825] [32] 朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,郭永华. 2008. 渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探. 沉积学报, 26(4): 575-582. [Zhu W L,Li J P,Zhou X H,Guo Y H.2008. Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 26(4): 575-582] [33] 朱永进,张昌民,尹太举. 2013. 叠覆式浅水三角洲沉积特征与沉积模拟. 地质科技情报, 32(3): 59-65. [Zhu Y J,Zhang C M,Yin T J.2013. Characteristics of superimposed shallow-lacustrine delta and its experimental simulation. Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(3): 59-65] [34] 朱筱敏. 2020. 沉积岩石学(第五版). 北京: 石油工业出版社. [Zhu X M.2020. Sedimentology(fifth edition). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press] [35] 朱筱敏,张义娜,杨俊生,李德江,张年富. 2008. 准噶尔盆地侏罗系辫状河三角洲沉积特征. 石油与天然气地质, 29(2): 244-251. [Zhu X M,Zhang Y N,Yang J S,Li D J,Zhang N F.2008. Sedimentary characteristics of the shallow Jurassic braided river delta,the Junggar Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 29(2): 244-251] [36] 朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,李洋,刘云燕,王瑞,宋静,刘诗奇,曹海涛,刘相男. 2012. 大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式: 以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例. 地学前缘, 19(1): 89-99. [Zhu X M,Liu Y,Fang Q,Li Y,Liu Y Y,Wang R,Song J,Liu S Q,Cao H T,Liu X N.2012. Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake: example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao sag,Songliao Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 19(1): 89-99] [37] 朱筱敏,潘荣,赵东娜,刘芬,吴冬,李洋,王瑞. 2013a. 湖盆浅水三角洲形成发育与实例分析. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 37(5): 7-14. [Zhu X M,Pan R,Zhao D N,Liu F,Wu D,Li Y,Wang R.2013a. Formation and development of shallow-water deltas in lacustrine basin and typical case analyses. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 37(5): 7-14] [38] 朱筱敏,邓秀芹,刘自亮,孙勃,廖纪佳,惠潇. 2013b. 大型坳陷湖盆浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征及模式: 以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组为例. 地学前缘, 20(2): 19-28. [Zhu X M,Deng X Q,Liu Z L,Sun B,Liao J J,Hui X.2013b. Sedimentary characteristics and model of shallow braided delta in large-scale lacustrine: an example from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(2): 19-28] [39] 朱筱敏,赵东娜,曾洪流,孙玉,朱如凯,黄薇,朱世发. 2013c. 松辽盆地齐家地区青山口组浅水三角洲沉积特征及其地震沉积学响应. 沉积学报, 31(5): 889-897. [Zhu X M,Zhao D N,Zeng H L,Sun Y,Zhu R K,Huang W,Zhu S F.2013c. Sedimentary characteristics and seismic sedimentologic responses of shallow-water delta of Qingshankou Formation in Qijia area,Songliao Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 31(5): 889-897] [40] Allen J P,Fielding C R.2007. Sequence architecture within a low-accommodation setting: an example from the Permian of the Galilee and Bowen basins,Queensland,Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 91(11): 1503-1539. [41] Aschoff J L,Steel J R.2011. Anatomy and development of a low-accommodation clastic wedge,Upper Cretaceous,Cordilleran Foreland Basin,USA. Sedimentary Geology, 236(1-2): 1-24. [42] Catuneanu O,Zecchin M.2013. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of clastic shelves Ⅱ: controls on sequence development. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 39(1): 26-38. [43] Chen H H,Zhu X M,Wood L J,Shi R S.2020. Evolution of drainage,sediment-flux and fluvio-deltaic sedimentary systems response in hanging wall depocentres in evolving non-marine rift basins: Paleogene of Raoyang Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China. Basin Research, 32(1): 116-145. [44] Donaldson A C.1974. Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central Appalachians. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 148: 47-78. [45] Fielding C R,Trueman J D,Alexander J.2006. Holocene depositional history of the Burdekin river delta of northeastern Australia: a model for a low-accommodation,highstand delta. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 76: 411-428. [46] Fisk H N,Kolb C R,Mcfarlan E,Wilbert L J.1954. Sedimentary framework of the modern Mississippi delta. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 24(2): 76-99. [47] Joeckel R M,Nicklen B L,Carlson M P.2007. Low-accommodation detrital apron alongside a basement uplift,Pennsylvanian of Midcontinent North America. Sedimentary Geology, 197: 165-187. [48] Helland-Hansen W,Martinsen J.1996. Shoreline trajectories and sequences: description of variable depositional-dip scenarios. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66(4): 670-688. [49] Lemons D R,Chan M A.1999. Facies architecture and sequence stratigraphy of fine-grained lacustrine deltas along the eastern margin of late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville,northern Utah and southern Idaho. AAPG Bulletin, 83(4): 635-665. [50] Nichols G J,Fisher J A.2007. Processes,facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits. Sedimentary Geology,195(1/2): 75-90. [51] Olariu C,Bhattacharya J P.2006. Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 76(2): 212-233. [52] Olariu C,Bhattacharya J P,Leybourne M I,Boss S K,Stern R J.2012. Interplay between river discharge and topography of the basin floor in a hyperpycnal lacustrine delta. Sedimentology, 59: 704-728. [53] Olariu C,Zhou C M,Steel R,Zhang Z J,Yuan X J,Zhang J Y,Chen S,Cheng D W,Kim W.2021. Controls on the stratal architecture of lacustrine delta successions in low-accommodation conditions. Sedimentology, 68: 1941-1963. [54] Peng Y,Hagstrom C A,Horner S C,Hodgson C A,Martin H K,Leckie D A,Pedersen P K,Hubbard S M.2022. Low-accommodation foreland basin response to long-term transgression: A record of change from continental-fluvial and marginal-marine to open-marine sequences over 60,000 km2 in the western Canada foreland basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 139: 105583. [55] Postma G.1990. An analysis of the variation in delta architecture. Terra Nova, 2(2): 124-130. [56] Qin Y,Zhu X M,Zhu S F,Mcelroy B.2021. Impact of deep-time palaeoclimate on the sedimentary records and morphology of lacustrine shoal-water deltas,Upper Eocene Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China. Sedimentology, 68(7): 3253-3278. [57] Spengler A E,Read J F.2010. Sequence development on a sediment-starved,low accommodation epeiric carbonate ramp: Silurian Wabash Platform,USA mid-continent during icehouse to greenhouse transition. Sedimentary Geology, 224(1-4): 84-115. [58] Wellner R R.2005. Jet-plume depositional bodies: the primary building blocks of Wax Lake delta,Gulf Coast. Association of Geological Societies, 55: 867-909. [59] Zecchin M,Catuneanu O.2017. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of clastic shelves Ⅵ: mixed siliciclastic-carbonate systems. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 88: 712-723. [60] Zhu X M,Li S L,Zeng H L,Dong Y L,Zhu S F.2016. Identification marks of Cretaceous shallow-water delta in the Songliao Basin,China. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition), 90(6): 2289-2290. [61] Zhu X M,Li S L,Wu D,Dong Y L,Dong Y L,Zhao D N,Wang X L,Zhang Q.2017a. Sedimentary characteristics of shallow-water braided delta of the Jurassic,Junggar basin,western China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 149: 591-602. [62] Zhu X M,Zeng H L,Li S L,Dong Y L,Zhu S F,Zhao D N,Huang W.2017b. Sedimentary characteristics and seismic geomorphologic responses of a shallow-water delta in the Qingshankou Formation from the Songliao Basin,China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 79: 131-148.
